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pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 25 No 1-2 (1996)
Articles
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Benzalkonium chloride is a quaternary ammounium Compounds derivative under different names such as Afxhang, Hamoon, Mahan etc, which have great and expanded use in sanitation and medical affairs. Bactericidal activity of these disinfectants was fulfilled according to National Standard Method No.2842 on Staph. Aureus, Sal. Typhimouium and E. coli. This laboratory test showed that, except Mahan that has not bactericidal efficacy on E.coli at concentration 0.4 percent, other disinfectants under the study in concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1, 1.2 percent have reliable antibacterial properties, and bacterial resistance to benzalkonium chloride has not occurred yet.
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Overall 1906 adult ticks, as well as their nymphs and larvae were collected from the body surface of cattle in the animal husbandries located in north, north-east, south and south-west of Ahwaz area, Khoozestan, Iran, during 1991-1993. The identified adult ticks were Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (C.L.koch, 1844), Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (C.L. koch, 1844), Boophilus annulatus (say, 1821) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806), H.a. anatiolicum was the most prevalent species (83%). In contrast, the prevalence of Rhipicehalus sanguineus was low (1.2%). According to preliminary findings of the survey, H.a.anatolicum and H.a.excavatum may be found on the cattle body surface throughout the year, although their population may increase significantly during spring and summer. However, Boophilus annulatus was found only during autumn and winter when the weather temperature decreases and the humidity percentage increases and the rainfall occurs intermittently in Ahwaz area.
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Direct agglutination test (DAT) is a sensitive and simple method, which is applicable in field and unequipped laboratories. In order to evaluate DAT in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma infections, the antigen was prepared in the Protozoology Unit, School of Public Health and it was used in the following studies. a- 251 serum samples collected from suspected toxoplasmosis out-patients were examined for Toxoplasma antibodies by DA and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) techniques. Sensitivity and specificity of DAT in comparison with IFAT were computed 83.2% and 76.4% respectively. b- For the comparison of DAT and Parasitology procedures, 31 mice were experimentally inoculated by T. gondii an avirulent strain. After 6 to 8 weeks the experimentally infected mice and the control group were gradually killed and their sera were tested by DA for Tosoplasma antibodies and their brain's tissue for Toxoplasma tissue cyst. All of the sera obtained from the inoculated mice were positive by DAT in titers of >=1:540, and in the wet mount samples of their brains Toxoplasma tissue cysts were also observed. c- 293 serum samples from ruminants (183 sheep, 16 goats and 94 cattle) were examined for Toxoplasma antibodies by DA. Consequently 57 sheep (31.0 %) 4 goats (25.0%) and 32 cattle (34.0%) were seropositive in titer of >=1:40.
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In order to study the distribution of Argasidae family ticks and the role of O.tholozani in transmitting the relapsing fever agent in rural areas of central province, an investigation was carried out from June to November 1992. In this study, 3371 specimens from 70 villages were collected by simple sampling method technique and subsequently were identified in laboratory. The results showed that frequencies of O.lahurensis, O.lahurensis, O.canesterini and Argas presicus were 60.90%, 4.21%, 11.81% and 23.08% respectively. O.tholozani specimens collected from Vafs zone appeared to be infected with Borrelia persica and thus capable of transmitting the disease. This finding can be regarded as an alarm for adopting proper measures to control incriminated vector.
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Determination of drug resistance rate, as a new major problem in patients with typhoid fever is inevitable for treatment of the disease. In a cross-sectional study, during March 1994 till February 1995, a total of 39 Patients with typhoid fever admitted to dept. of infections diseases, Emam Khomeini Hospital, and were examined for the rate of resistance to routine drugs usually used for treatment of the disease. The results of the present investigation showed that 33% of the patients were resistant to chloramphenicol, 48% to cotrimoxazole, 38% to ampicillin and finally 33% to the triple drug treatment.
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In a preliminary study, descriptive cross sectional, knowledge of 550 general practitioners, pediatrics and gynecology residents were evaluated in relation to medical genetics. A questionnaire was developed by researchers, and based on Bloom's taxonomy; the lowest learning level (i.e. knowledge) was developed as multiple choices. Nonrandom sampling (convenience sampling) was conducted that was done mainly in Hamadan province and other conterminous provinces. The results showed that the physician's knowledge regarding medical genetics, in our sample, was insufficient and they need extensive training and experience.
