The Prevalence and Predictive Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Based on Health-Related Fitness Components in Omani Adolescents with Obesity
-
Alghafri Yasir Salim
,
Fariba Hossein Abadi
,
Nurul Fadhilah Abdullah
,
Al Kitani Mahfoodha
,
Norhazira Abdul Rahim
Abstract
Background: Significant linear trends indicate that rising adolescent obesity rates will increase the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated health risks. We aimed to initially determine the prevalence of MetS among adolescents (aged 13-16 yr) with obesity in the South Al Batinah governorate in Oman (n=3404) based on data collected in 2024. Then to predict the risk factors of MetS criteria based on health-related fitness (HRF) components to identify the most significant risk factors among them (n= 512, with BMIile% ≥95%).
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the MetS prevalence. MetS criteria and HRF components were measured to examine key risk factors. Then, the predictive value of HRF variables for MetS incidence was assessed using multiple regression analysis.
Results: The descriptive results from screening adolescents with obesity indicated that 10.7% of them exhibited MetS. A notable correlation between fast blood glucose (FBG) and cardiorespiratory fitness; CRF (r=0.28, P=0.001), waist circumference; WC (r=0.39, P<0.0001), and BMI (r=0.46, P<0.0001) were revealed. There was a robust correlation between blood pressure; BP and CRF (r=0.19, P=0.025), WC (r=0.24, P=0.007), and BMI (r=0.43, P<0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant model for the high FBG prediction using the HRF variables, while the models predicted for BP were not significant.
Conclusion: Significant correlation between HRF level and MetS criteria revealed that field-based tests HRF components, can be used to recognize MetS criteria among adolescents with obesity.
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27. Tebar WR, Ritti-Dias RM, Farah BQ, et al (2018). High blood pressure and its relationship to adiposity in a school-aged population: body mass index vs waist circumference. Hypertens Res, 41 (2):135-140.
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29. Kränkel N, Bahls M, Van Craenenbroeck EM, et al (2019). Exercise training to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: How does it work? Eur J Prev Cardiol, 26 (7): 701-708.
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31. Shalabi K, AlSharif Z, Alrowaishd S, et al (2023). Relationship between body mass index and health-related physical fitness: a cross-sectional study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 27 (20): 9540-9549.
2. Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al (2009). Harmonizing the Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation, 120:1640-1645.
3. Silveira Rossi JL, Barbalho SM, Reverete de Araujo R, et al (2022). Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors. Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 38 (3): e3502.
4. Saeed W, Al-Habori M, Saif-Ali R, Al-Eryani E (2020). Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes Among Yemeni School-Aged Children. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 13:2563-2572.
5. El-Aty MA, Mabry R, Morsi M, et al (2014). Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: Secondary analysis of the World Health Survey, Oman. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J, 14 (4): e460-467.
6. Yousif JH, Khan FR, Zia K, Saadi NA (2021). Analytical Data Review to Determine the Factors Impacting Risk of Diabetes in North Al-Batinah Region, Oman. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18 (10): 5323.
7. Ampofo AG, Boateng EB (2020). Beyond 2020: Modelling obesity and diabetes prevalence. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 167:108362.
8. Kaminsky LA, Arena R, Ellingsen Ø, et al (2019). Cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease - The past, present, and future. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 62 (2): 86-93.
9. Delextrat A, Hayes L, Al Ghannami SS, et al (2019). Physical fitness characteristics of Omani primary school children according to body mass index. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 59 (3):440-448
10. Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Vaara JP, Vasankari T, et al (2020). Muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with health-related quality of life among young adult men. BMC Public Health, 20 (1):842.
11. Wei R, Ogden CL, Parsons VL, et al (2020). A method for calculating BMI z-scores and percentiles above the 95th percentile of the CDC growth charts. Ann Hum Biol, 47 (6): 514-521.
12. Siwarom S, Aekplakorn W, Pirojsakul K, et al (2021). Metabolic syndrome in Thai adolescents and associated factors: the Thai National Health Examination Survey V (NHES V). BMC Public Health, 21 (1):678.
13. Kidokoro T, Edamoto K (2021). Improvements in Physical Fitness are Associated with Favorable Changes in Blood Lipid Concentrations in Children. J Sports Sci Med, 20 (3): 404-412.
14. Kolimechkov S, Petrov L, Alexandrova A, et al (2018). BeepShuttle Junior: Software for the Administration of the 20m Shuttle Run Test in Children and Adolescents. J adv sport technol, 2 (2):35-40.
15. Bitew ZW, Alemu A, Ayele EG, et al (2020). Metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr, 12:93.
16. Al-Saadi A, Al Yahiaee L, Ahmed E, et al (2023). Obesity and lifestyle behaviours among in-school children in Oman. East Mediterr Health J, 29 (9): 716-724.
17. Dejavitte RAS, Enes CC, Nucci LB (2020). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in overweight and obese adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 33 (2): 233-239.
18. Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Lontchi-Yimagou E, et al (2022). Global, regional, and country estimates of metabolic syndrome burden in children and adolescents in 2020: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 6(3):158-170.
19. Moreno Velásquez I, Jaeschke L, Steinbrecher A, et al (2022). Association of general and abdominal adiposity with postural changes in systolic blood pressure: results from the NAKO pretest and MetScan studies. Hypertens Res, 45 (12): 1964-1976.
20. Wang R, Liu X, Liu L, et al (2025). Cardi-orespiratory fitness in the population with different glucose metabolic status-es: low cardiorespiratory fitness increas-es the risk of early abnormal glucose metabolism. Minerva Endocrinol (Torino), 50(1):61-71.
21. Wilkinson TJ, Yates T, Baker LA, et al (2022). Sarcopenic obesity and the risk of hospitalization or death from coronavirus disease 2019: findings from UK Biobank. JCSM Rapid Commun, 5:3-9.
22. Diaz EC, Weber JL, Adams SH, et al (2021). Cardiorespiratory Fitness Associates with Blood Pressure and Metabolic Health of Children-The Arkansas Active Kids Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 53 (11): 2225-2232.
23. Brand C, Sehn AP, Fochesatto CF, et al (2022). Body fat percentage, cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial blood pressure in children and adolescents: a longitudinal analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 22 (1): 267.
24. Tawfeek H (2002). Relationship between waist circumference and blood pressure among the population in Baghdad, Iraq. Food Nutr Bull, 23 (4): 402-406.
25. Farideh S, Kajbafi M, Saki A, et al (2015). The Relationship between Waist Circumference and Serum Adiponectin Levels, Dietary Intake and Blood Pressure in Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Women. J Obes Metab Res, 2 (2): 97.
26. Pazin DC, da Luz Kaestner TL, Olandoski M, et al (2020). Association Between Abdominal Waist Circumference and Blood Pressure In Brazilian Adolescents With Normal Body Mass Index: Waist circumference and blood pressure in Adolescents. Glob Heart, 15 (1):27.
27. Tebar WR, Ritti-Dias RM, Farah BQ, et al (2018). High blood pressure and its relationship to adiposity in a school-aged population: body mass index vs waist circumference. Hypertens Res, 41 (2):135-140.
28. Díez-Fernández A, Sánchez-López M, Nieto JA, et al (2017). Relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and blood pressure in young adults: a mediation analysis of body composition. Hypertens Res, 40 (5): 511-515.
29. Kränkel N, Bahls M, Van Craenenbroeck EM, et al (2019). Exercise training to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: How does it work? Eur J Prev Cardiol, 26 (7): 701-708.
30. Chang K-V, Hung C-Y, Li C-M, et al (2015). Reduced Flexibility Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Community-Dwelling Elders. PLoS One, 10 (1): e0117167.
31. Shalabi K, AlSharif Z, Alrowaishd S, et al (2023). Relationship between body mass index and health-related physical fitness: a cross-sectional study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 27 (20): 9540-9549.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 54 No 5 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v54i5.18637 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Metabolic syndrome Muscle strength Cardiovascular fitness Body mass index Adolescent Oman Health-related fitness | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Yasir Salim A, Hossein Abadi F, Abdullah N, Mahfoodha AK, Abdul Rahim N. The Prevalence and Predictive Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Based on Health-Related Fitness Components in Omani Adolescents with Obesity. Iran J Public Health. 2025;54(5):1024-1033.
