Original Article

Frequency of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Species Identification in Suspected Individuals from Golestan Province, Northern Iran in 2014

Abstract

Background: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In recent years, incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis has increasing trend in Golestan Province, North of Iran. The aim of the present study was to identify the frequency of cutaneous leishmaniasis using PCR-RFLP in patients referred to Kalaleh Health Center, during 2013-14.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 individuals with suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis that referred to health center of Kalaleh County, Golestan Province,  Northern Iran, from Sep 2013 to Nov 2014. Samples of cutaneous lesions were examined microscopically. DNA was extracted from all of the positive smears and PCR was done on ITS-1 gene. RFLP was performed using HaeIII enzyme for species identification.

Results: Totally, 38 out of the 70 (54.3%) suspected individuals including 22 males (57.9%) were found positive by microscopic examination. All of microscopically positive samples were confirmed to be positive for Leishmania DNA (approximately 340 bp bands were detected). RFLP revealed 140 bp and 200 bp bands (approximate size), indicative of L. major.

Conclusion: The detected species of studied region was L. major. Cutaneous leishmaniasis has high prevalence in Kalaleh County, thus more studies on leishmaniasis in the animal reservoirs, comparison of homology of animal and human isolates and a survey regarding natural infection of vectors in this region is highly recommended.

 

Nadim A, Javadian E, Mohebali M, A ZM (2008). Leishmania Parasite and leishmaniasis. 3rd ed. Tehran University Publication Center, Tehran.

Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Hamzavi Y, Mobedi I, Arshi S, Zarei Z, Akhoundi B, Naeini KM, Avizeh R, Fakhar M (2005). Epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Vet Parasitol, 129(3-4):243-251.

Leishmaniases WECotCot, Meeting WECotCotL, Organization WH (1990). Control of the Leishmaniases: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. ed. World Health Organization.

Ardehali S RH, Nadim A (1994). Leishmania parasite and leishmaniosis. 2nd ed. Academic Publication Center, Tehran, Iran.

Berman J (1997). Human leishmaniasis: clinical, diagnostic, and chemotherapeutic developments in the last 10 years. Clin In-fect Dis, 24(4):684-703.

Al-Jawabreh A, Schoenian G, Hamarsheh O, Presber W (2006). Clinical diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a comparison study between standardized graded direct microscopy and ITS1-PCR of Giemsa-stained smears. Acta Trop, 99(1):55-61.

Marques MJ, Volpini ÂC, Machado-Coelho GL, Machado-Pinto J, da Costa CA, Mayrink W, Genaro O, Romanha AJ (2006). Comparison of polymerase chain reaction with other laboratory methods for the diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis by polymerase chain reaction. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 54(1):37-43.

Sofizadeh A. Study on vectors and reservoir hosts of cutaneous leishmaniasis by using molecular methods in kalaleh district, Golestan province [MS thesis]. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Med-ical Sciences, Iran; 2007. [In Persian]

Mesgarian F, Rahbarian N, Hajaran H, Shahbaz F, Mesgarian Z, Taghipour N (2010). Identification of Leishmania species isolated from human cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Gonbad-e-Qabus city using a PCR method during 2006-2007. Teharn Univ Med J , 68(4): 250-6. [In Persian]

Sofizadeh A GA, Gorganli Davaji A , Gharemeshk Gharavi A (2015). Epidemiological Status of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Ecological Characteristics of Sandflies in Maraveh-Tapeh County, Golestan Province, 2011-2012, Iran. Qom Univ Med J, 41(6): 53-65. [Text in Persian]

Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989). Molecular cloning. 2nd ed. Cold spring harbor laboratory press New York.

Rafati N, Shapori-Moghadam A, Ghorbani R (2004). Epidemiological survey of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Damghan (1999-2005). J Semnan Univ Med Sci, 2(1):247-53.

Karami M, Doudi M, Setorki M (2013). Assessing epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Isfahan, Iran. J Vector Borne Dis, 50(1):30-7.

Abbasi AE, Ghanbary M, Kazem NK (2004). The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gorgan (1998-2001). Ann Med Health Sci Res, 2(1):275-8.

Hajjaran H, Vasigheh F, Mohebali M, Rezaei S, Mamishi S, Charedar S (2011). Direct diagnosis of Leishmania species on serosity materials punctured from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients using PCR‐RFLP. J Clin Lab Anal, 25(1):20-24.

Doroodgar A, Mahbobi S, Nemetian M, Sayyah M, Doroodgar M (2009). An epidemiological study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kashan (2007-2008). Koomesh, 10(3):177-184. [In persian]

WHO Expert Committee on the Control of the Leishmaniases (2010). First WHO report on neglected tropical diseases: working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases. In: First WHO report on neglected tropical diseases: Working to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases. Ed(s): WHO.

Yaghoobi-Ershadi M, Zahraei-Ramazani A, Akhavan A, Jalali-Zand A, Abdoli H, Nadim A (2005). Rodent control operations against zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in rural Iran. Ann Saudi Med, 25(4):309-312.

Kazemi-Rad E, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Rezaei S, Mamishi S (2008). Diagnosis and characterization of Leishmania species in Giemsa-stained slides by PCR-RFLP. Iran J Public Health, 37(1):54-60.

Dweik A, Schönian G, Mosleh I, Karanis P (2007). Evaluation of PCR-RFLP (based on ITS-1 and Hae III) for the detection of Leishmania species, using Greek canine isolates and Jordanian clinical material. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 101(50):399-407.

Dilmec F, Matur A, Alhan E, Uzun S, Karakas M, Alabaz D, Aksoy N, Akkafa F, Aksaray F, Memisoglu H (2008). Investigation of Leishmania parasites from clinical samples using polymerase chain reaction technique in Cukurova Region, Turkey. J Harran Univ Med Fac, 5(1):10-4.

Files
IssueVol 45 No 10 (2016) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
Keywords
Leishmania major ITS-1 Cutaneous leishmaniasis Iran
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
HEZARI F, NIYYATI M, SEYYED TABAEI SJ, MOHEBALI M, MOIN VAZIRI V, BEHNIAFAR H, AZARGASHB E, TAGHIPOUR N. Frequency of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Species Identification in Suspected Individuals from Golestan Province, Northern Iran in 2014. Iran J Public Health. 2016;45(10):1348-1354.