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pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 14 No 1-4 (1985)
Articles
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In order to study the mosquito fauna of Iran, and to prepare the temporal as well as the spatial distribution of the Iranian mosquitoes, a comprehensive study has started since 1981. In this program in which more than 60.000 mosquito larvae, from different breeding sites has been studied, 15 species of Culex are reported. These are;Cx. arbieeni, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. deserticola, Cx. hortensis, Cx. laticinctus, Cx.mimeticus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx.pusillus, Cx. sinaiticus, Cx. sitiens, Cx. territans, Cx. theileri, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. univittatus. Culex antennatus Cx. impudicus, Cx. modestus. Cx. torrentium and Cx. vegans which have been reported previously by other workers form Iran have not been found. Since the report on Cx. torrentium and Cx. vegans from Iran has been based solely on larvae, their presence can not be regarded certain due to the great overlap of morphological characters with Cx. pipiens.
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The Purpose of this study was comparison of applicability of tertiary treatment of Tehran domestic sewage with organic and inorganic coagulants or a combination of them. The far test procedure was applied utilizing: alum, polyelectrolyte WT 2600, anionic Polyelectorlyte WT 3000, and nonionic polyelctrolyte WT 2690 as organic coagulants (products of Calgon). The combination of lime with each of the organic coagulants WT 2600 and WT 3000 was subsequently used in jar test analysis. The optimum pH and optimum dosage of each coagulant were determined, based on the removal of turbidity, COD, and suspended solids. The removal of various parameters including COD, and suspended solids, algal nutrients, metals, bacteria, alkalinity, turbidity, and color were assessed by applying of optimum dosage of each coagulant in an evaluation of final selection in physico- chemical treatment. Lime was considered the most suitable among the polyelectrolytes, but combination of lime and polyelectrolytes was comparatively ruled out.
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In this paper the histopathological observation of the migratory phase of schistosome larvae (schistosomulae) in the laboratory animal were studied. The first tissue samples were taken from the skin of infected animals 30 minutes after exposure to the cercariae and continued daily up to 40 days post infection. The tissue specimens were taken from skin, liver. Lung, lymph nodes, kidney, brain, bladder, spleen, and diaphragm of animals were autopsied for histopathological studies. On days 3-5 after infection the schistosomulae were found in the penetration sites of the skin, and pathological changes were studied. From 3 to 21 days post infection the schistosomulae in different stages of development were detected in the lung. The pathological changes in the liver in the early stages were minor, but cellular infiltration and pigment deposition gradually were increased. On days 30-40 post infection in schistosoma mansoni infections deposition of eggs and granolumatous lesions were noted in the liver. The tegumental changes of the schistosomulae duringthis period were studied by the scanning electron microscopy too.
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During 1981-83, propoxure residual spraying operations were discontinued and only extensive larviciding, using a mixture of fuel oil, gasoil or Abate larvicide, on a ten days interval basis, and sanitary improvements wetre used in different areas of the city for the control of mosquito breeding places. The results of the indoor adult mosquitoes and larval densities indicated that in the years 1981, 1982 and 1983 the density of A.stephensi (the domianant vector of malaria in the city of Bandar Abbas) were 0.2 P. falciparum and 79.8% P.vivax). Most of the cases detected during the last three years are considered relapse or imported cases. In general, these studies showed that, sanitation and larviciding in active and potential breeding places in Bandar Abass are able to keep down the density of adult and Larvae of Anophelinae mosquitoes and hence reducing malaria cases in town.
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To determine the prevalence of the musculoskeletal pain and its distribution by age, sex, and residential area in the province of Isphahan. A sample consisting of 3753 urban and 2917 rural inhabtants were examined by a qualified medical team. Our results indicate that the prevalence of the complaints for musculoskeletal pain increases with age to reach a maximum of 50% in those sixty years of age and more. In relation to sex and residential area, the overall prevalence rate was found to be higher in women by a factor of one and a half, and to be 1.7 times more prevalent among rural inhabitants when compared with the city dwellers.
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Sewage stabilization pond is recommended as one of the economical methods for sewage treatment particularly in dry areas of the world and those places which are in shortage of water and income deficit, this method can be used for treatment of sewage in rural areas, small towns and even large cities. Sewage stabilization pond system does not require technical equipment and specialists, and effluent may be used in agriculture, or may be discharged in receiving streams and lakes without any danger. In order to study the profitability and advantageous aspects of stabilization pond for treatment of sewage, the sewage plant of pouladshahr was taken into consideration. Pouladshahr sewage plant with total surface area of 149500 sq.m. and capacity of 288,850 cu.meters consists of 18 ponds which operate in 2 series. Detention time is 24 days and the organic load is 8.36 gr/m2/day. The average of BOD, COD and N, the three important parameters of sewage, were 104.2, 194 and 68 mg per liter in the influent, and 28, 58 and 14 mg per liter in the effluent of stabilization ponds respectively with 73, 70 and 71 percent decrease. Since all the tests have been made on non filtered effluent containing algae, this amount of decrease indicates the good efficiency of the stabilization ponds. The curve for monthly changes of dissolved oxygen indicates that usually the least amount of dissolved oxygen in the ponds is in the month of December and the greatest amount in July. From the economic point of view, the average cost of this sewage plant is 652.5 Rials per person as compared to 4000 Rials per person in activated sludge system.
