A cross-sectional analysis of the association between hypertension and kidney stone in population aged 35–70 years old in Hoveyzeh cohort study in southwest Iran

relationship between hypertension and kidney stone

Abstract

Introduction: Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, mentions to crystal calculi in the upper urinary tract, which can causes several problems, including hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between hypertension and kidney stones and its associated risk factors.

Material and Methods: This Population-based cross-sectional study conducted on 10,009 individuals, aged 35–70 years in using the baseline data of Hoveyzeh cohort study in southwest Iran. For data collection, a checklist containing demographic information and the history of underlying diseases was used. Kidney stone history was self-reported and verified with the doctor by medical records. The analysis of variances, chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was defined as P-values less than 0.05. STATA version 14 was used for all analyses.

Results: the result from current study confirmed a significant association between hypertension and kidney stone disease (P <0.001(. This relationship is independent of some confounding factors such as age, ethnicity, education, occupation, smoke, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, creatinine and BUN. However, a significant association was observed between kidney stone with gender (P <0.001(, and obesity (P = 0.001).

Conclusion: In this study, a significant association exists between the occurrence of kidney stone and hypertension as well as gender and obesity. Despite some previous studies which reported age, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, smoking and high social economic status are a risk factors for development of kidney stone; however, in our study, we did not find those to be associated with kidney stone.