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pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 20 No 1-4 (1991)
Articles
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To find the quantity and quality of wastewaters of the two main industrial units of Khoy city in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran, namely the Slaughterhouse and the Totia Chocolate Factory, ten composite samples were taken in 112 hour intervals between 3.5 and 7.5 A.M. (4 hours working shift) from the Slaughterhouse and between 7.5 A.M. and 2 P.M from the Totia Chocolate Factory (8hours working shift). The analyses were done according to the latest (1985) edition of the Standard Methods. The results showed that water consumption rates of the Slaughterhouse and the Chocolate Factory were 29m3 and 31. Sm3, respectively, whereas the means of their wastewater flow rate per hour were 5.9m3 and 2.9m3, discharged directly into the Ghator River and its branches. The means of the fat substances, settleable solids, BOD5 and COD of the slaughter livestock in one working shift was 1451 mg/1. Comparing per capita per day BOD production of humans, reported to be 54 gram per day, we find that the BOD production of humans, reported to be 54 gram per day we find that BOD population equivalent of the Slaughterhouse waste was equivalent to BOD of 770 persons.
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A clinical study was made on epileptic patients in the diagnostic department of the Tehran School of Dentistry. The results showed that not all of the epileptic patients who are under control with phenytoin develop hyperplasia, and those who do not care about their oral health and hygiene will be afflicted by hyperplasia of gum. On the basis of patients, records gingival hyperplasia in most patients begins to appear 3-4 months after using the drug for the first time, progressing fully after 1.5-2 years. The dosage of the drug may have a role in the extent of the lesion. And it seems that young patients are at a higher risk.
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IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND ENERGY AND NUIRIENT INTAKES IN 14-18 YEAR OLD HIGH SCHOOL GIRLS IN TEHRAN
The purpose of this study was evaluation of iron status as well as protein and iron intakes in 14-18 year old girls in high schools in the south of Tehran. A total of 268 girls were chosen at random for a dietary survey using the 24-hr dietary recall method and the biochemical tests were made on 109 of the girls. The results indicate that: compared with the WHO standards, hemoglobin in 0.9%, hematocrit in 2.8% and MCHC in 13.8% of the girls were lower than the respective standards, and TJBC in 33.9% of the girls was high. Altogether, 86.6% of the girls had a low energy intake, 45% a low protein intake and 52% a low iron intake. A low intake of iron, mostly of plant origin, with its low bioavailability, is the most important factors in iron deficiency anemia in these girls.
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Since most of the studies on chemical compounds of dermatophytes have shown the existence of a relationship between their pathogenisity and proteolytec enzymes. Activities of 19 different enzymes in viable mycelia and cytoplasmic extracts of T.rubrum (CETr), T.mentagrophytes (CETm) and T.verrucosum (CETv) were investigated by the API-Zym System. The results showed that Viable mycelia of T.rubrm and T.mentagrophytes had valine arylamidase and cystine arylamidase activity where as no such activity was observed in CETr and CETm or in the viable mycelia and cytoplasmic extracts of T.verrucosum. Also the viable mycelia of T.rubrum showed α-mannosidase activity; gowever this enzyme was not detected in CETr, but was active in both the viable mycelia and CETv and CETm. Finally, only in viable mycelia and CETv and CETm was lipase (C14) activity observed. Furthermore none of the viable mycelia of these three species showed any α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-fucosidase,β-glucoronidase, trypsin or chymotrypsin activity.
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The current study investigated the types of accidents and their effects among 0-14 year old children during the months of Ordibehesht-Mordad of 1990 in Tabriz, Iran. A total of 717 patients were randomly selected from the patients admitted at two hospitals. A questionnaire was used to interview the subjects or their family members present at the hospital. Results indicated that automobile accidents were most common among 5-9 year old children, while burns, cuts, and amputation of fingers more frequently occurred among 1-4 year old children. The end result of these injuries was mostly broken or deformed limbs, cuts, and even death. %3.9 of the children died at the hospital.
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Studies on the biting behavior of the more common species of anophelines were carried out in Ghasreghand, Chabahar (Sistan & Baluchistan province) from May 1990 to March 1991, in which outdoor human and animal (cattle) biting collections were made between 18.00 hr and 5.00 hr in a total of 13 rounds. In addition, blood smears from anophelines captured in pyrethrum space-spray catches of human and animal shelters, light traps and pit shelters were used for the determination of anthropophilic index, using ELISA test. The outdoor man biting rate of An. pulcherrimus and An. culicifacies ranged between 0 to 2 and 0 to 6, respectively. The outdoor cattle biting rates of An pulcherrimus and An. culicifacies were found ranging from S to 119 and o to 42. An. pulcherrimus showed one peak of activity in early fall, while An. culicifacies had two peaks, one in May and the other in September. Almost 75% of the biting activity of An. pulcherrimus was found to occur before midnight, whereas this was only 64% for An. Culicifacies. Out of the total of 357 blood smears of An. Pulcherrimus, 1083 of An. Culicifacies and 51 of An. dthali, captured in different habitats, 1.12%, 4.9% and 3.92% reacted with human antisera, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the anthropophilic index of An. culicifacies and the cow/man ratio.
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The effect of some ecological factors on the survival of Trichophyton violaceum T.mentagrophytes and M. gypseum was studied. Three types of sterile soil, weakly alkaline (pH =7.9).neutral (pH=7.1) and acid (pH =5.6), and two conditions of wet and dry environments at different temperatures (-8, +8, + 1s, +3O, i~445 were examined. After 4, 10,15,30,60, and 90 days the survival of these fungi were studied. Survival was best in weakly alkaline soil, dry or wet conditions, at temperature below 30c although M. gypseum could resist 44c in a dry condition for more than 90 days. The present study showed that the type of soil is the determinative factor for survival and distribution of these fungi.
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A total of 68385 live pin-worm eggs from adhesive scotch tape were exposed to different detergent powders in under to compare method of detergent washing clothes with the boiling method for the control of family enterobiasis. Results show that: a) 80.4-100 percent of eggs are destroyed after hatching within 6-8 hours of exposure to 0.25 gr% detergent at 10-250C. Exposure for less than 6 hours had no noticeable effect, but after 8 hours the maximum effect was observed; exposure for more than 8 hours was not any more beneficial. The egg destruction depended on the type of the detergent and concentration of the solution b) A solution of lg% detergent at 50-55 0C results in %100 egg destruction by exploding the egg’s shell in 30-45 minutes. Method “a’ is suitable for traditional washing at room temperature, while method “b” can only be used in cases where a washing machine equipped with a temperature regulating system is available at home.
