Mortality Rate from Circulatory Diseases, Ischemic Heart Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseases in Serbia, 1998-2021
-
Milos Stepovic
,
Kristijan Jovanovic
,
Jovana Milosavljevic
,
Melanija Tepavcevic
,
Jovana Radovanovic
,
Viktor Selakovic
,
Milena Maricic
,
Stefan Vekic
,
Marija Sekulic
,
Nemanja Rancic
Abstract
Background: According to World Health Organisation data, on the top ten causes of death in the world in 2019, ischemic heart diseases ranked first, followed by stroke and chronic respiratory diseases. This study aimed to make cross-section of the current mortality rates of indicators of circulatory diseases, ischemic heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases, access the trends of indicators in Serbia more than two decades and to find the correlation of these observed indicators between males and females.
Methods: Medical indicators were taken from the publicly available Health for all databases that deals with long-term evaluation and monitoring of indicators obtained from national authorities. In this epidemiological study, following indicators were analysed: indicator of standardized circulatory diseases, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Between 1998 and 2021 all of the mortality indicators were decreasing in Serbia. Between 2002 and 2005 observed indicators had almost constant decreasing trend. The standardized mortality for circulatory disease along with indicators for mortality from ischemic diseases and cerebrovascular disease was more prevalent among males than females,
Conclusion: Continuing the follow of indicators is of the great importance for public health and macroeconomic of countries. This decreasing trend in Serbia must remain constant and that can be effectively done through continuous improvement of health systems, focusing on the primary health care and conducting pharmacoeconomic studies and epidemiological studies.
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25. Thrift AG, Howard G, Cadilhac DA, et al (2017). Global stroke statistics: An up-date of mortality data from countries us-ing a broad code of "cerebrovascular diseases". Int J Stroke, 12(8): 796-801.
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27. Peters R, Ee N, Peters J, et al (2019). Com-mon risk factors for major noncom-municable disease, a systematic over-view of reviews and commentary: the implied potential for targeted risk re-duction. Ther Adv Chronic Dis, 10: 2040622319880392.
28. Lavie CJ, Laddu D, Arena R, et al (2018). Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention: JACC Health Promotion Series. J Am Coll Cardiol, 72(13): 1506-1531.
29. Stepović М, Vekić B, Dragojević Simić V, et al (2022). Forecasting analysis of select-ed health and economy related indica-tors in south eastern european and bal-kan countries. Vojnosanit Pregl, 79(10): 1002–1009.
30. Hamrahian SM, Maarouf OH, Fülöp T (2022). A Critical Review of Medication Adherence in Hypertension: Barriers and Facilitators Clinicians Should Con-sider. Patient Prefer Adherence, 16: 2749-2757.
31. Rippe JM (2018). Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Lifestyle Med, 13(2): 204-212.
32. Stepovic M, Rancic N, Vekic B, et al (2020). Gross Domestic Product and Health Expenditure Growth in Balkan and East European Countries—Three-Decade Horizon. Front Public Health, 8: 492.
2. Mendoza W, Miranda JJ (2017). Global Shifts in Cardiovascular Disease, the Ep-idemiologic Transition, and Other Con-tributing Factors: Toward a New Prac-tice of Global Health Cardiology. Cardi-ol Clin, 35(1): 1-12.
3. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) (2018). Findings from the Glob-al Burden of Disease Study 2017. Seattle, WA: IHME.
4. World Health Organization (2024). The top 10 causes of death.
5. Ladusingh L, Mohanty SK, Thangjam M (2018). Triple burden of disease and out of pocket healthcare expenditure of women in India. PLoS One, 13(5): e0196835.
6. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2017). Global, regional, and national inci-dence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Dis-ease Study. Lancet, 390(10100): 1211-1259.
7. Benziger CP, Roth GA, Moran AE (2016). The Global Burden of Disease Study and the Preventable Burden of NCD. Glob Heart, 11(4): 393–397.
8. Junusbekova G, Tundybayeva M, Akhtaeva N, et al (2023). Recent Trends in Cardi-ovascular Disease Mortality in Kazakh-stan. Vasc Health Risk Manag, 19: 519-526.
9. Kim HC (2021). Epidemiology of cardio-vascular disease and its risk factors in Korea. Glob Health Med, 3(3):134-141.
10. Kričković E, Lukić T, Jovanović-Popović D (2022). Geographic Medical Overview of Noncommunicable Diseases (Cardio-vascular Diseases and Diabetes) in the Territory of the AP Vojvodina (North-ern Serbia). Healthcare (Basel), 11(1):48.
11. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al (2020). Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: Up-date from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 76: 2982-3021.
12. Ashraf K, Ng CJ, Teo CH, et al (2019). Pop-ulation indices measuring health out-comes: A scoping review. J Glob Health, 9(1):010405.
13. Sokoya T, Zhou Y, Diaz S, et al (2022). Health Indicators as Measures of Indi-vidual Health Status and Their Public Perspectives: Cross-sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res, 24(6):e38099.
14. Braithwaite J, Hibbert P, Blakely B, et al (2017). Health system frameworks and performance indicators in eight coun-tries: A comparative international analy-sis. SAGE Open Med, 5: 2050312116686516.
15. Mills A (2014). Health care systems in low- and middle-income countries. N Engl J Med, 370(6): 552-7.
16. Akman M, Ayhan Başer D, Usanma Koban B, et al (2022). Organization of primary care. Prim Health Care Res Dev, 23: e49.
17. Piovani D, Nikolopoulos GK, Bonovas S (2022). Non-Communicable Diseases: The Invisible Epidemic. J Clin Med, 11(19): 5939.
18. Mensah GA, Roth GA, Fuster V (2019). The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Dis-eases and Risk Factors: 2020 and Be-yond. J Am Coll Cardiol, 74(20): 2529-2532.
19. Mensah GA, Fuster V, Murray CJL, et al (2023). Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks Collaborators. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Dis-eases and Risks, 1990-2022. J Am Coll Cardiol, 82(25): 2350-2473.
20. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al (2020). GBD-NHLBI-JACC Global Bur-den of Cardiovascular Diseases Writing Group. Global Burden of Cardiovascu-lar Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update from the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 76(25): 2982-3021.
21. Gupta R, Wood DA (2019). Primary pre-vention of ischaemic heart disease: populations, individuals, and health pro-fessionals. Lancet, 394(10199): 685-696.
22. Townsend N, Kazakiewicz D, Lucy Wright F, et al (2022). Epidemiology of cardio-vascular disease in Europe. Nat Rev Car-diol, 19(2): 133-143.
23. American Heart Association (2020). Heart Disease & Stroke Statistical Update Fact Sheet Global Burden of Disease. Avail-able at: https://professional.heart.org/-/media/PHD-Files-2/Science-News/2/2020-Heart-and-Stroke-Stat-Up-date/2020_Heart_Disease_and_Stroke_Statisti-cal_Update_Fact_Sheet_Global_Burden_of_Disease_ucm_505489.pdf
24. Wang F, Yu Y, Mubarik S, et al (2021). Global Burden of Ischemic Heart Dis-ease and Attributable Risk Factors, 1990-2017: A Secondary Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Clin Epidemiol, 13:859-870.
25. Thrift AG, Howard G, Cadilhac DA, et al (2017). Global stroke statistics: An up-date of mortality data from countries us-ing a broad code of "cerebrovascular diseases". Int J Stroke, 12(8): 796-801.
26. Whelton PK, Carey RM (2017). The 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline for High Blood Pressure. JAMA, 318(21): 2073-2074.
27. Peters R, Ee N, Peters J, et al (2019). Com-mon risk factors for major noncom-municable disease, a systematic over-view of reviews and commentary: the implied potential for targeted risk re-duction. Ther Adv Chronic Dis, 10: 2040622319880392.
28. Lavie CJ, Laddu D, Arena R, et al (2018). Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention: JACC Health Promotion Series. J Am Coll Cardiol, 72(13): 1506-1531.
29. Stepović М, Vekić B, Dragojević Simić V, et al (2022). Forecasting analysis of select-ed health and economy related indica-tors in south eastern european and bal-kan countries. Vojnosanit Pregl, 79(10): 1002–1009.
30. Hamrahian SM, Maarouf OH, Fülöp T (2022). A Critical Review of Medication Adherence in Hypertension: Barriers and Facilitators Clinicians Should Con-sider. Patient Prefer Adherence, 16: 2749-2757.
31. Rippe JM (2018). Lifestyle Strategies for Risk Factor Reduction, Prevention, and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Lifestyle Med, 13(2): 204-212.
32. Stepovic M, Rancic N, Vekic B, et al (2020). Gross Domestic Product and Health Expenditure Growth in Balkan and East European Countries—Three-Decade Horizon. Front Public Health, 8: 492.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 12 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cardiovascular diseases Mortality Epidemiology Medical indicators Serbia | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Stepovic M, Jovanovic K, Milosavljevic J, Tepavcevic M, Radovanovic J, Selakovic V, Maricic M, Vekic S, Sekulic M, Rancic N. Mortality Rate from Circulatory Diseases, Ischemic Heart Disease and Cerebrovascular Diseases in Serbia, 1998-2021. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(12):2722-2729.
