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pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 27 No 1-2 (1998)
Articles
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Aging Coefficient (AC), or aged–child ratio, is the number of individuals aged 65 years and over, divided by the number of individuals aged 0-14, multiplied by 100. In this point–descriptive study, the aging coefficient has been calculated for the followers of four different religions, for the past four respective decades, according to sex and locality. Overall age composition in different religious groups, in a decreasing order is: Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians showed a slight decrease in the 80’s and a higher increase afterward. Moslems show a more consistent mode, but with a slight increase in the last decade; but in all cases AC has been lower than 15, presenting a higher proportion of a young population or lower aged group. The increase of AC in each group can be caused by the old age survival, i.e. increasing life expectancy, or decreasing birth rate
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This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of beta-cyfluthrin (Responsar 12.5% SC), against a standard susceptible strain of German cockroach, Blattella germanica, using three different dosages, at three different exposure times, on two types of surface, parlous (mosaic) and non parous (glassed ceramic of tiles). Comparison of the resifts indicated that beta-cyfluthrin at 12.5 a.i.mg/m2, has negligent residual activity on both mosaic and glazed ceramic tiles from one to two weeks. However at 25 a.i.mg/m2 (highest dosage), had the longest residual activity on mosaic, it was active for six, seven and nine weeks, while on glazed ceramic tiles the residual activity increased slightly to seven and nine and nine weeks, when the nymphac were exposed for 10, 15 and 20 min, respectively. These results of the bio-assay test indicate that 12.5 a.i.mg/m2 is too low for any residual spraying. Application of beta-cyfluthrin at a target dosage rate of 25 and 37.5 a.i.mg/m2 showed longer residual deposit effect than the earlier dosage. Hence these dosages could be recommended for light and heavy infested area, respectively. This study is also recommends a simple device for measuring the residual activity of insecticides against German cockroach either in laboratory or in the field conditions.
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Using data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-1984 of the Nutritional Centre for health statistics (NCHS), the heights, weights and arm circumferences of 217 Mexican – American children ranging from six to sixty months were examined to assess the influence of birth weight, parental stature, and economic status on the growth patterns of Mexican-American children living with both parents. Heights, weights, and arm circumferences were converted to standardized values of height-for-age, weight-for age, and arm circumference-for-age using norms developed for Anglo-American children. Correlation and contingency table and analysis were performed to test hypotheses concerning factors found associated with the stature of children in earlier studies. While relationships among childhood stature and birth weight, parental stature, and economic status were in the expected direction, few were statistically significant due to the small number of cases in the analyses. Definitive conclusions concerning these relationships require a much larger sample of families.
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In present work, genotoxicological effects of chemical pollution of an industrial region, on species of genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Mammalia), were studied. The two species were A.flavicolis and A.agrarius. In this study, chromosomal aberrations of bone marrow cells were analysed and were compared according to sex and different species in polluted and unpolluted (control) areas. Results showed that frequencies of chromosomal aberrations, including breaks, between two groups were statistically significant (P<0.005); and also sensitivity of two sexes and two species against chemical pollutant, were not significant.
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Trichuriasis is an intestinal parasitic disease which is caused by Trichuris trichiura, a soil transmitted helminth. In order to evaluate the iron status of trichuriasis in patients a total of 120 (49 males and 71 females) cases with Trichuris trichiura as well as 54 healthy individuals were evaluated. Blood samples were analyzed for serum iron, transferrin saturation percent, haemoglobin and other haematological indices. Anaemia based on haemoglobin level less than 13 mg/dI in males and less than 12 mg/dI in females were found in 10 (7 males and 3 females) patients. Of remaining 110 non anaemic patients 11% (14.3% of males and 8.8% in females) would be classified as iron deficient by serum iron and 6% by transferrin saturation percent. These findings suggest that serum iron and percent transferrin saturation are valid and sensitive tests for detecting iron deficiency in these patients; and T.trichiura infection is associated with high incidence of iron deficiency.
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This study was carried out on Phlebotomus kandelakii and Ph.perfiliewi, the probable vectors of visceral leishmaniosis in the north west of Iran during the summer of 1994. The results of the susceptibility test showed that the mortality rate with 60-min exposure to 4% DDT was 100% for each species, while with 30-min exposure the average mortality rates were 93.3% and 94.4% for P. Kandelakii and P.perfiliewi, respectively, indicating the sensitivity of the two probable vectors to DDT in Ardabil Province. The blood meals of 116 engorged sand-flies were collected from 3 villages of Meshkin-shahr County, including P.papatasi, P.caucasicus and P. kandelaki, and eighty one of them belonged to P. kandelakii. All of the blood meals were positive with human and 11.1% with dog antisera, indicating a strong preference to man.
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During our study (summer of 1994) twenty two Tatera indica were collected and two out of them (9.09%) were naturally infected with amastigote. Parasites were cultured in NNN+LIT medium and isolated promastigotes were sent to the Medical University of Montpellier in France for identification. The result of isoenzyme showed, the parasite was Leishmania major zymodem MON 26-(=LON 1), therefore Tatera Indica was known the main reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in the west of Iran. This is the first report on the isolation and identification of L.major zymodem MON 26-(=LON 1) from this species of rodent. In the meantime, Rhombomys opimus was absent in these areas.
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The API 20E technique for identification of E.coli was evaluated and the results compared with those obtained by the conventional biochemical tests recommended in Report 71. The results obtained showed very close correlation between the two methods. A total of 196 (81.6%) out of 240 isolates were identified as E.coli by API. System, while the conventional method identified only 194 (80.8%). Therefore the recommended tests in Report 71, which are based on very small number of data was found to be acceptable for the identification of E.coli. The results also showed that, all the colonies showing the typical green metallic sheen on EMB agar are not always E.coli, although all the E.coli showed typical green metallic sheen colonies on EMB agar.
