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pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 26 No 1-2 (1997)
Articles
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14,849 affected cases of beta thalassemia have been registered in 1995 in all provinces of Iran. It is estimated that there are about three million carriers in Iran. The provincial distributions of the affected cases show that the highest incidence in 100 thousand individuals was in Mazandaran (71.29) and Gilan (57.61), respectively, both near the Caspian sea (north), followed by Hormozgan (50.22), Khouzestan (48.79) , Kohkiluyeh & Boyr-Ahmad (48.42), Fars (47 20) (south) and the lowest in the north eastern province , Khorassan (1.23) followed by east and west Azerbaijan (2.21 , 2.91) in the north west of Iran.
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Visceral leishmanisasis is endemic and zoonotic in several foci in Ardabil province, North West of Iran. The main objective of this study was to determine the natural promastigote infection of sand-flies in active seasons, during 1991-1995. Sand-flies were caught by sticky traps, aspirator and CDC light traps from indoors and outdoors. Altogether 2659 sandflies were dissected and identified. They included Ph. kandelakii, Ph. perfihiewi transcaucasicus, Ph. papatasi, Ph. jacusieli, Ph. caucasicus, Ph. sergenti , Adlerius subjenus, S. dentata and S. sintoni.1.09% of 547 Ph. perfihiewi transcaucasicus and 0.34% of 882 Ph. kandelakii were found with natural promastigote infection. Also several specimens of S. dentata and S. sintoni, from Germi district were with natural promastigote infection. This is the first report of natural promastigote infection in S. dentata in Iran.
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During the period of April to November 1994, an investigation was carried out on fauna of Phlebotominac in Ilam province, west of Iran. About 12000 sandflies were caught by sticky trap, light trap and aspirator from different ecological regions and were identified. These sandflies consist of 22 species (11 species from the genus Phlebotomus: Ph. paptasi, Ph.sergenti, Ph.alexandri, Ph.rnajor, Ph.tobbi, Ph.kandelakii, ph.perfiliewi. Ph.balcanicus and Ph.halepensis plus two new species of Phlebotomus and 11 species from the genus Sergentomyia: S. sintoni, S.dentata, S.antennata, S.theodori, S.mervynae, S.pawlowskyi, S.africana, S.clydei , S.tiberiadis , S.iranica and S.squatnipleurs). The two new species from genus Phlebotomus (Ph.nadimi and Ph.ilami) found in this study have been described in detail.
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En 1994, 125 carcases of camel (100 from Isfahan and 25 from Yazd) in slaughter - houses were studied for parasitic infections. Seventy percent of the camels were infected with hydatid cyst and half of the males (50%) had testicular filaria identified as Dipetalonema evansi. All the infected male camels except 3, demonstrated sheathed rnicrofilariae in their peripheral blood smears. Although some different helminths were identified in this survey, only hydatid cyst and Dipetalonema evansi, which were more prevalent, are discussed here. These animals are of unknown origin and are used for transportation between Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran border areas.
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In this study two identical anaerobic completely mixed fluidized bed reactors with GAC and sand media were employed for COD & phenol removal. At loading rate of 1.6 g phenol L-1d-1, the efficiency of phenol removal in GAC & sand reactors were 97.7% & 74%, respectively. At high loading rate of phenol (6.09 g phenol I: 1d1) the efficiency of phenol removal in GAC reactor was better than 95%. In GAC reactor, the main mechanism for phenol removal at steady state condition was biological process; this was concluded through balance of gas production and COD removal. Better efficiency of GAC reactor comparing with sand reactor was because of resistance to fluctuations, higher surface for biomass growth and adsorption capacity of activated carbon.
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An investigation was carried out on a young unrelated couple, both 29 years old, with two boys and three girls, 3 months to 8 years old. One boy and the mother were healthy, the other four children and the father were affected. The family, originally from the district of Nour, in northern Iran, near the Caspian Sea, was first counseled at the Genetic Clinic in Tehran in 1984. Several trips were made to the location in a period of five years, to examine this large family. The major anomalies in this family were brachyphalangia, elbow joint aplasia (humero - radial synostosis, 110 to 140°C), carpal/tarsal synostosis and talus/calcaneus fusion. All affected individuals present a fixation of the feet in supination position and because of partial synostosis (physis) of calcaneus and talus, walked on lateral side with the external cant of the foot. All deformities were studied by clinical examinations and radiological confirmations, on each affected individual.
