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pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 26 No 3-4 (1997)
Articles
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The purposes of this research have been to determine the wastewater quality of a typical railroad repair workshop and to find a way to reduce the concentrations of present contaminants especially oil and grease. The mean concentrations of oil, COD and SS in the wastewater studied were 287.69, 775.85 and 28723, respectively with average daily discharge to be 30-35 m3. Three successive treatment processes were used and the results showed the first stage was gravity flotation with 90 minutes retention time. Removal efficiencies achieved for COD, SS and oil were determined 43%, 49.4% and 55.5% respectively. The second stage of treatment was coagulation either lime or ferric chloride could be used for this purpose at PHs of 9 and 6. COD and oil removals by lime treatment were 76.6% and 84.4%. The final stage of treatment was DAF at 3 atmospheric pressure, by which 92.5%, 89.5%, 89.92% and 88% removals were achieved for oil, SS and COD, respectively.
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In the study carried out in the ghassreghand district (Baluchistan Iran) from March through November, 1995, a 2 site Sandwich Enzyme – Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA5) were used to identify Plasinodjum falciparum and P.vivax sporozoite infection in 6 Anopheles species which collected monthly indoor resting habitats of 13 villages by "Pyrethrum spray catch" procedure. EIISA tests on 9016 mosquitoes detected 1.5% (53 of 3510) of Anopheles cuIjcifàcies , 0.27% (14 of 5090) of An. stephensi , 3.5% (8 of 226) of An. pulcherrimus and 0.67% (1 of’ ~50) of An. dthali were positive for P. falciparum and P. vivax sporozojte. Positive ELISA results revealed, seasonal malaria transmission in this part of Baluchjstan is from April through early November, and anopheline sporozoite rate is negatively by correlated with anopheline indoor resting density. In addition, An. culicifacies is considered as the main, and the rest of Anopheles species are secondary vectors of malaria in this highly endemic district.
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We have studied the patients who had a neck mass on presentation in five medical centers of Tehran Univ. of Medical Sciences (Infectious Disease Department, ENT Department, Dentistry Faculty, Cancer Institute) during a period of 14 months. Sixty patients, 20 women and 40 men, were eligible for our study. All patients underwent clinical and paraclinical work up and finally had histologic diagnosis. The data were analyzed and results were as following %67 men, %33 women. Age distribution showed %10 patients under 16 year old (children), 45% between 16 and 35 years old (young adults) and %45 above 35 years old. The youngest patient was a two years old child and the oldest one was 80 years old man, cervical regions including preauricular, submandibular submental lateral and medial aspects of neck involvement in different age and sex groups were studied. The common involved areas in children group were submandibular and lateral neck masses. In young groups, submandibular, lateral and medial neck masses were also determined. In older ages and among men, the lateral neck masses were common, Meanwhile, the majority of medial neck masses were in women. The prevalent histologic diagnoses were respectively lymphoma, Goiter, metastatic tumors and abscess. Age and histologic diagnostic analyses showed the further incidence of hemangioma in children group (<16 y), abscess and goiter in young and metastatic tumors and lymphoma in older ages. Different etiologies were discussed in the paper.
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Vinca minor, Vinca major, Vinca variegata and Vinca rosea are different species of Vinca genus, of Apocynaceae family. In addition to ornamental applications, they are placed in the group of medicinal plants , because of the various alkaloids they possess. The purpose of this research was the investigation of the antileishmanial effects of the methanolic and crude extracts of leaves and stems of these four plant species on L.major promastigotes in vitro. The results showed that the methanolic extracts of all four species induced a significant decrease in the number of L.major promastigotes in different degrees and an increase in concentration and exposure time would destroy the parasites completely.
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In this research, air sampling of workplaces was carried out by two methods (long - time and short - time). The mean formaldehyde concentration with long - time method in pathology labs, surgery and endoscopy sections were 0.96 0.25 and 0.13 ppm and with short - time method, 8 hours, was 3, 0.3 and 0.2 ppm. The mean formaldehyde concentration in pathology labs was above the standard values (TLV - Ceiling = 0.3 ppm). In the long - time and short - time air sampling, the time of sampling was significantly effective on the concentration levels (P<0.05). Work practices and administrative procedures are important parts of a control system. If one is asked to perform a task in a certain manner to limit exposure to formaldehyde, it is extremely important that these procedures should be followed.
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Acute infectious gastroenteritis is one of the most common infectious diseases of humans in the world. Diarrhea is a significant cause of death in infants. It has been estimated that up to 15% of children in developing nations die of diarrhea before 3 years of age. This study has been carried out to investigate entheropathogenic bacteria from 558 specimens of children less than 5 years of age. The results were obtained as follow: 1-Anaerobic bacteria: Toxigenic (Clostridium difficile 2 cases (3.6 percent) (Associated with bacterial Toxins) and Enterotoxigenic clostridium per/linens, was not seen. 2- Microaerophilic bacteria: Cainpylobacterjejunj 8 cases (14.5 percent). 3- Facultative bacteria: Salmonella Typhimuriuni 4 cases (7.3 percent) and Salmonella havana 1 case (1.8 percent). Shigella dysenreriac 4 cases (7.3 percent); Shigella flexneri 8 cases (14.5 percent); Shigella boydii 1 case (1.8 percent) and Shigella sonnei 7 cases (12.7 percent). Escherichia coli 13 cases (23.6 percent). Yersinia enteroco/jtjca and Vibrio cho/erac were not seen, Aerornonas hydrophila 6 cases (10.9 percent) and Plesiomonas shigelloides 1 case (1.8 percent).
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In order to determine reaction of sandflies to the light trap, they were collected from the foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Meshkjn shahr and Germj during 1994. We used three C.D.C. light trap for collection of sandflies. Totally, two hundred and sixty three sand - flies were captured from Meshkin - shahr focus, belonging to the species of Phiebotomus kandeJaJcj (69.58%), Ph.ba/canicus(815%) Ph.perfJJiewi(114%) Ph.halpensjs (0.76%), Ph.papatasj (10.65%), Ph. caucasjcus (3.8%) and Ph.sergcntj (5.32%). From Gerim focus eighty seven sandflies were collected, They were Ph.perfih’ewj (96.55%), Serji~ento,nyja dentata (2.3%) and S.sintonj (1.15%). This study showed that, the female sandflies especially the empty ones were more attracted by light traps, where genus Sergentomyja was not as much positive phototaxis.
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Favism is an acute hemolytic anemia which occurs in people who have (G6PD deficiency. In Iran G6PD deficiency is prevalent in the coast of Caspian Sea. The main aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of Favism in Mazandaran province in north of Iran. Our main source of data was the tiles of patients’ who had been hospitalized in three different children’s hospital in different cities (Babolsar and Gorgan). Results showed that favism occurs in may which is the harvest time of broad beans in Mazandaran province. In Gorgan , favism occurs one week earlier than Babolsar. The ratio of male to female patients in the province was 2~:t, The majority of the patients were villagers. Approximately 70% of the patients were below 5 years old. The signs and symptoms would appear in the patients 1-3 day after eating broad beans. No significant relation was observed between blood groups and G6PD deficiency. No death was reported in the three cities.
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The Optimum dosage for field application bactimos (W.P.) was determined as 0.04g/m , when efficacy of four concentration of 0.01 , 0.02 , 0.04 and 0.08 gim2 were compared in 1 x I m2 artificial breeding sites. This dosage caused 69.8%, 55.6% and 43.6% anopheline and 83%, 47.8% and 29.7% culicine larval mortality, in 24.48% and 72 hrs post treatment, respectively. Abate and fuel oil were significantly more effective than hactimos (W.P) as they caused 100% , 99.7% and 87.2% anopheline and 100% , 93.5% and 87% culicine lavrval mortality , in 24 hr post treatment , respectivelly. In natural breeding sites Abate, fuel oil and Bactimos (W.P.) caused 100%, 98% and 69% anopheline and 99.9%, 99% and 79.3% culicine larval mortality, in 24 hr post treatment, respectively. The wettable powder formulation of Bactimos was not regarded as a suitable formulation for anopheline control in Southern Iran.
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The specific geographical situation of Iran places the country among the areas which encounter with deficiency of Iodine. Such deficiency induces some disorders which vary in different ages. Because of high risk of some of these disorders, iodine prophylaxis seems to be important. Some authors believe that the prevalence rate of Goiter and measurement of iodine in students can be the best way for evaluation of’ Goiter in the region. However, in this survey, 2400 students were studied, for such aim, in areas covered by Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. Out of these students, 240 urine samples were collected and analyzed, using standard procedure. The results indicated that the rate of Goiter decreased in the whole, was more prevalent among girls. On the other hands the level of Iodine was in normal range for the most of the collected urine samples. Briefly, the study indicated that iodated salt is getting its value in Iran.
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Altogether, 132 rodents of 4 species of Meriones persicus , Cricetulus migratorius, Mus muscri~ius and Allactaga dater were collected with live traps from different parts of Meshkin - shahr district from summer 1373 to autumn 1374. The purpose of this survey was to identify the parasitic fauna of rodents. Before dissection, the mammals were measured for biometric purposes. Babesia microti , seen in thin smear , were prepared from hearts’ blood in one of Meriones persicus, that was infected with Jxodidae ticks and showed local alopecia.This is the first report on the natural infection of a rodent with Babesia microti in Iran.
