2023 Impact Factor: 1.3
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pISSN: 2251-6085
eISSN: 2251-6093
Chairman & Editor-in-Chief:
Dariush D. Farhud, MD, Ph.D., MG.
This journal is a member of, and subscribes to the principles of, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 
Vol 1 No 2 (1972)
Articles
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In spite of all the progress and achievements in the establish meat and development of health services in the world to date there is still a great and urgent need for new system of delivery of health and medical care particularly in developing counties. Until now universities and medical institutions have been training high level professional personnel for delivery of hospital based Medicaid care. But the health services needed in the country can not be met only through hospitals. In many parts of the world these services have evolved as a result of educational and research activities of the schools of Public health. Generally speaking the curriculum of the schools of medicine for the orientation of their graduates in social and preventive medicine looks adequate. Unfortunately this is true only in theory. In practice this has never been achieved, because of the attention of these units, (both from the standpoint of administration and management as well as objectives and operational support) has been always concentrated to hospital teaching.
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The prevalence of various intestinal helminthiasis have been determined by the examination of 8109 inhabitants of 20 villages located in the mountainous and coastal regions of the Bandar Abbas and Minab areas in southern Iran. A portion of people infected with each parasite were treated with the appropriate drug I and the worms expelled were collected, identified and counted. The results indicate that the prevalence of most helminthiasis is rather low in all areas expect for hookworm, which was as high as 65 % in the coastal area of Minab, Trichostrongylus spp. Which had a prevalence of 88.2% and 41% in the coastal and mountainous areas of Minab, and H. nana which had prevalence higher than 20% in most villages? The mass-treatment of cases indicated that 89% of the inhabitants are infected with E. vermicularis. Ninety-seven percent of the hookworms found were Ancylostoma doudenale with a mean worm burden of 20.2, the species of Trichostrongylus found were T. Problurus, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus and T. axei. About 6% of the infected cases in the Bandar Abbas and 30% in the Minab areas had mixed infection (with two or more parasites). The prevalence of the infections found in these two areas is compared with results obtained from surveys in other parts of the country.
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From October, 1964, a large-scale Malathion trial was carried out in the Bandar Abbas area which covered 435 villages with a population of 138,570. Until April, 1966, five rounds of Malathion 2 gm/m2, were performed. From 1967, the lowland area was sprayed with two rounds of Malathion (March, August) and the highlands with two rounds of Malathion (April, August) and two rounds of DDT (Jume, October).The main Vectors of the area are An. stephensi mysorensis (resistant to DDT and DLD) followed by An. fluviatilis and An. dthali (predominantly in fie highlands).The results of entomological and parasitological evolution up to ]969 were as follows: in lowland areas, S rounds of Malathion spraying are able to control the predominant vector-An. Stephensi - and keep its density insignificant. In highland areas, due to the exophilic and exophagic tendency of the predominant vectors - An. fluviatilis and An. dthali - as well as outdoor sleeping habits of the local population, the complete interruption of transmission of malaria has not been achieved. The Annual Parasite Incidence (API) in lowland areas, which was 42.9 per thousand in 1965, came down to 2.2 per thousand in 1969.In highland areas, the API was reduced from 59.8 per thousand inn 1965 to 11 per thousand in 1969.
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The significance and impact of the arthropods and other vectors, as diseases transmitting agents and human pests, on human health need not to be over emphasized. The Increasing changes of the total environment, accompanied with the climates in the ecology of vectors have made such impact a more complex and dynamic one. To meet the problems caused by these changes, a quantitative and qualitative knowledge of vector characteristics such as, presence or absence, species, densities, distribution and dispersal biting habit, infection rate, etc. are necessary. This information should be available on local, region, national and international basis. In the present paper, various aspects of such intonation system (surveillance) including network, personnel, methods etc., are reviewed in general. Examples from Iranian experiences in the cases of malaria vectors sandfiles, fleas and snails are also presented and illustrated.
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Twenty to twenty-five years ago, the Community Mental Health Center (CHMC), had scarcely been heard of. Today, it is indeed a movement, and apparently widespread. A total of ten services considered to be necessary to provide adequate mental health services: (1) in patient, (2) out-patient, (3) partial hospitalization, (4) emergency, (5) consultation, (6) diagn1ostic, (7) rehabilitative, (8) precare and aftercare, (9) training, (10) research and evaluation services. This Concept of Community Mental Health would include as many community agents as possible in co-operative efforts. To the average educated layman, and, unfortunately to most mental health practitioners the community mental health care has become synonymous with the provision of mere psycho-therapy. The community mental health center has not succeeded in becoming inductor of catalytic agent in the growth of its patients, nor has it become significantly involved with the community as a scrcla1 system. These are grim facts. But new hope has begun to appear. It is contained in four revolutions now under way – revolutions in understanding, in research, in nu1ternal and child care and in education for mental health.
