Original Article

Clinical Presentation and WES Analysis of a Large Iranian Pedigree in Five Successive Generation Affected to Sever Multiple Synostosis 2 (SYNS2, Farhud Type)

Abstract

Background: Brucellosis is one of the common diseases between humans and animals. We aimed to assess the annual incidence rate, the geographical distribution of Malta fever using GIS and its time trend.

Methods: This was an ecology study carried out in exploratory mixed design. The study population was the individuals with brucellosis in Iran during the years 2009-2018. Data analysis has been done using Joinpoint regression analysis and GIS at a significant level of α = 0.05.

Results: The average annual incidence rate of the disease rate was 19.91 per one hundred thousand people. The trend of the changes in the incidence between 2009 and 2018 has increased and the Annual Average Percent Change increased by 4.6%. However, a joinpoint was observed in 2014 and the incidence has changed significantly at this point in time, so that the annual incidence of the disease has increased more strongly between 2009 and 2014 (APC=17.1%) and then from 2014 to 2018, the incidence of the disease has decrease (APC=-9.2%). The spatial distribution showed that the western and northwestern provinces have high incidence rate, but the northern and southern provinces have low incidence rate.

Conclusion: The incidence of brucellosis in Iran is higher than in developed countries and similar to developing countries. Ten-year trend of disease incidence increased slightly, but it has decreased in recent years. It is necessary to improve the surveillance system and increase facilities for prevention and treatment in the high-risk areas including the west and northwest of Iran.

1. Kamal S, Hashemi S, Nasaji M, et al (2009). Frequency of reported cases of brucellosis to province health center from public and private sectors in Semnan 2006-2007. Koomesh, 10 (2).
2. Mohammadian-Khoshnoud M, Sadeghifar M, Cheraghi Z, et al (2021). Predicting the incidence of brucellosis in Western Iran using Markov switching model. BMC Res Notes, 14 (1):79.
3. Lai S, Zhou H, Xiong W, et al (2017). Changing epidemiology of human brucellosis, China, 1955–2014. Emerg Infect Dis, 23 (2):184-194.
4. Mollalo A, Alimohammadi A, Khoshabi M (2014). Spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of human brucellosis in Iran. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 108 (11):721-728.
5. Mostafavi E, Asmand M (2012). Trend of brucellosis in Iran from 1991 to 2008. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology, 8 (1):93-100.
6. Pakzad I, Hosseinzadehgan H, Abtahi H, et al (2013). Human brucellosis in Iran: Incidence, complication, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 7 (2):1177-1188.
7. Mirnejad R, Jazi FM, Mostafaei S, Sedighi M (2017). Epidemiology of brucellosis in Iran: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis study. Microb Pathog, 109:239-247.
8. Olfatifar M, Hosseini SM, Shokri P, et al (2020). How to improve the human brucellosis surveillance system in Kurdistan Province, Iran: reduce the delay in the diagnosis time. Epidemiol Health, 42: e2020058.
9. Mirnejad R, Jazi FM, Mostafaei S, et al (2017). Epidemiology of brucellosis in Iran: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis study. Microb Pathog, 109:239-247.
10. Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TL (2008). Modern epidemiology. ed. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia.
11. Morgenstern H (1995). Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Annu Rev Public Health, 16:61-81.
12. Worldbank. databank (2022). Explore. Create. Share: Development Data. https://databank.worldbank.org/
13. Dragomirescu I, Llorca J, Gómez-Acebo I, et al (2019). A join point regression analysis of trends in mortality due to osteoporosis in Spain. Sci Rep, 9 (1):4264.
14. Pordanjani SR, Kavousi A, Mirbagheri B, et al (2021). Geographical pathology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Iran with evaluation of incidence trends of this disease using Joinpoint regression analysis. Arch Iran Med, 24 (3):224-232.
15. Alipour A, Zarghami M, Pordanjani SR, et al (2022). Spatial distribution and temporal trend of drug-related deaths in the Islamic Republic of Iran during 2014–2017. East Mediterr Health J, 28 (10):758-767.
16. Pakzad R, Pakzad I, Safiri S, et al (2018). Spatiotemporal analysis of brucellosis incidence in Iran from 2011 to 2014 using GIS. Int J Infect Dis, 67:129-136.
17. Shirzadi MR, Mohammadi P, Moradi G, et al (2021). The incidence and geographical distribution of brucellosis in Iran using geographic information system and prediction of its incidence in 2021. J Prev Med Hyg, 62 (3):E635-E634.
18. Pappas G, Papadimitriou P, Akritidis N, et al (2006). The new global map of human brucellosis. Lancet Infect Dis, 6 (2):91-99.
19. Dean AS, Crump L, Greter H, et al (2012). Global burden of human brucellosis: a systematic review of disease frequency. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6 (10):e1865.
20. Khalilian M-S, Ramazanpour J, Hosseini SM, et al (2021). Trends of human brucellosis in Central Iran (2010–2018). J Res Med Sci, 26:55.
21. Abdi M, Mirzaei R, Lohrasbi V, Zamani K (2020). Zagros Mountains: a region in Iran with extremely high incidence of Brucellosis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 41 (3):380-382.
22. Karimi S, Fallah S, Olfatifar M, et al (2020). Spatiotemporal analysis of brucellosis cases in Golestan province from 2015 to 2017 years using Geographic Information System. Journal of Zoonotic Diseases, 4 (1):17-27.
23. Hotez PJ, Savioli L, Fenwick A (2012). Neglected tropical diseases of the Middle East and North Africa: review of their prevalence, distribution, and opportunities for control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6 (2):e1475.
24. Khazaei Z, Goodarzi E, Naemi H, et al (2020). COVID-19 pandemic in the world and its relation to human development index: a global study. Arch Clin Infect Dis, 15(5):e103093.
25. Khazaei S, Shojaeian M, Zamani R, et al (2016). Epidemiology and risk factors of childhood brucellosis in West of Iran. Int J Pediatr, 4 (7):2099-2104.
26. Corbel MJ (2006). Brucellosis in humans and animals. ed. World Health Organization.
27. Esmaeili H (2014). Brucellosis in Islamic republic of Iran. J Med Bacteriol, 3 (3-4):47-57.
28. Honarvar B, Moghadami M, Lankarani K, et al (2017). Brucellosis as a neglected disease in a neglected population: a seroepidemiological study of migratory nomads in the Fars province of Iran. Epidemiol Infect, 145 (3):491-497.
29. Franc K, Krecek R, Häsler B, et al (2018). Brucellosis remains a neglected disease in the developing world: a call for interdisciplinary action. BMC Public Health, 18 (1):125.
Files
IssueVol 53 No 6 (2024) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i6.15912
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Farhud DD, Zarif-Yeganeh M, Arian H, Kashi M, Rezaee T. Clinical Presentation and WES Analysis of a Large Iranian Pedigree in Five Successive Generation Affected to Sever Multiple Synostosis 2 (SYNS2, Farhud Type). Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(6):1381-1393.