Adiponectin: An Indicator for Metabolic Syndrome
-
Somaye YOSAEE
,
Mahmoud KHODADOST
,
Alireza ESTEGHAMATI
,
John R. SPEAKMAN
,
Kurosh DJAFARIAN
,
Vida BITARAFAN
,
Farzad SHIDFAR
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, consider as a manifestation of obesity. However, a proportion of obese patients do not develop MetS. The aim of our study was to determine whether concentration of plasma adiponectin and leptin differ between metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO) patients and comparable age- and sex-matched control groups.
Methods: In this case-control study, we assigned 51 obese patients with MetS (MUO) in cases group and 102 metabolic healthy obese (MHO) and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects matched for age and gender to cases in control groups. The study was conducted between December 2014 and February 2016 in the Endocrinology Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran. We measured serum adiponectin, leptin, their ratio, and body composition in all subjects.
Results: No significant differences were observed between MHO and MUO in term of total fat mass and trunk fat (P>0.05). Compared to MHO and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects, MUO subjects had lower levels of plasma adiponectin (P<0.001) and lower plasma adiponectin to leptin ratio (P<0.001) and a higher level of plasma leptin (P<0.002). A Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was used to identify the ability of adiponectin and leptin level to predict the MetS. The area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was 0.66 (P<0.01), 0.73 (P<0.001) and 0.75 (P<0.001) for leptin, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio levels respectively.
Conclusion: Our study introduced adiponectin and leptin as indicator of MetS and obesity respectively.
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22. Liao YC, Liang KW, Lee WJ et al (2013). Leptin to adiponectin ratio as a useful predictor for cardiac syndrome X. Biomarkers, 18:44-50.
23. Yosaee S, Esteghamati A, Nasab MN et al (2016). Diet quality in obese/overweight individuals with/without metabolic syndrome compared to normal weight controls. Med J Islam Repub Iran, 30:376.
24. Yosaee S, Khodadost M, Esteghamati A et al (2017). Metabolic Syndrome Patients Have Lower Levels of Adropin When Compared With Healthy Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects. Am J Mens Health, 11:426-434.
25. Dehghan M, Merchant AT (2008). Is bioelectrical impedance accurate for use in large epidemiological studies? Nutr J, 7:26.
26. Aguilar-Salinas CA, García EG, Robles L, et al (2008). High adiponectin concentrations are associated with the metabolically healthy obese phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93:4075-4079.
27. Doumatey AP, Bentley AR, Zhou J et al (2012). Paradoxical hyperadiponectinemia is associated with the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype in African Americans. J Endocrinol Metab, 2:51-65.
28. Alfadda AA (2014). Circulating adipokines in healthy versus unhealthy overweight and obese subjects. Int J Endocrinol, 2014:170434.
29. Koster A, Stenholm S, Alley DE et al (2010). Body fat distribution and inflammation among obese older adults with and without metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring), 18:2354-2361.
30. Labruna G, Pasanisi F, Nardelli C et al (2011). High Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio and Serum Triglycerides Are Associated With an “At‐Risk” Phenotype in Young Severely Obese Patients. Obesity (Silver Spring), 19:1492-1496.
31. Finucane F, Luan J, Wareham N et al (2009). Correlation of the leptin: adiponectin ratio with measures of insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals. Diabetologia, 52:2345-2349.
32. Labruna G, Pasanisi F, Nardelli C et al (2009). UCP1 -3826 AG+GG genotypes, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin ratio in severe obesity. J Endocrinol Invest, 32:525-9.
33. García‐Jiménez S, Bernal Fernández G, Martínez Salazar MF et al (2015). Serum leptin is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese Mexican subjects. J Clin Lab Anal, 29:5-9.
34. Després JP, Golay A, Sjöström L (2005). Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia. N Engl J Med , 353:2121-2134.
35. Després J-P (2001). Drug treatment for obesity: we need more studies in men at higher risk of coronary events. BMJ, 322:1379-80.
2. Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ (2005). The metabolic syndrome. Lancet, 365:1415-1428.
3. Gronner M, Bosi P, Carvalho A et al (2011). Prevalence of metabolic syn-drome and its association with educa-tional inequalities among Brazilian adults: a population-based study. Braz J Med Biol Res, 44:713-719.
4. Riediger ND, Clara I (2011). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Canadi-an adult population. CMAJ, 183:E1127-34.
5. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH (2002). Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA, 287:356-359.
6. Gami AS, Witt BJ, Howard DE et al (2007). Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol, 49:403-414.
7. Alberti KGM, Zimmet P, Shaw J et al (2005). The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. Lancet, 366:1059-1062.
8. Hanley AJ, Karter AJ, Festa A et al (2002). Factor Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome Using Directly Measured Insulin Sensitivity The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes, 51:2642-7.
9. Bruun JM, Lihn AS, Verdich C et al (2003). Regulation of adiponectin by adipose tissue-derived cytokines: in vivo and in vitro investigations in humans. Am J Phys-iol Endocrinol Metab, 285:E527-E533.
10. Xydakis AM, Case CC, Jones PH et al (2004). Adiponectin, inflammation, and the expression of the metabolic syndrome in obese individuals: the impact of rapid weight loss through caloric restriction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89:2697-703.
11. Rasouli N, Kern PA (2008). Adipocytokines and the metabolic complications of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93(11 Suppl 1):S64-73.
12. Shetty GK, Economides PA, Horton ES et al (2004). Circulating adiponectin and resistin levels in relation to metabolic factors, inflammatory markers, and vascular reactivity in diabetic patients and subjects at risk for diabetes. Diabetes Care, 27:2450-7.
13. Kassi E, Pervanidou P, Kaltsas G, Chrousos G (2011). Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Med, 9:48.
14. Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Kihara S, Shimomura I (2004). Adiponectin and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24:29-33.
15. Mantzoros CS, Qu D, Frederich RC et al (1996). Activation of β3 adrenergic receptors suppresses leptin expression and mediates a leptin-independent inhibition of food intake in mice. Diabetes, 45:909-914.
16. Han SH, Quon MJ, Kim JA, Koh KK (2007). Adiponectin and cardiovascular disease: response to therapeutic interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol, 49:531-538.
17. Brooks NL, Moore KS, Clark RD et al (2007). Do low levels of circulating adiponectin represent a biomarker or just another risk factor for the metabolic syndrome? Diabetes Obes Metab, 9:246-258.
18. Özçelik E, Uslu S, Kebapçı N et al (2010). Interrelations of serum leptin levels with adrenocorticotropic hormone, basal cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev, 4:13-17.
19. Franks PW, Brage S, Luan JA et al (2005). Leptin predicts a worsening of the features of the metabolic syndrome independently of obesity. Obes Res, 13:1476-1484.
20. Zhuo Q, Wang Z, Fu P et al (2009). Comparison of adiponectin, leptin and leptin to adiponectin ratio as diagnostic marker for metabolic syndrome in older adults of Chinese major cities. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 84:27-33.
21. Jung C-H, Rhee E-J, Choi J-H et al (2010). The relationship of adiponectin/leptin ratio with homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index and metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy Korean male adults. Korean Diabetes J, 34:237-243.
22. Liao YC, Liang KW, Lee WJ et al (2013). Leptin to adiponectin ratio as a useful predictor for cardiac syndrome X. Biomarkers, 18:44-50.
23. Yosaee S, Esteghamati A, Nasab MN et al (2016). Diet quality in obese/overweight individuals with/without metabolic syndrome compared to normal weight controls. Med J Islam Repub Iran, 30:376.
24. Yosaee S, Khodadost M, Esteghamati A et al (2017). Metabolic Syndrome Patients Have Lower Levels of Adropin When Compared With Healthy Overweight/Obese and Lean Subjects. Am J Mens Health, 11:426-434.
25. Dehghan M, Merchant AT (2008). Is bioelectrical impedance accurate for use in large epidemiological studies? Nutr J, 7:26.
26. Aguilar-Salinas CA, García EG, Robles L, et al (2008). High adiponectin concentrations are associated with the metabolically healthy obese phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93:4075-4079.
27. Doumatey AP, Bentley AR, Zhou J et al (2012). Paradoxical hyperadiponectinemia is associated with the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype in African Americans. J Endocrinol Metab, 2:51-65.
28. Alfadda AA (2014). Circulating adipokines in healthy versus unhealthy overweight and obese subjects. Int J Endocrinol, 2014:170434.
29. Koster A, Stenholm S, Alley DE et al (2010). Body fat distribution and inflammation among obese older adults with and without metabolic syndrome. Obesity (Silver Spring), 18:2354-2361.
30. Labruna G, Pasanisi F, Nardelli C et al (2011). High Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio and Serum Triglycerides Are Associated With an “At‐Risk” Phenotype in Young Severely Obese Patients. Obesity (Silver Spring), 19:1492-1496.
31. Finucane F, Luan J, Wareham N et al (2009). Correlation of the leptin: adiponectin ratio with measures of insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals. Diabetologia, 52:2345-2349.
32. Labruna G, Pasanisi F, Nardelli C et al (2009). UCP1 -3826 AG+GG genotypes, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin ratio in severe obesity. J Endocrinol Invest, 32:525-9.
33. García‐Jiménez S, Bernal Fernández G, Martínez Salazar MF et al (2015). Serum leptin is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese Mexican subjects. J Clin Lab Anal, 29:5-9.
34. Després JP, Golay A, Sjöström L (2005). Effects of rimonabant on metabolic risk factors in overweight patients with dyslipidemia. N Engl J Med , 353:2121-2134.
35. Després J-P (2001). Drug treatment for obesity: we need more studies in men at higher risk of coronary events. BMJ, 322:1379-80.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 48 No 6 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v48i6.2921 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Leptin Adiponectin Metabolic syndrome Fat mass | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
YOSAEE S, KHODADOST M, ESTEGHAMATI A, R. SPEAKMAN J, DJAFARIAN K, BITARAFAN V, SHIDFAR F. Adiponectin: An Indicator for Metabolic Syndrome. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48(6):1106-1115.
