Factors Associated with Physical Activity among Macedonian Adolescents in Albanian Ethnic Community
,
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of demographic, psychological, social and environmental factors with physical activity and to determine whether indicators of physical activity differ by gender among Macedonian adolescents from Albanian ethnic community from 11 to 14 yr (N = 886).
Methods: Research were conducted in 2014 in several primary schools randomly selected from Tetovo and Gostivar region of the R. Macedonia. Students completed a questionnaire which examined their level of participation in physical activity and sedentary behavior along with a number of potential correlates. Hierarchical regression was used to explore the relationship between hypothesised factors and physical activity.
Results: The boys unlike the girls showed significantly higher levels of physical activity (P=0.001). Respondents of both genders who perceive greater benefits from the physical activity (P=0.010). They have more confidence in their abilities (P=0.001), enjoy more in the physical activities (P=0.016), perceive greater social support from friends (P=0.008) and parents (P=0.001) and have higher levels of physical activity.
Conclusions: The results indicate the importance of developing a national plan and program to promote physical activity in order to help young people to change unhealthy lifestyle habits and increase the physical activity, thus improving their health.
World Health Organization (2010). Global rec-om¬mendations on physical activity for health.
British Heart Foundation (2004). Couch kids: the continuing epidemic. London: British Heart Foun¬dation.
Ekeland E, Heian F, Hagen KB, Abbott J, Nord¬heim L (2004). Exercise to improve selfesteem in chil¬dren and young people (Cochrane review). In The Cochrane Li-brary, Issue 2. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telama R, Yang X (2000). Decline of physi-cal ac¬tivity from youth to young adult-hood in Fin¬land. Med Sci Sports Ex-erc, 32(9): 1617-1622.
Sallis JF, Prochaska JJ, Taylor WC (2000). A re¬view of correlates of physical activity of chil¬dren and adolescents. Med Sci Sports Ex¬erc, 32(5):963-75.
Sallis JF, Simons-Morton BG, Stone EJ et al. (1992). Determinants of physical activity and interventions in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24(6 Suppl), S248-S257.
Gontarev S (2008). The Influence of Some, Envi¬ronment, Psycho-social and Demo-graphic fac¬tors on Physical Activity among Students be¬tween the Ages of 15 and 18. Unpublished doctoral disserta-tion, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Physical Edu¬cation, Sport and Health, Skopje, Macedonia.
Redjepi A, Gonatarev S, Petrov L, Dami-janovska M, Kalac R (2014). The Influ-ence of Some Psycho-social Factors on Physical Activity among Female Students between the Ages of 11 and 14. SOP Transactions on Psychology, 1(2): 35-41.
Gordon-Larsen P, McMurray RG, Popkin BM (1999). Adolescent physical activity and inac¬tivity vary by ethnicity: The Na-tional Longitu¬dinal Study of Adolescent Health. J Pedi¬atr, 135(3): 301-306.
Kowalski KC, Crocker PR, Faulkner RA (1997). Validation of the physical activity questionnaire for older children. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 9(2): 174-186.
Currie C, Samdal O, Boyce W, Smith B (Eds.) (2002). Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: a World Health Organization Cross-National Study. Research Protocol for the 2001/02 Sur¬vey. Edinburgh: Child and Adolescent Health Research Unit, University of Edinburgh.
Inchley J, Kirby J, Currie C (2008). Physical Activity in Scottish Schoolchildren (PASS) Pro-ject: Physical activity among adolescents in Scotland: final report of the PASS study. Child and Adoles¬cent Health Re-search Unit: The University of Edin-burgh.
Garcia AW, Pender NJ, Antonakos CL, Ro-nis DL (1998). Changes in physical activi-ty beliefs and behaviors of boys and girls across the transi¬tion to junior high school. J Adolesc Health, 22(5): 394-402.
Marsh HW (1990). Self-Description Questionnaire 1 (SDQ1) Manual. Sydney: University of West¬ern Australia.
Prochaska JJ, Rodgers MW, Sallis JF (2002). As¬sociation of parent and peer support with ado¬lescent physical activity. Res Q Exerc Sport, 73(2): 206-210.
Ammouri AA, Kaur H, Neuberger GB, Gajewski B, Choi WS (2007). Correlates of exercise par¬ticipation in adoles-cents. Public Health Nurs, 24(2): 111-120.
Higgins JW, Gaul C, Gibbons S, Van Gyn G (2003). Factors influencing physical activity levels among Canadian youth. Can J Public Health, 94(1): 45–51.
Vilhjalmsson R, Thorlindsson T (1998). Fac-tors related to physical activity: a study of adoles¬cents. Soc Sci Med, 47(5): 665-675.
Wu TY (1999). Determinants of physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents: An application of the health promotion model. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Iannotti RJ, Sallis JF, Chen R, Broyles SL, Elder JP, Nader PR (2005).Prospective analyses of relationships between mothers’ and children’s physical activity. J Phys Activ Health, 2(1): 16-34.
Anderssen N, Wold B (1992). Parental and peer influences on leisure-time physical activity in young adolescents. Res Q Exerc Sport, 63(4): 341-348.
Stamatakis E (2005). Chapter 4: Physical Activity. In: C Bromley, K Sproston N. Shelton (Eds.), The Scottish Health Survey 2003. Volume 3: Children. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.
Duncan SC, Duncan TE, Strycker LA, Chaumeton NR (2004). A multilevel ap-proach to youth physical activity re-search. Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 32(3): 95-99.
Moore LL, Lombardi DA, White MJ, Campbell JL, Oliveria SA, Ellison RC (1991). Influence of parents' physical ac-tivity levels on activity levels of young children. J Pediatr, 118(2): 215-219.
Kantomaa MT, Tammelin TH, Näyhä S, Taanila AM (2007). Adolescents' physical activity in re¬lation to family income and parents' educa¬tion. Prev Med, 44(5): 410-415.
Zakarian JM, Hovell MF, Hofstetter CR, Sal-lis JF, Keating KJ (1994). Correlates of vigorous ex¬ercise in a predominantly low SES and minor¬ity high school popula-tion. Prev Med, 23(3): 314-321.
Ferguson KJ, Yesalis CE, Pomrehn PR, Kirkpat¬rick MB (1989). Attitudes, knowledge, and be¬liefs as predictors of exercise intent and behav¬ior in school-children. J Sch Health, 59(3): 112-115.
Crocker PR, Bouffard M, Gessaroli ME (1995). Measuring enjoyment in youth sport settings: A confirmatory factor analysis of the Physical Activity Enjoy-ment Scale. J Sport Exerc Psycho, 17(2): 200–205.
Scanlan TK, Simons JP (1992). The construct of sport enjoyment. In G.C. Roberts (Ed.), Motivation in sport and exercise (pp. 199-215). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Rowland TW, Freedson PS (1994). Physical activ¬ity, fitness, and health in children: a close look. Pediatrics, 93(4): 669-672.
Wallhead TL, Buckworth J (2004). The Role of Physical Educationin the Promotionof Youth Physical Activity. Quest, 56(3): 285-301.
Markus S (2006). Motivaatioilmaston yhteys yhdeksäsluokkalaisten fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen ja viihtymiseen koulun liikuntatunneilla. [The relationship of motivational climate to physical activity intensity and enjoyment within ninth grade pupils in school physical education lessons].Studies in Sport, Physical Education and Health.
Bandura A (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: Freeman.
Motl RW, Dishman RK, Saunders RP, Dowda M, Pate RR (2007). Perceptions of physical and social environment varia-bles and self-efficacy as correlates of self-reported physical activity among adoles-cent girls. J Pediatr Psychol, 32(1): 6-12.
Pis MB (2006). Physical activity, social support, selfefficacy, and self-definition in adolescents: correlational cross-sectional comparative study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Wu TY, Jwo JL (2005). A prospective study on changes of cognitions, interpersonal influ¬ences, and physical activity in Tai-wanese youth. Res Q Exerc Sport., 76(1): 1-10.
Stucky-Ropp RC, DiLorenzo TM (1993). Determinants of exercise in children. Prev Med, 22(6): 880-889.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 45 No 4 (2016) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Adolescent Physical activity Sedentary Barriers Self-efficacy Social support | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
