Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 6 2019 06 02 1106 1115 Somaye YOSAEE Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran AND Department of Nutrition, Emam Reza Teaching Hospital, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran Mahmoud KHODADOST Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran Alireza ESTEGHAMATI Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran John R. SPEAKMAN State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China AND Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK Kurosh DJAFARIAN Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Vida BITARAFAN Adelaide Medical School and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC), Center of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Farzad SHIDFAR Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 06 02 Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, consider as a manifestation of obesity. However, a proportion of obese patients do not develop MetS. The aim of our study was to determine whether concentration of plasma adiponectin and leptin differ between metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO) patients and comparable age- and sex-matched control groups. Methods: In this case-control study, we assigned 51 obese patients with MetS (MUO) in cases group and 102 metabolic healthy obese (MHO) and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects matched for age and gender to cases in control groups. The study was conducted between December 2014 and February 2016 in the Endocrinology Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.  We measured serum adiponectin, leptin, their ratio, and body composition in all subjects. Results: No significant differences were observed between MHO and MUO in term of total fat mass and trunk fat (P>0.05). Compared to MHO and normal weight metabolic healthy subjects, MUO subjects had lower levels of plasma adiponectin (P<0.001) and lower plasma adiponectin to leptin ratio (P<0.001) and a higher level of plasma leptin (P<0.002). A Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was used to identify the ability of adiponectin and leptin level to predict the MetS. The area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve was 0.66 (P<0.01), 0.73 (P<0.001) and 0.75 (P<0.001) for leptin, adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio levels respectively. Conclusion: Our study introduced adiponectin and leptin as indicator of MetS and obesity respectively.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17349 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17349/6416