Expression and Significance of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the Serum and Placental Tissues of Patients with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
,
Abstract
Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disease, usually occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy. Its typical clinical manifestations are itching and elevated serum total bile acid levels, which are more harmful to the fetus, and can lead to a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This paper discusses the expressions of galectin -1 and 3 in the serum and placenta of ICP patients and their relationship with the effect of the incidence of ICP.
Methods: Galectin-1 and 3 in serum and placenta were detected in 22 pregnant women with ICP and 20 healthy pregnant women admitted to the obstetrics Department of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from May 2021 to February 2022.
Results: Serum levels of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in ICP pregnant women were significantly higher than those in controls, with significant differences (P<0.05). Placental galectin-1 and 3 were higher in normal pregnant women, and there were statistical differences between groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: In ICP, the maternal serum and placental galectin-1 and 3 levels were significantly increased, both of which may play an important role in the development of ICP, which may be the initiation factor of ICP pathophysiology, a marker of ICP prediction, and a target of ICP prevention strategies.
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2. Floreani A, Gervasi MT (2016). New in-sights on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Clin Liver Dis, 20: 177–189.
3. Reid R, Ivery KJ, Rencoret RH, et al (1976). Fetal complications of obstetric choles-tasis. Br Med J, 1: 870-872.
4. Geenes V, Williamson C (2009). Intrahepat-ic cholestasis of pregnancy. World J Gas-troenterol, 15: 2049-2066.
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6. Maquoi E, van den Brûle FA, Castronovo V, et al (1997). Changes in the distribution pattern of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in human placenta correlates with the dif-ferentiation pathways of trophoblasts. Placenta, 18(5-6):433-9.
7. Blois SM, Dveksler G, Vasta GR, et al (2019). Pregnancy galectinology: insights into a complex network of glycan bind-ing proteins. Front Immunol, 10:1166.
8. Than NG, Kim SS, Abbas A, et al (2008). Chorioamnionitis and increased galec-tin-1 expression in PPROM - an anti-inflammatory response in the fetal membranes? Am J Reprod Immunol, 60:298–311.
9. Moiseeva EP, Williams B, Goodall AH, et al (2003). Galectin-1 interacts with beta-1 subunit of integrin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 310:1010–1016.
10. Nio-Kobayashi J, Abidin HB, Brown JK, Iwanaga T, Horne AW, Duncan WC (2015). The Expression and Cellular Lo-calization of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the Fallopian Tube Are Altered in Women with Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy. Cells Tissues Organs, 200(6):424-34.
11. Du Q, Pan Y, Zhang Y, et al (2014). Placen-tal gene-expression profiles of intrahe-patic cholestasis of pregnancy reveal in-volvement of multiple molecular path-ways in blood vessel formation and in-flammation. BMC Med Genomics, 7:42–52.
12. Biberoglu E, Kirbas A, Daglar K, et al (2016). Role of inflammation in intrahe-patic cholestasis of pregnancy. J Ob-stetGynaecol Res, 42:252–7.
13. Hao H, He M, Li J, et al (2015). Upregula-tion of the Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway and correlation with the development of preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 194:85–91.
14. Maeda Y, Ohtsuka H, Tomioka M, et al (2013). Effect of progesterone on Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory T cell-related genes in peripheral blood mon-onuclear cells during pregnancy in cows. Vet Res Commun, 37:43–9.
15. Jeschke U, Mayr D, Schiessl B, et al (2007). Expression of galectin-1,,3 (gal-1, gal-3) and the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) an-tigen in normal, IUGR, preeclamptic and HELLP placentas. Placenta, 28:1165–73.
16. Bozic M, Petronijevic M, Milenkovic S, At-anackovic J, Lazic J, Vicovac L (2004). Galectin-1 and galectin-3 in the tropho-blast of the gestational trophoblastic disease. Placenta, 25:797–802.
17. Obstetrics Subgroup, Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese Medical Association (2015). [Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of intrahe-patic cholestasis of pregnancy (2015)]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi, 50:481-5.
18. Than NG, Romero R, Balogh A, et al (2015). Galectins: double-edged swords in the cross-roads of pregnancy compli-cations and female reproductive tract inflammation and neoplasia. J Pathol Transl Med, 49:181–208.
19. Liang L, Song H, Chen X (2013). [Expres-sion of galectin at the maternal-fetal in-terface and its role in pregnancy]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi, 48:58-60.
20. Tang M, Zhu Y (2017). [The involvement of galectin-1 in implantation and pregnan-cy maintenance at the maternal-fetal in-terface]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 46:321-327
21. Barrionuevo P, Beigier-Bompadre M, Ilar-regui JM,Toscano MA, Bianco GA, Istur-iz MA, Rabinovich GA (2007). A novel function for galectin-1 at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immunity: galec-tin-1 regulates monocyte ⁄ macrophage physiology through a nonapoptotic ERK-dependent pathway. J Immunol, 178: 436–445.
22. Terness P，Kallikourdis M，Betz A G，et al (2007). Tolerance signaling molecules and pregnancy: IDO，galectins，and the renaissance of regulatory T cells. Am J Reprod Immunol, 58(3): 238-254．
23. Molvarec A，Blois S M，Stenczer B，et al (2011). Peripheral blood galectin － 1 － expressing T and natural killer cells in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Clin Immunol, 139(1): 48-56.
24. Than NG, Erez O, Wildman DE, et al (2008). Severe preeclampsia is character-ized by increased placental expression of galectin-1. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 21:429–442.
25. Blois SM, Ilarregui JM, Tometten M, et al (2007). A pivotal role for galectin-1 in fe-tomaternal tolerance. Nat Med, 13:1450–1457.
26. Norling LV, Perretti M, Cooper D (2009). Endogenous galectins and the control of the host inflammatory response. J Endocrinol, 201:169-184.
27. Sano H, Hsu DK, Yu L, et al (2000). Human galectin-3 is a novel chemoattractant for monocytes and macrophages. J Immunol, 165:2156-2164
28. Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Yoshimaru T, et al (2008). Galectin-3 but not galectin-1 in-duces mast cell death by oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transi-tion. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1783:924- 934.
29. Liu FT, Hsu DK, Zuberi RI, et al (1995). Expression and function of galectin-3, a beta-galactosidebinding lectin, in human monocytes and macrophages. Am J Pathol, 147:1016-1028.
30. Yamaoka A, Kuwabara I, Frigeri LG, et al (1995). A human lectin, galectin-3 (epsi-lon bp/Mac-2), stimulates superoxide production by neutrophils. J Immunol, 154:3479-3487.
31. Nieminen J, St-Pierre C, Sato S (2005). Ga-lectin-3 interacts with naive and primed neutrophils, inducing innate immune re-sponses. J Leukoc Biol, 78:1127-1135.
32. Karlsson A, Christenson K, Matlak M, et al (2009). Galectin-3 functions as an opso-nin and enhances the macrophage clearance of apoptotic neutrophils. Gly-cobiology, 19:16-20.
33. Vićovac L, Janković M, Cuperlović M (1998). Galectin-1 and -3 in cells of the first trimester placental bed. Hum Reprod, 13:730-735
34. Yang RY, Hsu DK, Liu FT (1996). Expres-sion of galectin-3 mediates T-cell growth and apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93:6737-6742.
35. Saegusa J, Hsu DK, Liu W, et al (2008). Ga-lectin-3 protects keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis by enhancing AKT activation and suppressing ERK activation. J Invest Dermatol, 128:2403-2411.
36. Hutter S, Knabl J, Andergassen U, et al (2016). Placental expression patterns of galectin-1, galectin-2, galectin-3 and ga-lectin-13 in cases of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IJMS, 17:523.
37. Shankar R, Johnson MP, Williamson NA, et al (2010). Molecular markers of preterm labor in the choriodecidua. Reprod Sci, 17:297–310.
2. Floreani A, Gervasi MT (2016). New in-sights on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Clin Liver Dis, 20: 177–189.
3. Reid R, Ivery KJ, Rencoret RH, et al (1976). Fetal complications of obstetric choles-tasis. Br Med J, 1: 870-872.
4. Geenes V, Williamson C (2009). Intrahepat-ic cholestasis of pregnancy. World J Gas-troenterol, 15: 2049-2066.
5. Ozkan S, Ceylan Y, Ozkan OV, et al (2015). Review of a challenging clinical issue: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. World J Gastroenterol, 21: 7134-7141.
6. Maquoi E, van den Brûle FA, Castronovo V, et al (1997). Changes in the distribution pattern of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in human placenta correlates with the dif-ferentiation pathways of trophoblasts. Placenta, 18(5-6):433-9.
7. Blois SM, Dveksler G, Vasta GR, et al (2019). Pregnancy galectinology: insights into a complex network of glycan bind-ing proteins. Front Immunol, 10:1166.
8. Than NG, Kim SS, Abbas A, et al (2008). Chorioamnionitis and increased galec-tin-1 expression in PPROM - an anti-inflammatory response in the fetal membranes? Am J Reprod Immunol, 60:298–311.
9. Moiseeva EP, Williams B, Goodall AH, et al (2003). Galectin-1 interacts with beta-1 subunit of integrin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 310:1010–1016.
10. Nio-Kobayashi J, Abidin HB, Brown JK, Iwanaga T, Horne AW, Duncan WC (2015). The Expression and Cellular Lo-calization of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the Fallopian Tube Are Altered in Women with Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy. Cells Tissues Organs, 200(6):424-34.
11. Du Q, Pan Y, Zhang Y, et al (2014). Placen-tal gene-expression profiles of intrahe-patic cholestasis of pregnancy reveal in-volvement of multiple molecular path-ways in blood vessel formation and in-flammation. BMC Med Genomics, 7:42–52.
12. Biberoglu E, Kirbas A, Daglar K, et al (2016). Role of inflammation in intrahe-patic cholestasis of pregnancy. J Ob-stetGynaecol Res, 42:252–7.
13. Hao H, He M, Li J, et al (2015). Upregula-tion of the Tim-3/Gal-9 pathway and correlation with the development of preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 194:85–91.
14. Maeda Y, Ohtsuka H, Tomioka M, et al (2013). Effect of progesterone on Th1/Th2/Th17 and regulatory T cell-related genes in peripheral blood mon-onuclear cells during pregnancy in cows. Vet Res Commun, 37:43–9.
15. Jeschke U, Mayr D, Schiessl B, et al (2007). Expression of galectin-1,,3 (gal-1, gal-3) and the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) an-tigen in normal, IUGR, preeclamptic and HELLP placentas. Placenta, 28:1165–73.
16. Bozic M, Petronijevic M, Milenkovic S, At-anackovic J, Lazic J, Vicovac L (2004). Galectin-1 and galectin-3 in the tropho-blast of the gestational trophoblastic disease. Placenta, 25:797–802.
17. Obstetrics Subgroup, Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chinese Medical Association (2015). [Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of intrahe-patic cholestasis of pregnancy (2015)]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi, 50:481-5.
18. Than NG, Romero R, Balogh A, et al (2015). Galectins: double-edged swords in the cross-roads of pregnancy compli-cations and female reproductive tract inflammation and neoplasia. J Pathol Transl Med, 49:181–208.
19. Liang L, Song H, Chen X (2013). [Expres-sion of galectin at the maternal-fetal in-terface and its role in pregnancy]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi, 48:58-60.
20. Tang M, Zhu Y (2017). [The involvement of galectin-1 in implantation and pregnan-cy maintenance at the maternal-fetal in-terface]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 46:321-327
21. Barrionuevo P, Beigier-Bompadre M, Ilar-regui JM,Toscano MA, Bianco GA, Istur-iz MA, Rabinovich GA (2007). A novel function for galectin-1 at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immunity: galec-tin-1 regulates monocyte ⁄ macrophage physiology through a nonapoptotic ERK-dependent pathway. J Immunol, 178: 436–445.
22. Terness P，Kallikourdis M，Betz A G，et al (2007). Tolerance signaling molecules and pregnancy: IDO，galectins，and the renaissance of regulatory T cells. Am J Reprod Immunol, 58(3): 238-254．
23. Molvarec A，Blois S M，Stenczer B，et al (2011). Peripheral blood galectin － 1 － expressing T and natural killer cells in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia. Clin Immunol, 139(1): 48-56.
24. Than NG, Erez O, Wildman DE, et al (2008). Severe preeclampsia is character-ized by increased placental expression of galectin-1. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 21:429–442.
25. Blois SM, Ilarregui JM, Tometten M, et al (2007). A pivotal role for galectin-1 in fe-tomaternal tolerance. Nat Med, 13:1450–1457.
26. Norling LV, Perretti M, Cooper D (2009). Endogenous galectins and the control of the host inflammatory response. J Endocrinol, 201:169-184.
27. Sano H, Hsu DK, Yu L, et al (2000). Human galectin-3 is a novel chemoattractant for monocytes and macrophages. J Immunol, 165:2156-2164
28. Suzuki Y, Inoue T, Yoshimaru T, et al (2008). Galectin-3 but not galectin-1 in-duces mast cell death by oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transi-tion. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1783:924- 934.
29. Liu FT, Hsu DK, Zuberi RI, et al (1995). Expression and function of galectin-3, a beta-galactosidebinding lectin, in human monocytes and macrophages. Am J Pathol, 147:1016-1028.
30. Yamaoka A, Kuwabara I, Frigeri LG, et al (1995). A human lectin, galectin-3 (epsi-lon bp/Mac-2), stimulates superoxide production by neutrophils. J Immunol, 154:3479-3487.
31. Nieminen J, St-Pierre C, Sato S (2005). Ga-lectin-3 interacts with naive and primed neutrophils, inducing innate immune re-sponses. J Leukoc Biol, 78:1127-1135.
32. Karlsson A, Christenson K, Matlak M, et al (2009). Galectin-3 functions as an opso-nin and enhances the macrophage clearance of apoptotic neutrophils. Gly-cobiology, 19:16-20.
33. Vićovac L, Janković M, Cuperlović M (1998). Galectin-1 and -3 in cells of the first trimester placental bed. Hum Reprod, 13:730-735
34. Yang RY, Hsu DK, Liu FT (1996). Expres-sion of galectin-3 mediates T-cell growth and apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93:6737-6742.
35. Saegusa J, Hsu DK, Liu W, et al (2008). Ga-lectin-3 protects keratinocytes from UVB-induced apoptosis by enhancing AKT activation and suppressing ERK activation. J Invest Dermatol, 128:2403-2411.
36. Hutter S, Knabl J, Andergassen U, et al (2016). Placental expression patterns of galectin-1, galectin-2, galectin-3 and ga-lectin-13 in cases of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IJMS, 17:523.
37. Shankar R, Johnson MP, Williamson NA, et al (2010). Molecular markers of preterm labor in the choriodecidua. Reprod Sci, 17:297–310.
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| Issue | Vol 52 No 8 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i8.13403 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Intrahepatic cholestasis Pregnancy Galectin-1 Galectin-3 | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Qian L-H, Kong X, Zhou L-L. Expression and Significance of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the Serum and Placental Tissues of Patients with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(8):1656-1664.
