Serum Levels of Blood Minerals (Fe, Mg) and Vitamins (D, B12) in Suicide Attempters
-
Marzie Salandari Rabori
,
Aghdas Souresrafil
,
Mohsen Rezaeian
,
Hasan Ahmadinia
,
Roya Bahrami
,
Mahdie Sadat Hosseini
,
Maryam Hasanshahi
,
Azam Bagherizade
Abstract
Background: Suicide is an intentional act that results in the death of a person. Clinical researchers show that a new era has begun in understanding suicide pathophysiology. Our study assessed serum minerals (Fe, Mg) and vitamins (D, B12) to see if they are related to suicide attempts.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Ali-ebn-Abi Taleb Hospital, Rafsanjan City Central District, Kerman Province, Iran in 2022. Prior to measuring the quantity of essential minerals and vitamins in the blood, the degree of depression was assessed using the Beck depression severity scale. Chi-square, Independent T-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann Whitney U test were performed to ascertain the existence of an association between these substances within the body and suicide attempts.
Results: Thirty-two attempted suicides (24 women and 8 men, mean age 14-46 yr) were included in this study. The mean and standard deviation of depression scores for 32 candidates was 16.43 ± 26.74. Moreover, our results show nearly 46.7% (50% women and 37.5% men) of participants suffer from vitamin D deficiency and 6.7% from Mg deficiency, half of them have also severe depression.
Conclusion: One of the reasons for the cause of depression and suicide attempt could be the status of minerals and vitamins in the body. Therefore, it is likely that a suitable diet and checking blood factors might help to reduce suicide attempts in a society.
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15. Toxqui L, Piero AD, Courtois V, et al (2010). Deficiencia y sobrecarga de hierro: implicaciones en el estado oxidativo y la salud cardiovascular. Nutr Hosp, 25 (3):350-365.
16. Lorenzo-Mora AM, López-Sobaler AM, Bermejo LM, et al (2023). Association between mineral intake and cognition evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 15 (21):4505.
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18. Li J, Wang L, Wang Z, et al (2024). Association between suicide attempts and anemia in late-life depression inpatients. BMC Geriatr, 24 (1):43.
19. Eizadi-Mood N, Ahmadi R, Babazadeh S, et al (2018). Anemia, depression, and suicidal attempts in women: Is there a relationship? J Res Pharm Pract, 7 (3):136-140.
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22. Nair R, Maseeh A (2012). Vitamin D: The "sunshine" vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother, 3 (2):118-26.
23. Milaneschi Y, Shardell M, Corsi AM, et al (2010). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in older women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 95 (7):3225-33.
24. Menon V, Kar SK, Suthar N, et al (2020). Vitamin D and Depression: A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence and Future Directions. Indian J Psychol Med, 42 (1):11-21.
25. Durand C, Mary S, Brazo P, et al (2003). [Psychiatric manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report]. Encephale, 29 (6):560-5.
26. Tufan AE, Bilici R, Usta G, et al (2012). Mood disorder with mixed, psychotic features due to vitamin b12 deficiency in an adolescent: case report. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 6 (1):25.
27. Bar-Shai M, Gott D, Marmor S (2011). Acute psychotic depression as a sole manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. Psychosomatics, 52 (4):384-6.
28. Hadineajd P, Hosseini SH, Shekarriz R, et al (2016). A Case Report of Vitamin B12 Deficiency with Symptoms of Depression, Hallucination and Delusion. J Babol Univ Med Sci, 18 (9):61-65.
29. Rajizadeh A, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Yassini-Ardakani M, et al (2017). Effect of magnesium supplementation on depression status in depressed patients with magnesium deficiency: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition, 35:56-60.
30. Hidese S, Saito K, Asano S, et al (2018). Association between iron-deficiency anemia and depression: A web-based Japanese investigation. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 72 (7):513-521.
31. Ozkayar N, Altun B, Ulusoy S, et al (2014). Relationship between vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in renal transplant recipients. Int J Psychiatry Med, 47 (2):141-51.
32. A T Beck,C H Ward,M Mendelson,et al(1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4:561-71.
33. Steer RA, Rissmiller DJ, Beck AT (2000). Use of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with depressed geriatric inpatients. Behav Res Ther, 38 (3):311-318.
34. Leung CY, Kyung M (2023). Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020. Prev Med Rep, 37:102549.
35. Banki CM, Vojnik M, Papp Z, et al (1985). Cerebrospinal fluid magnesium and calcium related to amine metabolites, diagnosis, and suicide attempts. Biol Psychiatry, 20 (2):163-171.
36. Botturi A, Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, et al (2020). The role and the effect of magnesium in mental disorders: a systematic review. Nutrients, 12 (6):1661.
37. Serefko A, Szopa A, Wlaź P, et al (2013). Magnesium in depression. Pharmacol Rep, 65 (3):547-554.
38. Kim SY, Jeon SW, Lim WJ, et al (2020). Vitamin D deficiency and suicidal ideation: A cross-sectional study of 157,211 healthy adults. J Psychosom Res, 134:110125.
39. Grudet C, Malm J, Westrin Å, Brundin L (2014). Suicidal patients are deficient in vitamin D, associated with a pro-inflammatory status in the blood. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 50:210-219.
40. Zielińska M, Łuszczki E, Dereń K (2023). Dietary Nutrient Deficiencies and Risk of Depression (Review Article 2018-2023). Nutrients, 15 (11).
41. Todorov AA, Chumpalova-Tumbeva PG, Stoimenova-Popova MY, et al (2017). Correlation between Depression and Anxiety and the Level of Vitamin B12 in Patients with Depression and Anxiety and Healthy Controls. J Biomed Clin Res, 10 (2):140-145.
2. Claveria O (2022). Global economic uncertainty and suicide: Worldwide evidence. Soc Sci Med, 305:115041.
3. Bachmann S (2018). Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15 (7);1425.
4. Hawton K, van Heeringen K (2009). Suicide. Lancet, 373 (9672):1372-81.
5. Mendes BB, Conniot J, Avital A, et al (2022). Nanodelivery of nucleic acids. Nat Rev Methods Primers, 2 :24.
6. Autry AE, Monteggia LM (2009). Epigenetics in suicide and depression. Biol Psychiatry, 66 (9):812-3.
7. Meier M, Clinard B, Robert F, Sociology of deviant behavior, (14th ed. Ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. 2008, P. 169. ISBN 978-0-495-81167-1. .
8. Sharmin S, Rahaman MM, Sarkar C, et al (2021). Nanoparticles as antimicrobial and antiviral agents: A literature-based perspective study. Heliyon, 7 (3):e06456.
9. Burton CZ, Vella L, Weller JA, et al (2011). Differential effects of executive functioning on suicide attempts. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 23 (2):173-179.
10. Pu S, Setoyama S, Noda T (2017). Association between cognitive deficits and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder. Sci Rep, 7 (1):11637.
11. Zhu L, Miao Q, Zhou H, et al (2024). Experiences and cognitive characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with depression: a qualitative study. JPsychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv, 62(11):47-55.
12. Black MM (2003). Micronutrient deficiencies and cognitive functioning. J Nutr, 133(11 Suppl 2):3927S-3931S.
13. Tardy A-L, Pouteau E, Marquez D, et al (2020). Vitamins and minerals for energy, fatigue and cognition: a narrative review of the biochemical and clinical evidence. Nutrients, 12 (1):228.
14. Batalla MV (2007). Antioxidantes presentes en los alimentos: vitaminas, minerales y suplementos. Offarm: farmacia y sociedad, 26 (10):79-86.
15. Toxqui L, Piero AD, Courtois V, et al (2010). Deficiencia y sobrecarga de hierro: implicaciones en el estado oxidativo y la salud cardiovascular. Nutr Hosp, 25 (3):350-365.
16. Lorenzo-Mora AM, López-Sobaler AM, Bermejo LM, et al (2023). Association between mineral intake and cognition evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): A cross-sectional study. Nutrients, 15 (21):4505.
17. Lozoff B, Beard J, Connor J, et al (2006). Long-lasting neural and behavioral effects of iron deficiency in infancy. Nutr Rev, 64 (5 Pt 2):S34-43; discussion S72-91.
18. Li J, Wang L, Wang Z, et al (2024). Association between suicide attempts and anemia in late-life depression inpatients. BMC Geriatr, 24 (1):43.
19. Eizadi-Mood N, Ahmadi R, Babazadeh S, et al (2018). Anemia, depression, and suicidal attempts in women: Is there a relationship? J Res Pharm Pract, 7 (3):136-140.
20. Morris ME (1992). Brain and CSF magnesium concentrations during magnesium deficit in animals and humans: neurological symptoms. Magnes Res, 5 (4):303-13.
21. Eby GA, Eby KL (2006). Rapid recovery from major depression using magnesium treatment. Med Hypotheses, 67 (2):362-370.
22. Nair R, Maseeh A (2012). Vitamin D: The "sunshine" vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother, 3 (2):118-26.
23. Milaneschi Y, Shardell M, Corsi AM, et al (2010). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and depressive symptoms in older women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 95 (7):3225-33.
24. Menon V, Kar SK, Suthar N, et al (2020). Vitamin D and Depression: A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence and Future Directions. Indian J Psychol Med, 42 (1):11-21.
25. Durand C, Mary S, Brazo P, et al (2003). [Psychiatric manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report]. Encephale, 29 (6):560-5.
26. Tufan AE, Bilici R, Usta G, et al (2012). Mood disorder with mixed, psychotic features due to vitamin b12 deficiency in an adolescent: case report. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 6 (1):25.
27. Bar-Shai M, Gott D, Marmor S (2011). Acute psychotic depression as a sole manifestation of vitamin B12 deficiency. Psychosomatics, 52 (4):384-6.
28. Hadineajd P, Hosseini SH, Shekarriz R, et al (2016). A Case Report of Vitamin B12 Deficiency with Symptoms of Depression, Hallucination and Delusion. J Babol Univ Med Sci, 18 (9):61-65.
29. Rajizadeh A, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Yassini-Ardakani M, et al (2017). Effect of magnesium supplementation on depression status in depressed patients with magnesium deficiency: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrition, 35:56-60.
30. Hidese S, Saito K, Asano S, et al (2018). Association between iron-deficiency anemia and depression: A web-based Japanese investigation. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 72 (7):513-521.
31. Ozkayar N, Altun B, Ulusoy S, et al (2014). Relationship between vitamin D levels and depressive symptoms in renal transplant recipients. Int J Psychiatry Med, 47 (2):141-51.
32. A T Beck,C H Ward,M Mendelson,et al(1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 4:561-71.
33. Steer RA, Rissmiller DJ, Beck AT (2000). Use of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with depressed geriatric inpatients. Behav Res Ther, 38 (3):311-318.
34. Leung CY, Kyung M (2023). Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020. Prev Med Rep, 37:102549.
35. Banki CM, Vojnik M, Papp Z, et al (1985). Cerebrospinal fluid magnesium and calcium related to amine metabolites, diagnosis, and suicide attempts. Biol Psychiatry, 20 (2):163-171.
36. Botturi A, Ciappolino V, Delvecchio G, et al (2020). The role and the effect of magnesium in mental disorders: a systematic review. Nutrients, 12 (6):1661.
37. Serefko A, Szopa A, Wlaź P, et al (2013). Magnesium in depression. Pharmacol Rep, 65 (3):547-554.
38. Kim SY, Jeon SW, Lim WJ, et al (2020). Vitamin D deficiency and suicidal ideation: A cross-sectional study of 157,211 healthy adults. J Psychosom Res, 134:110125.
39. Grudet C, Malm J, Westrin Å, Brundin L (2014). Suicidal patients are deficient in vitamin D, associated with a pro-inflammatory status in the blood. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 50:210-219.
40. Zielińska M, Łuszczki E, Dereń K (2023). Dietary Nutrient Deficiencies and Risk of Depression (Review Article 2018-2023). Nutrients, 15 (11).
41. Todorov AA, Chumpalova-Tumbeva PG, Stoimenova-Popova MY, et al (2017). Correlation between Depression and Anxiety and the Level of Vitamin B12 in Patients with Depression and Anxiety and Healthy Controls. J Biomed Clin Res, 10 (2):140-145.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 54 No 6 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Depression Attempted suicide Minerals Vitamins | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Salandari Rabori M, Souresrafil A, Rezaeian M, Ahmadinia H, Bahrami R, Hosseini MS, Hasanshahi M, Bagherizade A. Serum Levels of Blood Minerals (Fe, Mg) and Vitamins (D, B12) in Suicide Attempters. Iran J Public Health. 2025;54(6):1282-1290.
