2023 Impact Factor: 1.3
2023 CiteScore: 2.2
pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 1 No 1 (1972)
Articles
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With the success achieved in the interruption of the transmission of bilharziasis by snail control in most endemic areas of Iran, mass-chemotherapy has been used extensively for reducing the number of cases in various villages. Niridazol was chosen for this purpose after a screening of several drugs. Eight thousand eight .l1undred seventy-four cases in 259 localities were treated from 1966 to the present time. The side-effects encountered were generally mild. This extensive mass-treatment has resulted in a reduction of the prevalence of infection below 10% in the majority of villages in all foci. The overall reduction in the positively rate was 92.2% in 100 villages where transmission had been stopped and 64.4% in 14 villages where transmission had not been stopped. The results of follow-up examinations revealed that only 3 and 2.1% of treated cases, respectively, were still passing viable eggs 3 and 6 months after therapy. The success achieved in this area, in spite of vast programs of irrigation development, is proof that with the schistosomicidal drugs now avails.
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A series of DDT irritability tests with adult A. maculipennis typicus and A. superpictus were carried out in the Isfahan area in August-September, 1970. The observations on irritability were measured in accordance with the WHO method arid the natural populations of anopheline mosquitoes were used. The tests were carried out in a light intensity of approximately 8 foot candles. The engorged mosquitoes were captured in various villages that had not been treated with DDT since 1964. Note was taken of the number of take-off by anopheline mosquitoes from the impregnated filter paper during a period of 15 minutes. The temperature of the testing room was approximately 25°C.-27°C and the tests were carried out between 9 a.m. and 2 p.m. It was noted that there was a great difference in the average number of take-offs between the control mosquitoes and the mosquitoes exposed to DDT. The average number of take-offs for A. maculipennis exposed to 2% DDT was observed to be between 17.1 and 21, and for 4% DDT, between 25.95 and 26.8; for A. superpictus exposed to 2% DDT, it was between 17.8 and 21. The average number of take-cm-s, for the control group was between zero and one. The levels of irritability for the strains of A.maculipennis and A. superpictus were about the same with no statistically significant difference in irritability for 2% DDT. However, significant difference in irritability was observed with A. maculipennis exposed to 2% and 4% DDT.
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Regarding the importance of rice fields, as the main mosquito breeding places, use of chemical larvicides has been under consideration in Malaria Eradication Programs. In this trial, OMS 786 was used, to study the method and cost of application of this larvicide in the rice fields. Two form of larvicides (1% sand granule, and 50% E.C.) were used in four formulations. (10 and 15 kg. of 1% S.G./hectar, 100 and 150 ml. of 50% E.C./hectar).The density of Anopheline and Culex larvae were checked before application, and also in specific intervals after application, in different plots, and were compared with control. The results of the trial shows, that OMS 786 (especially in E.C. form) can successfully be used in the rice fie1ds to eliminate the mosquito activities in the problem areas. The trial also shows that the cost of operation (especially for 50% E.C.) is less than other methods.
