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pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 7 No 4 (1978)
Articles
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The biology of immature stages of S.sphegea and different techniques for their laboratory rearing has been studied during the past five years (1972-77). This fly is one of the 18 Iranian species of snail-killing flies which is dominant in the focus area of schistosomiasis (Khuzestan Province) in the south-west of Iran. The following procedures improved appreciably our laboratory rearin-technics and greatly reduced larval mortality: 1- Large number of fresh aquatic snails required for the progress of this study has been obtained at the entrances of the traditional under ground water canals (Ghanat) in Teheran. These canals are almost permanent sources of snails because their water temperatures are rather constant through out the year and the water is by far protected from the surface pollution. In other cases, fresh snail was brought from distant swamp and rice fields. Attempts to maintain and to rear live aquatic snails, in large container equipped with aeration pump were not successful due to infection with coli form bacteria. Although the infected snails did not show any biological ill symptoms, could cause heavy mortality among larvae of flies. 2- Fly larvae were reared in plastic container of 28×32 cm. containing 7 to 8 liters of water (7 to 8 cm.depth). Eight to 12 laboratory vials filled with water were placed vertically in several rows in each container to secure uniform distribution of both snails and fly larvae. Fresh and dried leaves of lettuce were used to feed the snails. 3- Dead snails and their shells were picked out by forceps and half of the volume of water of all containers was drained from the bottom by siphoning every two days. 4- The surface pollution of water in the containers, which caused high mortality in different stages of larval development, was removed every four to five days by strips of blotting paper. The oily missed pollution on the water-surface was mostly due to dead snails, rotten leaves of lettuce and to a lesser extend caused by air pollution. 5- Several floating sticks on the inner periphery of each container provided resting place mostly for full-grown larvae. Many of the third stage larvae used to craw1 out of the containers, and sometimes suffering more than 50% mortality. The average survival of newly borne larvae up to pupal stage in 4 cohort of 15 was 71.7, whereas the average survival of 24 hours-fed larvae on crushed snail prior to release, in 5 cohort reached to 84% (min. 66. 66, max. 100%). It is concluded that the feeding of newly borne larvae on crushed aquatic snails for 24 hours prior to release is advantageous, in case of biological based on the mass release of larvae of the above snail-killing fly.
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Although there have been reports of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in Isfahan, no study has been made of the parasite prevalence correlating infection rate. In a period of 2 years vaginal swabs of 769 females, of 15 to 47 years of age, coming to the Amin Teaching Medical Center, Isfahan University, for various reasons, were studied for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis. Of the total examined 175 (22.8%) were infected, 130 of which showed clinical symptoms of itching, vaginal discharge and/or vaginatis. Only 5 (4.8%) of 105 unmarried as compared with married were found infected. Out of 42 woman examined during menstruation period 15 (35%) were found infected, whereas out of 126 and 588 persons examined after and before the period, 65 (51.6%) and 91 (15.5) were found to be infected, respectively. Out of 13 pregnant woven 4 were infected with the number of offspings showing no influence on infection rate. However it is concluded that the prevalence of T.vaginalis, in unrandom sampled patients, is significant with clinical symptoms in most cases. But because of the large difference between unmarried and married rates, intercourse appears to be the major route of transmission.
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The distribution of haptoglobin types of Iranian living in Bandaranbas (n=1246) is reported. Hp1 gene frequencies reported in the literature for different populations in Iran are given. Comparison of the know Hp1 distribution patterns show that the present Hp1 frequency (0.266) is similar to other populations in Iran.
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From 22 May 1976 to 19 February 1977 out of 27742 patients which were referred to health and social welfare network of west Azerbaijan in Chonqralu (Field laboratory of school of public health and institute of public health research in health services development research project in Iran), 22693 (81.81%) simple cases were managed by the Behvarz (Female front line health worker), in nine health houses, and 5049 cases or 18.19% were referred to the physician in Chonqralu rural health center were referred to the hospital or specialized health centers. So with establishing of this kind of health and welfare network (using of health auxiliary worker) we will be able first to make primary health care services accessible and available to most of the people of the country especially in rural area, and secondly to decrease the load of health services system.
