Incidence, Mortality, and Burden of HIV/AIDS and Its Geographical Distribution in Iran during 2008-2016
-
Ghobad MORADI
,
Bakhtiar PIROOZI
,
Cyrus ALINIA
,
Samaneh AKBARPOUR
,
Mohammad Mehdi GOUYA
,
Sima SAADI
,
Amjad MOHAMADI BOLBANABAD
,
Parvin AFSAR KAZAEROONI
Abstract
Background: This study aimed at estimating the incidence, mortality, burden, and geographical distribution of HIV/AIDS in Iran at national and provincial level during 2008-2016.
Methods: We applied the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) index to assess the burden of HIV/AIDS on the basis of Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs). We used the Iranian life table of 2016 for treated and a fixed figure of 8 years as remaining length of life in untreated patients, 0.03 as discount rate, and 0.504 as disability weigh in both treated and untreated cases. The primary data was obtained from HIV/AIDS surveillance system.
Results: The incidence of HIV/AIDS increased from 4440 cases in 2008 to 4928 cases in 2016. The mortality rate was 259 and 288 cases in 2008 and 2016, respectively, which was always higher among males than females. The burden of HIV/AIDS increased from 26231 DALYs in 2008 to 29114 DALYs in 2016. In addition, the population-adjusted burden of HIV/AIDS was not equally distributed among different provinces of Iran, and it was more concentrated in western regions of the country during the studied period.
Conclusion: Although the trend of the national burden of HIV/AIDS did not change significantly over the past decade, it was alarming especially among males and among people living in some provinces such as Kermanshah, Lorestan, Hormozgan, and Tehran.
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15. Ock M, Lee JY, Oh IH, et al (2016). Disabil-ity Weights Measurement for 228 Causes of Disease in the Korean Burden of Dis-ease Study 2012. J Korean Med Sci, 31(Suppl 2): S129-S138.
16. Islamic Republic of Iran (2013). AIDS Pro-gress Report On Monitoring of the Unit-ed Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV and AIDS. National AIDS Committee Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
17. Zamani S, Kihara M, Gouya MM, et al (2006). High prevalence of HIV infection associated with incarceration among community-based injecting drug users in Tehran, Iran. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 42(3):342-46.
18. Zamani S, Kihara M, Gouya MM, et al (2005). Prevalence of and factors associ-ated with HIV-1 infection among drug users visiting treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. AIDS, 19(7):709-16.
19. Nokhodian Z, Yazdani MR, Yaran M, et al (2012). Prevalence and risk factors of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C among female prisoners in Isfahan, Iran. Hepat Mon, 12(7):442-447.
20. Danial Z, Moayed M, Motamedi K, et al (2017). New Wave of Sexually-Transmitted HIV in Iran. Hosp Pract Res, 2(1):25-6.
21. Lotfi R, Tehrani FR, Salehifar D, et al (2016). Predictors of condom use among Iranian women at risk of HIV. Arch Sex Behav, 45(2):429-37.
22. Shokoohi M, Karamouzian M, Mirzazadeh A, et al (2016). HIV knowledge, attitudes, and practices of young people in Iran: findings of a national population-based survey in 2013. PloS One, 11(9):e0161849.
23. Moazen B, Hajizadeh S, Nedjat S, et al (2017). Determinants of Consistent Condom Use Among Iranians Living with HIV/AIDS: Implication for Preven-tion. Int J High Risk Behav Addict, 6(4):e63237.
24. Tiwari S, Nair MP, Saxena SK (2013). Latest trends in drugs of abuse–HIV infection and neuro AIDS. Future Virol, 8(2):121-27.
25. Akbari M, Akbari M, Naghibzadeh-Tahami A, et al (2016). Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among Iranian prisoners: a review article. Addict Health, 8(3):195-206.
26. Traebert J, Nickel DA, Traebert E, et al (2016). The burden of infectious diseases in the Brazilian Southern state of Santa Catarina. J Infect Public Health, 9(2):181-91.
27. Tehrani FR, Malek-Afzali HO (2008). Knowledge, attitudes and practices con-cerning HIV/AIDS among Iranian at-risk sub-populations. East Mediterr Health J, 14(1):142-56.
28. Schwartländer B, Stover J, Hallett T et al (2011). Towards an improved investment approach for an effective response to HIV/AIDS. Lancet, 377(9782):2031-41.
29. Porter K, Johnson AM, Phillips AN, et al (1999). The practical significance of po-tential biases in estimates of the AIDS in-cubation period distribution _in the UK Register of HIV Seroconverters. AIDS, 13(14):1943-51.
2. Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al (2012). Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Dis-ease Study 2010. Lancet, 380(9859):2095-128.
3. Hernandez J, Kumar A (2019). Globalized Means for Diagnostic and Preventative Management of HIV/AIDS.
4. World Health Organization (2016). Global health sector strategy on sexually trans-mitted infections 2016-2021: toward end-ing STIs.
5. Ortblad KF, Lozano R, Murray CJ (2013). The burden of HIV: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. AIDS, 27(13):2003-17.
6. Islamic Republic of Iran (2015). AIDS Pro-gress Report On Monitoring of the Unit-ed Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV and AIDS. National AIDS Committee Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
7. GBD 2015 DALYs and HALE Collabora-tors (2016). Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990–2015: a sys-tematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 388(10053):1603-58.
8. Noori A, Rahimzadeh S, Shahbazi M, et al (2016). The burden of HIV in Iran: In-sights from the global burden of disease study 2010. Arch Iran Med,19(5):329-34.
9. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (2010). Global report: UN-AIDS report on the global AIDS epi-demic 2010. UNAIDS.
10. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (2008). Report on the global AIDS epidemic. UNAIDS.
11. World Health Organization (2011). Progress report 2011: Global HIV/AIDS response Epidemic update and health sector pro-gress towards universal access WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS.
12. Islamic Republic of Iran (2012). AIDS Pro-gress Report On Monitoring of the Unit-ed Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV and AIDS. National AIDS Committee Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
13. Homedes N (1996). The disability-adjusted life year (DALY) definition, measurement and potential use. WorldBank.
14. Life tables by country Iran (Islamic Republic of) (2013). World Health Organization; 2013. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/?theme=main&vid=60760
15. Ock M, Lee JY, Oh IH, et al (2016). Disabil-ity Weights Measurement for 228 Causes of Disease in the Korean Burden of Dis-ease Study 2012. J Korean Med Sci, 31(Suppl 2): S129-S138.
16. Islamic Republic of Iran (2013). AIDS Pro-gress Report On Monitoring of the Unit-ed Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV and AIDS. National AIDS Committee Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Medical Education.
17. Zamani S, Kihara M, Gouya MM, et al (2006). High prevalence of HIV infection associated with incarceration among community-based injecting drug users in Tehran, Iran. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 42(3):342-46.
18. Zamani S, Kihara M, Gouya MM, et al (2005). Prevalence of and factors associ-ated with HIV-1 infection among drug users visiting treatment centers in Tehran, Iran. AIDS, 19(7):709-16.
19. Nokhodian Z, Yazdani MR, Yaran M, et al (2012). Prevalence and risk factors of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C among female prisoners in Isfahan, Iran. Hepat Mon, 12(7):442-447.
20. Danial Z, Moayed M, Motamedi K, et al (2017). New Wave of Sexually-Transmitted HIV in Iran. Hosp Pract Res, 2(1):25-6.
21. Lotfi R, Tehrani FR, Salehifar D, et al (2016). Predictors of condom use among Iranian women at risk of HIV. Arch Sex Behav, 45(2):429-37.
22. Shokoohi M, Karamouzian M, Mirzazadeh A, et al (2016). HIV knowledge, attitudes, and practices of young people in Iran: findings of a national population-based survey in 2013. PloS One, 11(9):e0161849.
23. Moazen B, Hajizadeh S, Nedjat S, et al (2017). Determinants of Consistent Condom Use Among Iranians Living with HIV/AIDS: Implication for Preven-tion. Int J High Risk Behav Addict, 6(4):e63237.
24. Tiwari S, Nair MP, Saxena SK (2013). Latest trends in drugs of abuse–HIV infection and neuro AIDS. Future Virol, 8(2):121-27.
25. Akbari M, Akbari M, Naghibzadeh-Tahami A, et al (2016). Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among Iranian prisoners: a review article. Addict Health, 8(3):195-206.
26. Traebert J, Nickel DA, Traebert E, et al (2016). The burden of infectious diseases in the Brazilian Southern state of Santa Catarina. J Infect Public Health, 9(2):181-91.
27. Tehrani FR, Malek-Afzali HO (2008). Knowledge, attitudes and practices con-cerning HIV/AIDS among Iranian at-risk sub-populations. East Mediterr Health J, 14(1):142-56.
28. Schwartländer B, Stover J, Hallett T et al (2011). Towards an improved investment approach for an effective response to HIV/AIDS. Lancet, 377(9782):2031-41.
29. Porter K, Johnson AM, Phillips AN, et al (1999). The practical significance of po-tential biases in estimates of the AIDS in-cubation period distribution _in the UK Register of HIV Seroconverters. AIDS, 13(14):1943-51.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 48 No Supple 1 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| AIDS HIV Disability-adjusted life years Burden of disease Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
MORADI G, PIROOZI B, ALINIA C, AKBARPOUR S, GOUYA MM, SAADI S, MOHAMADI BOLBANABAD A, AFSAR KAZAEROONI P. Incidence, Mortality, and Burden of HIV/AIDS and Its Geographical Distribution in Iran during 2008-2016. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48(Supple 1):1-9.
