Perioperative Nursing in Strabismus Surgery: A Narrative Review
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Abstract
Background: Perioperative care plays an unparalleled role in the management of strabismus. However, there is still a lack of adequate understanding of the perioperative care and guidelines on nursing measures for strabismus surgery. This article provides a comprehensive review of perioperative care for strabismus, focusing on psychological intervention and rehabilitative nursing.
Methods: To comprehensively collect research related to perioperative nursing, we employed a systematic literature retrieval strategy. The databases searched included PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WanFang, and VIP (Weipu). We read, summarized and review the literatures obtained from databases.
Results: We summarized the conclusions in the retained literature and elaborated from two aspects: Psychological intervention and Rehabilitation Nursing. Psychological intervention can be carried out from the following aspects: cognitive behavior intervention, psychological and emotional intervention, social support intervention. Perioperative rehabilitation can be carried out from the following aspects: postoperative nausea and vomiting management, prevention of postoperative infection, visual care, preventing recurrent strabismus post-surgery, avoiding diplopia.
Conclusion: Comprehensive perioperative care for patients with strabismus can alleviate negative emotions, improve psychological status, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, and enhance patients' quality of life. However, further research is still needed to establish detailed intervention strategies for comprehensive care.
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2. Papalia GF, Mangano G, Diaz Balzani LA, et al (2022). Strabismus and postural con-trol: a systematic review. Musculoskelet Surg, 106(4):345-356.
3. Mocan M C, Pastapur A, Kaufman L (2022). Etiology-based strabismus classification scheme for pediatricians. Turk J Pediatr, 64(2):332-340.
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9. Wang Y, Xu M, Yu H, et al (2020). Health-related quality of life correlated with the clinical severity of intermittent exo-tropia in children. Eye (Lond), 34(2):400-407.
10. Hatt SR, Leske DA, Liebermann L, et al (2016). Symptoms in Children with In-termittent Exotropia and Their Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life. Stra-bismus, 24(4):139-145.
11. Lloyd M E, Wang F M, Wasserman B N, et al (2020). Management Issues in Adult Strabismus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabis-mus, 57(3):140-143.
12. Szigiato AA, Caldwell M, Buys YM, et al (2019). Population trends in adult stra-bismus surgery. Can J Ophthalmol, 54(4):501-508.
13. Olitsky SE, Sudesh S, Graziano A, et al (1999). The negative psychosocial im-pact of strabismus in adults. J AAPOS, 3(4):209-211.
14. Jackson S, Harrad R A, Morris M, et al (2006). The psychosocial benefits of corrective surgery for adults with stra-bismus. Br J Ophthalmol, 90(7):883-888.
15. McBain HB, MacKenzie KA, Au C, et al (2014). Factors associated with quality of life and mood in adults with strabismus. Br J Ophthalmol, 98(4):550-555.
16. Temelturk R D, Kocer A M, Yasar H H (2022). Psychosocial Improvements in Children and Their Parents Following Strabismus Surgery. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 59(4):261-268.
17. Jin Y, Jiang A, Jiang W, et al (2021). Self-produced audio-visual animation intro-duction alleviates preoperative anxiety in pediatric strabismus surgery: a ran-domized controlled study. BMC Oph-thalmol, 21(1):163.
18. Hou H, Li X, Song Y, et al (2023). Effect of interactive, multimedia-based home-initiated education on preoperative anx-iety inchildren and their parents: a sin-gle-center randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol, 23(1):95.
19. Vagnoli L, Bettini A, Amore E, et al (2019). Relaxation-guided imagery reduces perioperative anxiety and pain in chil-dren: a randomized study. Eur J Pediatr, 178(6):913-921.
20. Liu W, Sun R, Gao X, Wang S (2022). Ef-fects of preoperative nasal spray esket-amine on separation anxiety and emer-gence agitation in pediatric strabismus surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(51):e32280.
21. Challa C, Geng-Ramos G, Gray L, et al (2023). Anxiety in children: A review on how to address it in the perioperative setting post-pandemic. Paediatr Anaesth, 33(6):422-426.
22. Mathias E G, Pai M S (2022). Anxiety and Pain in Children Undergoing Surgery: A Scoping Review. J Perianesth Nurs, 37(4):545-550.
23. Agbayani C G, Fortier M A, Kain Z N (2020). Non-pharmacological methods of reducing perioperative anxiety in children. BJA Educ, 20(12):424-430.
24. Dickmann A, Aliberti S, Rebecchi MT, et al (2013). Improved sensory status and quality-of-life measures in adult patients after strabismus surgery. J AAPOS, 17(1):25-28.
25. Hatt S R, Leske D A, Liebermann L, et al (2012). Comparing outcome criteria per-formance in adult strabismus surgery. Ophthalmology, 119(9):1930-1936.
26. McBain H, MacKenzie K, Hancox J, et al (2016). What do patients with strabismus expect post-surgery? The development and validation of a questionnaire. Br J Ophthalmol, 100(3):415-419.
27. Jackson S, Morris M, Gleeson K (2013). The long-term psychosocial impact of cor-rective surgery for adults with strabis-mus. Br J Ophthalmol, 97(4):419-422.
28. Li J N (2021). Application of perioperative psychological nursing in children with strabismus. Modern Diagnosis and Treatment, 32(01):141-142.
29. Dotan G, Jain S, Vagge A, Nelson LB (2022). Diagnosis and Management of Strabismus Syndromes. J Pediatr Ophthal-mol Strabismus, 59(4):210-212.
30. Hatt SR, Leske DA, Castañeda YS, et al (2020). Association of Strabismus with Functional Vision and Eye-Related Quality of Life in Children. JAMA Oph-thalmol, 138(5):528-535.
31. Hassan M B, Hodge D O, Mohney B G (2015). Prevalence of Mental Health Ill-ness among Patients with Adult-Onset Strabismus. Strabismus, 23(3):105-110.
32. Brown D D, Friedman I B, Madigan W, Nelson LB (2019). Reoperations in Stra-bismus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 56(1):5-7.
33. Olitsky S E, Coats D K (2015). Complica-tions of Strabismus Surgery. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol, 22(3):271-278.
34. Wan M J, Hunter D G (2014). Complica-tions of strabismus surgery: incidence and risk factors. Semin Ophthalmol, 29(5-6):421-428.
35. Heo H, Ryu W Y, Chandramohan A, et al (2022). Incidence of infectious compli-cations following strabismus surgery. J AAPOS, 26(3):158-160.
36. Ritchie A E, Ali N (2019). The incidence and clinical outcome of complications in 4,000 consecutive strabismus opera-tions. J AAPOS, 23(3): 140.e1-140.e6.
37. Huang YT, Lin SC, Huang LY, et al (2024). Incidence, Risk Factors and Manage-ment of Postoperative Complications in Horizontal Strabismus Surgery. Semin Ophthalmol, 39(2):143-149.
38. Wang Z, Li T, Zuo X, et al (2023). Preopera-tive and Postoperative Clinical Factors in Predicting the Early Recurrence Risk of Intermittent Exotropia After Surgery. Am J Ophthalmol, 251:115-125.
39. Souza-Dias C, Kushner B J, Reboucas D C L (2018). Long-Term Follow-Up of Cy-clic Esotropia. J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil, 68(4):148-153.
40. Koklanis K, Georgievski Z (2009). Recur-rence of intermittent exotropia: factors associated with surgical outcomes. Stra-bismus, 17(1):37-40.
2. Papalia GF, Mangano G, Diaz Balzani LA, et al (2022). Strabismus and postural con-trol: a systematic review. Musculoskelet Surg, 106(4):345-356.
3. Mocan M C, Pastapur A, Kaufman L (2022). Etiology-based strabismus classification scheme for pediatricians. Turk J Pediatr, 64(2):332-340.
4. Bagewadi R, Daigavane S (2023). Surgical Management of Acquired Strabismus Resulting from Ocular Trauma. Cureus, 15(5):e39047.
5. Nelson L B (2021). Unilateral Strabismus Surgery for Exotropia. J Pediatr Ophthal-mol Strabismus, 58(1):4.
6. Wagner R S (2022). Minimizing Complica-tions During Strabismus Surgery. J Pedi-atr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 59(4):208.
7. Al S F, Duan L, Ratnapalan S (2020). Psy-chosocial impacts of adult strabismus and strabismus surgery: a review of the literature. Can J Ophthalmol, 55(5):445-451.
8. Wen G, McKean-Cowdin R, Varma R, et al (2011). General health-related quality of life in preschool children with strabis-mus or amblyopia. Ophthalmology, 118(3):574-580.
9. Wang Y, Xu M, Yu H, et al (2020). Health-related quality of life correlated with the clinical severity of intermittent exo-tropia in children. Eye (Lond), 34(2):400-407.
10. Hatt SR, Leske DA, Liebermann L, et al (2016). Symptoms in Children with In-termittent Exotropia and Their Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life. Stra-bismus, 24(4):139-145.
11. Lloyd M E, Wang F M, Wasserman B N, et al (2020). Management Issues in Adult Strabismus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabis-mus, 57(3):140-143.
12. Szigiato AA, Caldwell M, Buys YM, et al (2019). Population trends in adult stra-bismus surgery. Can J Ophthalmol, 54(4):501-508.
13. Olitsky SE, Sudesh S, Graziano A, et al (1999). The negative psychosocial im-pact of strabismus in adults. J AAPOS, 3(4):209-211.
14. Jackson S, Harrad R A, Morris M, et al (2006). The psychosocial benefits of corrective surgery for adults with stra-bismus. Br J Ophthalmol, 90(7):883-888.
15. McBain HB, MacKenzie KA, Au C, et al (2014). Factors associated with quality of life and mood in adults with strabismus. Br J Ophthalmol, 98(4):550-555.
16. Temelturk R D, Kocer A M, Yasar H H (2022). Psychosocial Improvements in Children and Their Parents Following Strabismus Surgery. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 59(4):261-268.
17. Jin Y, Jiang A, Jiang W, et al (2021). Self-produced audio-visual animation intro-duction alleviates preoperative anxiety in pediatric strabismus surgery: a ran-domized controlled study. BMC Oph-thalmol, 21(1):163.
18. Hou H, Li X, Song Y, et al (2023). Effect of interactive, multimedia-based home-initiated education on preoperative anx-iety inchildren and their parents: a sin-gle-center randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol, 23(1):95.
19. Vagnoli L, Bettini A, Amore E, et al (2019). Relaxation-guided imagery reduces perioperative anxiety and pain in chil-dren: a randomized study. Eur J Pediatr, 178(6):913-921.
20. Liu W, Sun R, Gao X, Wang S (2022). Ef-fects of preoperative nasal spray esket-amine on separation anxiety and emer-gence agitation in pediatric strabismus surgery: A randomized clinical trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 101(51):e32280.
21. Challa C, Geng-Ramos G, Gray L, et al (2023). Anxiety in children: A review on how to address it in the perioperative setting post-pandemic. Paediatr Anaesth, 33(6):422-426.
22. Mathias E G, Pai M S (2022). Anxiety and Pain in Children Undergoing Surgery: A Scoping Review. J Perianesth Nurs, 37(4):545-550.
23. Agbayani C G, Fortier M A, Kain Z N (2020). Non-pharmacological methods of reducing perioperative anxiety in children. BJA Educ, 20(12):424-430.
24. Dickmann A, Aliberti S, Rebecchi MT, et al (2013). Improved sensory status and quality-of-life measures in adult patients after strabismus surgery. J AAPOS, 17(1):25-28.
25. Hatt S R, Leske D A, Liebermann L, et al (2012). Comparing outcome criteria per-formance in adult strabismus surgery. Ophthalmology, 119(9):1930-1936.
26. McBain H, MacKenzie K, Hancox J, et al (2016). What do patients with strabismus expect post-surgery? The development and validation of a questionnaire. Br J Ophthalmol, 100(3):415-419.
27. Jackson S, Morris M, Gleeson K (2013). The long-term psychosocial impact of cor-rective surgery for adults with strabis-mus. Br J Ophthalmol, 97(4):419-422.
28. Li J N (2021). Application of perioperative psychological nursing in children with strabismus. Modern Diagnosis and Treatment, 32(01):141-142.
29. Dotan G, Jain S, Vagge A, Nelson LB (2022). Diagnosis and Management of Strabismus Syndromes. J Pediatr Ophthal-mol Strabismus, 59(4):210-212.
30. Hatt SR, Leske DA, Castañeda YS, et al (2020). Association of Strabismus with Functional Vision and Eye-Related Quality of Life in Children. JAMA Oph-thalmol, 138(5):528-535.
31. Hassan M B, Hodge D O, Mohney B G (2015). Prevalence of Mental Health Ill-ness among Patients with Adult-Onset Strabismus. Strabismus, 23(3):105-110.
32. Brown D D, Friedman I B, Madigan W, Nelson LB (2019). Reoperations in Stra-bismus. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 56(1):5-7.
33. Olitsky S E, Coats D K (2015). Complica-tions of Strabismus Surgery. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol, 22(3):271-278.
34. Wan M J, Hunter D G (2014). Complica-tions of strabismus surgery: incidence and risk factors. Semin Ophthalmol, 29(5-6):421-428.
35. Heo H, Ryu W Y, Chandramohan A, et al (2022). Incidence of infectious compli-cations following strabismus surgery. J AAPOS, 26(3):158-160.
36. Ritchie A E, Ali N (2019). The incidence and clinical outcome of complications in 4,000 consecutive strabismus opera-tions. J AAPOS, 23(3): 140.e1-140.e6.
37. Huang YT, Lin SC, Huang LY, et al (2024). Incidence, Risk Factors and Manage-ment of Postoperative Complications in Horizontal Strabismus Surgery. Semin Ophthalmol, 39(2):143-149.
38. Wang Z, Li T, Zuo X, et al (2023). Preopera-tive and Postoperative Clinical Factors in Predicting the Early Recurrence Risk of Intermittent Exotropia After Surgery. Am J Ophthalmol, 251:115-125.
39. Souza-Dias C, Kushner B J, Reboucas D C L (2018). Long-Term Follow-Up of Cy-clic Esotropia. J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil, 68(4):148-153.
40. Koklanis K, Georgievski Z (2009). Recur-rence of intermittent exotropia: factors associated with surgical outcomes. Stra-bismus, 17(1):37-40.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 54 No 6 (2025) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Nursing Adult Child Strabismus Perioperative | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Cai H, Pan L, Zhang P. Perioperative Nursing in Strabismus Surgery: A Narrative Review. Iran J Public Health. 2025;54(6):1171-1178.
