2023 Impact Factor: 1.3
2023 CiteScore: 2.2
pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 23 No 1-4 (1994)
Articles
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Up flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors have been increasingly used for industrial wastewater treatment. Because of existing problems in startup step of these reactors, in this research the startup of a UASB in pilot scale and room temperature condition was studied. The total height of UASB reactor was 270 cm and effective height was 240 cm. Diameter of the reactor in lower part was 20 cm (reaction zone) and 40 cm in upper part (solid-gas-liquid separator) five sampling ports with interval of 32 cm were provided and the effective volume of the reactor was 100 liters. Septic tank digested sludge and cow manure were used for the seeding of UASB reactor. In the startup step of the reactor, volumetric loading was increased step by step. After 155 days granule formation was observed and after 215 days of the study the removal rate increased to 4.62 kg COD/m/ day. More than 98% of soluble COD removal was achieved in lower 160 cm of reactor.
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In this study 74 stray dogs including 39 females and 35 males with cooperation of dog killing team of municipality were killed, examined macroscopically and microscopically in Kerman city from 1992 to 1993. Taenia hydatigena was the most prevalent helminth observed in 57 dogs (77%), Dipylidium caninum in 13 dogs (17.6%), Echinococcus granulosus in 5 dogs (6.8%) and Toxocara canis in one dog (1.4%). In general 34 female dogs (87.2%) and 28 male dogs (80%) were infected. There was no significant difference between dogs in regards to the sexes or age groups. The overall prevalence of infection was 83.8% for one or more species of intestinal helminthes, while only 16.2% were negative. Mixed infections were observed in 14 dogs (18.9%) mainly between T.hydatigena with D.caninum or with E.granulosus.
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A Total of 332 birds including 149 sparrows, 147 doves and 36 pigeons were examined for Toxoplasma infection by both direct agglutination for detecting antibodies to Toxoplasma and direct parasitological test to detect the cyst of Toxoplasma in the brain of birds. The Toxoplasma sero-positive rate (SPR) in the examined birds was 10.5 percent (27 cases) with titers of 1:40 or higher and SPR in each group tested were 17 percent in sparrow; 5.1 percent in doves and 2.8 percent in pigeons. The SPR between sparrows and doves and also between sparrows and pigeons were significantly different (P<0.01 and P<0.005, respectively). A Total of 1.2 percent (4 cases) of Toxoplasma cyst were isolated from 332 examined birds; two percent from sparrows, 0.7 percent from doves and none from the examined pigeons. In one case Toxoplasma was isolated from a seronegative sparrow and the rest were isolated from the sero-negative sparrow and the rest were isolated from the sero-positive birds. The relatively high prevalence of Toxoplasma in studied birds, which could act as a source of human and animal infection and also a long term preservation of parasites, is considerably important.
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The overall objectives of this study have been, 1). To review the existing literature in order to evaluate observations of significant quantifiable health erects on population exposed through occupation or nearby residence, or as consumers, to the irrigation of crops with raw wastewater of Firouz Abad canal in irrigation crops for more than 30 years. 2) To determine the effects of heavy metals (Cd, Pd.Cr , Ni, Hg, Zn) in soil and plants irrigated by the wastewater of Firouz Abad canal. The following conclusing were obtained from these research. The maximum and minimum levels of cadmium, zinc in the earth’s depth from zero to 20 centimeter by accuracy of 99% were 1.5-0.8, 8.68-5.51, 2-6- 1.4, 218.5-93.46 respectively. The concentration of cadmium in the 100 g mixed dry vegetables (1000 g mixed wet vegetables) was less than 45% of tolerable intake of Cadmium for on adult, i.e., 57-71 ug/day. This concentration of Cd and other heavy metals mentioned above are not harmful to human beings according to FAO and WHO criteria.
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Survivorship of the immature stage of Anopheles culicifacies in Damar District were studied through sampling larval and pupal stages from stream bed pools and rice fields during May and August 1993. The duration of each larval instar and the pupal stage was also determined in the laboratory for preparing the survivorship curves and the construction of the life tables. Mortality from egg to adult stage was estimated as 86% and 78% in stream bed pools and rice fields, respectively. The highest mortality rate in stream bed pools occurred in 4th instar larvae (61%), whereas in rice fields the highest mortality rate was observed in pupal stage (45%). Expectation of life for the newly emerged larvae in stream bed pools and rice fields were estimated 6.04 and 7.04 days, respectively. The density and fauna of predators were richer in stream bed pools as compared to that of rice fields.
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This study was conducted for detection of common superficial and cutaneous mycoses in nurseries and schools of Mahallat during September 1989 to June 1990. A Total of 9884 individuals (under 18 years of age) were both clinically observed and tested by laboratory. 5.6% were positive to mycotic infections and from those the rate of infection for pityrosporosis, tinea versicolor and dermatophytosis were 42.7%, 12.6% and 1.8% respectively. Trichomycosis axillaries and erythrasma (although their etiologic agents are bacteria) were diagnosed with a rate of 42.4% and 0.5% respectively. Superficial mycoses were most common in 12-18 age groups and dermatophytosis was most common in 6-9 age groups.
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In this survey, with the main objective of studying final effluent treat ability of Pars Paper Industries, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the effluent were firstly determined, which showed a min. and max. Rate of 1350 and 1800 m3/hr, with 1400 mg/l and 839.5 mg/l respectively for COD and TSS, as the main contaminants. Also COD and TSS population equivalents were calculated about 620,000, respectively. At the second step, the effluent treat ability by coagulation was investigated and the average COD and TSS removal percentage and residues were: 84.5%, 88.8%, (165 and 81 mg/1) using 1g/l lime; 80%, 84%, (1575 and 89 mg/l) using 100 mg/l alum at opt. PH=5.3; and 86.5%, 90.25%, (144 and 80.6 mg/l) using Fe Cl3 at opt. pH= 4.1. In this way, lime may be chosen regarding its economic feasibility and the coagulation process effluent may be reused in irrigation.
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Fungal infections most commonly occur as complications in immunocompromised patients especially in patients with haematologic malignancies. Fifty two leukaemic patients (29 All, 22 AML, 1CML) examined for fungal infections. The majority of those patients had fever of undetermined origin, profound leucopenia and had been under treatment of cytotoxics, corticosteroids and antibiotics for prolonged period of time. The study group consisted of 29 males and 23 females and ranged in age from 4 months to 55 years. Diagnosis was established by demonstration of fungus in direct and cultural examinations. In the present study one case of pulmonary aspergillosis due to Aspergillus flavus associated with candidiasis due to Candida albicans, one case of pulmonary mucoromycosis due to Mucor sp. Associated with candidaenia due to C.tropicalis, one case of pulmonary geotrichosis due to Geotrichum candidum, one case fungaemia due to Rhodotorula rubra associated with an undetermined black yeast, two cases of pulmonary candidiasis due to C.albicans and C.tropicalis were observed. C.albicans was the most frequent fungal invader in this study and pulmonary mucoromycosis and geotrichosis are reported for the first time from Iran.
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For better understanding of Tehran ground water, samples were taken randomly from 340 out of 655 deep & semi deep wells in 1993, which dug by Tehran Water Supply and Sewage Engineering Company. 260 Water specimens were examined chemically and physically and compared with the 1993 World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) criteria and analyzed statistically. Logarithmic diagram of arithmetic mean of 53 deep wells which are now connected to Tehran water supply system showed Sodium- Sulphate category. Main chemical components of water are closely adjusted to the international standards and no overdoses were observed in any cases. Logarithmic diagram of arithmetic mean of 72 deep wells, which were rsed for the Tehran’s orbital town's drinking water, showed that chemical components of the water were Calcic-Chloride category and there were not observed any increases within the other compounds.
