2023 Impact Factor: 1.3
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pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 27 No 3-4 (1998)
Articles
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Prevalence of coagulopathies (n=6010) including factor VIII deficient (haemophilia A) individuals (n=3205) were investigated and analysed in 24 provinces of Iran. For all coagulopathies, the prevalence (per 100,000) was the highest with 24.45 in Semnan (north east of Iran), followed by Hamadan (west) with 17.56, the lowest was observed in Kordestan (west) as 0.88, followed by Kohkiluyeh & Boyr-Ahmad (centre) and Esfahan (centre) as 1.20 and 1.32, respectively. For haemophilia A, the highest was observed also in Semnan as 14.19, followed by Hamadan as 9.81. The lowest was observed in Hormozgan (south east) as 0.17, followed by Kohkiluyeh & Boyr-Ahmad as 0.20. The analyses showed that a higher prevalence exited above a hypothetical geographical centre line, from west to east of Iran; a lower prevalence was observed below the line.
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Penfluridol, a neuroleptic drug, considerably reversed halofantrine resistance in T9.96HF halofantrine resistant strain of Plasmodium falicparum (originally chloroquine sensitive parasites), but not in K1HF halofantrine resistant strain (originally chloroquine resistant parasites)
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In this survey 45 carnivores including 14 Jackals, 23 stray dogs, 2 foxes, 2 domestic cats, 1 wild cat, 2 swine and 1 wolf were collected. On post-mortem examination, 84% carcases were infected and 13 zoonotic helminth species were recovered. Dirofilaria immitis was the most commonly parasite and Toxocara canis showed the highest intensity of infection. One species from swine and two helminth species from wolf were reported for the first time in Iran.
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A new medium, termed Ecol was developed for the detection and enumeration of E. coli. The selective properties of Ecol medium for the detection of E.coli from mixed culture in wastewater was tested and compared with conventional coliform media at 37°C and 44°C. Results clearly showed that ECOL medium was enable to direct confirmation of E.coli to be carried out by the indole reaction. The results indicated that this was an excellent single step medium for E.coli enumeration by the most probable number procedure.
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It was shown that permethrin resistance in adult Anopheles stephensi is due to at least three separate mechanisms. Cytochrome P-450s and esterases are responsible for two-thirds of the 8-fold enhanced tolerance of the DUB-APR resistant strain as compared with a sensitive strain, IND-S. It was postulated that target site insensitivity is also involved. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a neurophysiological study with the thoracic nerves of adult female An.stephensi under perfusion with saline. Spontaneous neural activity was recorded with saline alone and in the presence of permethrin. There was no change in the frequency of spontaneous firing dose of 10-3Molar perethrin rapidly produced a 3-fold increase in firing rate in the susceptible strain. In contrast, the resistant strain did not respond to this concentration. In a cumulative dose assay, the susceptible strain responded to the lowest concentration of permethrin (10-3 Molar), but the resistant strain required a much higher dose (10-8- 10+-7 molar) to produce the same rise in frequency of actin potentials. This strongly suggests that nerve insensitivity contributes to permethrin resistance in this mosquito.
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Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) regulate tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins involved in several aspects of cellular functions. Enzyme activities of the PTPases in cytosolic and particulate fractions of rat ascites hepatoma cell lines were determined and compared with those of normal rat liver. Our present data revealed that although there was no neoplatic-specific alteration of the PTPase activity in examined hepatomas, the activity in particulate fractions of island type of hepatomas was remarkably decreased compared with either rat liver or free type hepatomas.
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Trasal-contact method test using glass petri-dish rather than the conventional glass jar was used to evaluate the permethrin toxicity and synergism effect of piperonal butoxode (PBO) on nymphae of five strains of Blattella germanica (L.). The test was carried out on 2-3 days old of first nympal stage, at four replicates of 10 cockroaches. The susceptible strain showed T50 and KT50 of 12.81 and 8.41 min, respectively. The order of resistance for all strains were GIR>BOY1>BOY2>FAY>SUS. The wild strains showed resistance ratios varied over a range from 4.2 to 6.45 folds for mortality tests and 17 to 23.24 folds for knock-down tests. Both methods of tests showed similar pattern of susceptibility in the wild strains. Comparison of the resistance ratios for mortality and knock-down tests revealed that knock-down test has always showing higher resistance ratio than the mortality test. Toxicity of permethrin alone or with the synergist at different ratios on the susceptible and resistant strains showed that the PBO has modified the response of the wild and susceptible strains to permethrin. The result indicated that increasing the amounts of synergist form 1 to 3 ratios in presence of insecticide effectively will increase the mortalities, compared with permethrin alone. The 1:3 ratio completely eliminates the resistance in the wild strains, indicating that PBO could inhibit the activity of mixed-function oxidases as a major metabolic pathway in the resistant strains.
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STUDY ON SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL IN HOSPITALS AND HEALTA CARE CENTERS OF TEHRAN PROVINCEThe main objective of this investigation was to achieve a clear pattern of solid waste collection and disposal in selected hospital and health care establishments in certain cities of Tehran province. This study was done in more than 82 percent of all hospitals with 3017 beds during the year 1996. Solid waste produced per bed was evaluated to be 2.87 kg per day which was 8670 kg per day, for all beds, comprising less than 1% of the total solid waste generated in the same cities during the same period. According to the information gathered in the 84.2% hospitals and health care centres, solid wastes were collected manually by labourers from various sections. Detention time of the waste in 89.5% of the cases was nearly 24 h. Densities of this type of waste were estimated to be 193.18kg/m3 with plastic bag and 247.72 kg/m3 without bag. Physical analysis of the wastes indicated 15.1% plastic and rubbery, 9.6% linen, 12.45% paper and cardboard, 8.5% various types of metals, 1.7% glass and 52.4% other different materials. In Iran, hospital administrations are directly responsible for collection transport and ultimate disposal of hospital wastes. Incinerators installed in 21.1% of the clinical centres, were not operating at all. Overall conclusion is that, solid wastes collection transportation and disposal in Tehran district is not satisfactory, according to the health and management criteria.
