A Scoping Review of 20 Years Breast Cancer Screening Programs in Iran
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cancer among women globally. Early detection through screening is vital for reducing mortality, complementing advancements in treatment.
Methods: We aimed to overview BC screening practices in Iran over two-decades to inform policymakers for future research directions and prompt timely diagnoses. A scoping review was conducted on BC studies in Iran from 2000 to 2023, following PRISMA guidelines.
Results: We analyzed 129 articles on BC in Iranian women, and finding six main areas.
Conclusion: Iran's health system lacks an organized BC screening initiative, facing challenges like inadequate infrastructure, sociocultural barriers, unintegrated health insurance packages, and limited research on key indicators.
2. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: Globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 71(3):209–249.
3. Farhood B, Geraily G, and Alizadeh A (2018). Incidence and mortality of various cancers in iran and compare to other countries: a review article. Iran J Public Health, 47(3):309-316.
4. Azadnajafabad S, Saeedi-Moghaddam S, Mohammadi E, et al (2023). Burden of breast cancer and attributable risk factors in the north africa and middle east region, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Oncol, 13:1132816.
5. Harirchi I, Karbakhsh M, Kashefi A, et al (2004). Breast cancer in iran: results of a multi-center study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 5(1):24-7.
6. Kazemi M, Yadegarfar M, Hamyali Ainvand M, et al (2022). Iranian women diagnosed with breast cancer a decade earlier than british women? Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 29(1): 106-111.
7. Oussama M.N. Khatib, and Modjtabai A (2006). Guidelines for the early detection and screening of breast cancer. EMRO Technical Publications Series, 30. NLM Classification: WP 870:24–6.
8. Kazeminia M, Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, et al (2022). The prevalence of breast cancer in iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Gynecol Oncolog, 20:14.
9. Omidi Z, Koosha M, Nazeri N, et al (2022). Status of breast cancer screening strategies and indicators in iran: A scoping review. J Res Med Sci, 27:21.
10. Kalan Farmanfarma Kh, Mahdavifar N, Heidarpour-Kiasaraet S, et al (2022). Determinants of mammography screening in iranian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Dis, 41(1):279-294.
11. Peters MDJ, M Godfrey Ch, Khalil H, et al (2015). Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Healthc, 13(3):141-6.
12. Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al (2018). Prisma extension for scoping reviews (prisma-scr): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med, 169(7):467-473.
13. Haghighat S, Omidi Z, and Ghanbari-Motlagh A (2022). Trend of breast cancer incidence in iran during a fifteen-year interval according to national cancer registry reports. Iranian Journal of Breast Disease, 15 (2) :4-17.
14. Taghavi A, Fazeli Z, Vahedi M, et al (2012). Increased trend of breast cancer mortality in iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13(1):367-70.
15. Alizadeh-Otaghvar H, Hosseini M, Tizmaghz A, et al (2015). A review on metastatic breast cancer in iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 5(6): 429–433.
16. Amini A, Khadivar P, Ahmadnia A, et al (2021). Crisis of breast cancer in iran: Focus on epidemiology and risk factors. Gastric & Breast Cancer, 16(1):12–23.
17. Abachizadeh K, Moradi-Kouchi A, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, et al (2018). Breast cancer in iran: Levels, variations and correlates. Community Health, 5(1):11-21.
18. Mousavi SM, Montazeri A, Mohagheghi MA, et al (2007). Breast cancer in Iran: an epidemiological review. Breast J, 13(4):383-91.
19. National Report of the National Cancer Registration Program (2015). Publication of Ministry of Health, Cancer Department , National Secretariat of Cancer Management of Iran.
20. National Report of the National Cancer Registration Program (2018). Publication of Ministry of Health, Cancer Department , National Secretariat of Cancer Management of Iran.
21. Esmaeimzadeh N, Salahi-Moghaddam A, and Khoshdel A (2015). Geographic distribution of important cancers in iran. Hormozgan Medical Journal, 19(2):66-76.
22. Sharifian A, Pourhoseingholi MA, Emadedin M, et al (2015). Burden of breast cancer in iranian women is increasing. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16(12):5049-52.
23. Keyghobadi N, Rafiemanesh H, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, et al (2015). Epidemiology and trend of cancers in the province of kerman: southeast of iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16(4):1409–1413.
24. Fouladi N, Pourfarzi F, Amani F, et al (2012). Breast cancer in ardabil province in the north-west of iran: an epidemiological study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13(4):1543-5.
25. Dolatkhah R, Somi MH, Asghari-Jafarabadi MA, et al (2020). Breast cancer survival and incidence: 10 years cancer registry data in the northwest, iran. Int J Breast Cancer, 2020:1963814.
26. Zahedi A, Rafiemanesh H, Enayatrad M, et al (2015). Incidence, trends and epidemiology of cancers in north west of iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16(16):7189-93.
27. Mohamadi S, Jalali F, and Rekabpour SJ (2023). Risk factors of breast cancer in women of bushehr city, a case-control study. Iran South Med J, 25(6): 505-518.
28. Faryabi R, Daneshi S, Rezabeigi-Davarani E, et al (2023). The assessment of risk factors and risk perception status of breast cancer in northern iran. BMC Womens Health, 23(1):268.
29. Rostampour F, Gasem-Soltani R, Pashaee F, et al (2022). Risk factors for breast cancer in urmia: A case-control study. IJCCD, 2(Supplement 2):10.53876/001c.38884
30. Khoramdad M, Solaymani-Dodaran M, Kabir A, et al (2022). Breast cancer risk factors in iranian women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of matched case–control studies. Eur J Med Res, 27(1):311.
31. Motie MR, Taghizadeh A, Pourali L, et al (2021). Breast cancer risk factors: A case-control study in iranian women. Middle East J Cancer, 12(3):439-46.
32. Manzouri L, Parhizkar S, and Amiri S (2021). Prevalence of risk factors and protective factors of breast cancer in yasuj city, iran. J Clinic Care Skill, 2(1): 35-39.
33. Ansari H, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi Y, et al (2018). Assessment of socio-economic and menstrual-reproductive factors related to estimated risk of affecting to breast cancer in the iranian woman. Koomesh, 20(3): 439-446.
34. Ataollahi MR, Sharifi J, Paknahad M, et al (2015). Breast cancer and associated factors: a review. J Med Life, 8(Spec Iss 4):6-11.
35. Namiranian N, Moradi-Lakeh M, Razavi-Ratki SK, et al (2014). Risk factors of breast cancer in the eastern mediterranean region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev,15(21):9535-41.
36. Poorolajal J, Akbari ME, Ziaee F, et al (2018). Breast cancer screening chart: a basic and preliminary model for making screening mammography more productive and efficient. J Public Health (Oxf), 40(2):e118-e125.
37. Marzbani B, Taymoori P, and Nouri B (2017). Assessment of risk factors for breast cancer among women under 50 years old. SJSPH, 15(1): 47-60.
38. Mirghafourvand M, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Ahmadpour P, and Rahi P (2016). Breast cancer risk based on the gail model and its predictors in iranian women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17(8):3741–3745.
39. Rahimi G, Faizi-Khankandy I, Nemati A, et al (2016). Survey of demographic characteristics of referred patients for mammography and their results at fatemy hospital in ardabil. Journal of Health, 7(1):95–101.[In Persian].
40. Ahmadinejad N, Movahedinia Saj, Movahedinia Sam, et al (2013). Distribution of breast density in iranian women and its association with breast cancer risk factors. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 15(12):e16615.
41. Veisy A, Lotfinejad Sh, Salehi K, and Zhian F (2015). Risk of breast cancer in relation to reproductive factors in north-west of iran, 2013-2014. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16(2):451-5.
42. Shamshirian A, Heydari K, Shams Z, et al (2020). Breast cancer risk factors in iran: a systematic review & meta-analysis. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 41(4).
43. Yeganeh Z, Sheikhan Z, Kariman N, et al (2018). Relationship between pregnancy-associated variables and breast cancer risk: A systematic review. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil, 21:85–97.
44. Pezeshki M, and Ansari J (2018). Evaluating the risk factors of breast Cancer. Paramedical Sciences and Military Health, 13(3):1-11.
45. Motie MR, Besharat S, Torkjazi R, et al (2011). Modifiable risk of breast cancer in northeast Iran: hope for the future. a case-control study. Breast Care (Basel), 6(6):453-6.
46. Kardan-Souraki M, Moosazadeh M, Khani S, et al (2019). Factors related to breast cancer screening in women in the northern part of iran: A cross-sectional study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci, 7(4):637-642.
47. Danaei M, Hoseini Z, and Momeni M (2021). The frequency of breast cancer risk factors and the correlation of the results of the risk assessment models in the iranian population. Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer, 13(3): 72-77.[In Persian].
48. Amini-Sani N, Shamshir-Garan M, Ghavam-Nasiri M, et al (2005). Direct and indirect effects of smoking on breast cancer. J Babol Univ Med Sci, 7 (1) :63-68.[In Persian].
49. Tehranian N, Shobeiri F, Hafezi-Pour F, et al (2010). Risk factors for breast cancer in iranian women aged less than 40 years. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 11(6):1723-5.
50. Sepandi M, Akrami M, Tabatabaee H, et al (2014). Breast cancer risk factors in women participating in a breast screening program: a study on 11,850 iranian females. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15(19):8499-502.
51. Jafarinia B, Bahadorzai M, Delpisheh A, et al (2016). Risk factors of breast cancer in dezful city of iran: a case-control study. Tehran Univ Med J, 74(2):135-9.[In Persian].
52. Saki A, Hajizadeh E, and Tehranian N (2011). Evaluating the risk factors of breast cancer using the analysis of tree models. Intern Med Today, 17(1): 60-68.
53. Sharif-Zadeh Gh, Hosseini M, Kermani T, et al (2011). Breast cancer and the related factors: A case control study. J Birjand Univ Med J, 18 (3) :191-199. [In Persian].
54. Yavari P, Moussa-Zadeh MA, Sadrolhefazi B, et al (2006). Investigating women's risk factors related to breast cancer in patients referred to Shahada Tajrish Hospital in Tehran. Pajouhandeh (Journal of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences), 10;11(7):9-15. [In Persian].
55. Ayyoubzadeh SM, Almasizand A, Niakan-Kalhori R, et al (2021). Early breast cancer prediction using dermatoglyphics: data mining pilot study in a general hospital in iran. Health Educ Health Promot, 9(3): 279-285.
56. Hosseinpour R, Haji-Nasrolah E, Ranjpoor F, et al (2011). Evaluation of the risk of breast cancer, based on the Gail model, in women of more than 35 years old: at health centers of Yasouj during 2010-2011. Iranian Journal of Surgery, 10(3):8-21. [In Persian].
57. Rafeemanesh E, Taghizadeh-Kermani A, Khajedaluee M, et al (2018). Evaluation of breast cancer risk in relation to occupation. Middle East J Cancer, 9(3): 186-194.
58. Ziyari K, Rahmani O, and Eslami R (2018). Are flight staffs at higher risk for breast cancer? EBNESINA (J of Iran Army University of Medical Sciences), 19(4): 53-68.[In Persian].
59. Mirmohammadkhani M, Ghahremanfard F, Tayyebi Kh, et al (2019). Early direct costs of diagnostic and therapeutic services for patients with cancer: A descriptive study in semnan, iran, 2011-2014. Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud, 6(1):e55457.
60. Kashfi F, Nikofar AR, and Mohammadi R (2002). Fertility factors predisposing to breast cancer. J Reprod Infertil, 3(1):38-45.[In Persian].
61. Holakouie-Naeini K, Ardalan A, Mahmoudi M, et al (2006). Risk factors for breast cancer in Mazandaran Province, 2004. sjsph, 4 (1) :27-36 [In Persian].
62. Rouhparvarzadeh N, and Parsa A (2014). Prevalence of breast cancer risk factors in women aged 20 to 69 in Isfahan. ijbd, 7 (1) :52-61.[In Persian].
63. Thomas DB, Li Gao D, Ray RM, et al (2002). Randomized trial of breast selfexamination in Shanghai: final results. J Natl Cancer Inst, 94(19):1445-57.
64. Miller AB, To T, J. Baines C, et al (1992). Canadian National Breast Screening Study: 1. Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 40 to 49 years. CMAJ, 147(10):1459-76.
65. Shapiro S, and Strax P (1997). Periodic Screening for Breast Cancer: The Health Insurance Plan Project and its Sequelae, 1963-1986. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, (22):27-30.
66. Dastgiri S, H de Bock G, Sanaat Z, et al (2022). Acceptability and compliance with a breast cancer prevention campaign in the northwest region, iran. Breast Cancer Management, 11(1):BMT62.
67. Naghibi A, Shojaeezade D, Montazeri A, et al (2013). Early detection of breast cancer among women in mazandaran, iran. Iran J Health Sci, 1(1): 44-49.
68. Anbari K, Ahmadi S.AY, Baharvand P (2017). Investigation of breast cancer screening among the women of khorramabad: a cross-sectional study. Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health, 14(1):e12099–1.
69. Farzaneh E, Heydari H, Shekarchi AA, et al (2017). Breast and cervical cancer-screening uptake among females in ardabil, northwest iran: a community-based study. Onco Targets Ther, 10:985-992.
70. Kavehie B, Fasihi-Harandi T, and Rahimzadeh M (2019). Contributors of mammography screening with zero-inflated count regression models by bayesian approach. CJHR, 4(2): 38-43.
71. Mirfarhadi N, Ghanbari A, Khalili M, et al (2017). Predictive factors for diagnosis and treatment delay in iranian women with breast cancer. Nurs Midwifery Stud, 6(2):e27452.
72. Babu GR, Samari G, Cohen SP, et al (2011). Breast cancer screening among females in iran and recommendations for improved practice: a review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12(7):1647-55.
73. Shirzadi S, Nadrian H, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, et al (2017). Determinants of mam-mography adoption among iranian women: What are the differences in the cognitive factors by the stages of test adoption? Health Care Women Int, 38(9):956-970.
74. Heydari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb HR, and Sakhavar N (2008). Breast cancer screening knowledge and practice among women in southeast of iran. Acta Med Iran, 46(4):321-328.
75. Haghighi JD, Hormozi M, Sargolzaee N, et al (2022). Barriers to mammographic screening of breast cancer in women: a cross-sectional study in southeastern iran. Arch Breast Cancer, 9(2):174-8.
76. Charkazi A, Samimi A, Razzaghi K, et al (2013). Adherence to recommended breast cancer screening in iranian turkmen women: the role of knowledge and beliefs. ISRN Prev Med, 2013:581027.
77. Enjezab B, Faraj-Khoda T, and Bokaei M (2004). Barriers and Motivators Related to Cervical and Breast Cancer Screening. JSSU, 12 (3) :78-84.[In Persian].
78. Jalilian F, Jerome-D'Emilia B, Najafi F, et al (2022). Socio-economic status and clinical breast examination screening uptake: findings from the first cohort study among iranian kurdish women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 23 (5):1555-1564.
79. Safarpour M, Tiyuri A, and Mohamadzade M (2018). Knowledge, attitudes and practice of women towards breast cancer and its screening: Babol city. Iran J Health Sci, 6(4): 1-9.
80. Rezaeimanesh M, Solhi M, Ebadi-Fard-Azar E, et al (2021). Determinants of mammography screening in tehranian women in 2018 based on the health belief model: A cross-sectional study. J Educ Health Promot, 10:119.
81. Moodi M, Rezaeian M, Mostafavi F, et al (2012). Determinants of mammography screening behavior in iranian women: A population-based study. J Res Med Sci, 17(8):750-9.
82. Emami L, Ghahramanian A, Rahmani A, et al (2021). Beliefs, fear and awareness of women about breast cancer: Effects on mammography screening practices. Nurs Open, 8(2):890-899.
83. Morowatisharifabad M, Zeidabadinezhad M, and Karimizarchi M (2015). Study of mammography practice and its barriers among close relatives of breast cancer patients in sirjan. TB (Toloo-e-Behdasht), 13(6): 127-137.[In Persian].
84. Badakhsh M, Balouchi A, Taheri S, et al (2018). Attitude and practice regarding breast cancer early detection among iranian women: A systematic review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 19(1):9-16.
85. Majidi A, Majidi S, Salimzadeh S, et al (2017). Cancer screening awareness and practice in a middle income country; a systematic review from iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 18(12):3187-3194.
86. Hatefnia E, Niknami Sh, Bazargan M, et al (2010). Correlates of mammography utilization among working muslim iranian women. Health Care Women Int, 31(6):499-514.
87. Farshbaf-Khalili A, Shahnazi M, Vahed L, et al (2014). Status of breast self-examination performance among wom-en referring to health centers of Tabriz, Iran. CJMB, 1(3): 090-096.
88. Dianatinasab M, Mohammadianpanah M, Daneshi N, et al (2018). Socioeconomic factors, health behavior, and late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer: considering the impact of delay in diagnosis. Clin Breast Cancer, 18(3):239-245.
89. Momenimovahed Z, Tiznobaik A, Taheri S, et al (2020). A review of barriers and fa-cilitators to mammography in asian women. Ecancermedicalscience, 14:1146.
90. Monfared A, Ghanbari A, Jansar-Hosseini L, et al (2017). Status of Screening by Mammography and its Related Factors in the General Population of Women in Rasht. IJN, 30(107):32-41. [In Persian].
91. Montazeri A, Vahdaninia M, Harirchi I, et al (2008). Breast cancer in iran: need for greater women awareness of warning signs and effective screening methods. Asia Pac Fam Med, 7(1):6.
92. Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Ghorbani P, and Jalilian F (2018). Socio-cognitive determinants of the mammography screening uptake among iranian women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 19(5):1351-1355.
93. Saeedi H, Akbari H, Fuladiyan M, et al (2022). Social determinants associated with disease diagnosis in women with breast cancer. IJBD, 15(3): 45-66.[In Persian].
94. Noori K, Sahraee P, and Keshavarz-Mohammadi N (2021). Barriers to participation of breast cancer patients’ relatives in mammographic screening. IJBD, 14(2):26–40.[In Persian].
95. Azami-Aghdash S, Ghojazadeh M, Sheyklo SG, et al (2015). Breast cancer screening barriers from the womans perspective: a meta-synthesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 16(8):3463-71.
96. Moghaddam-Tabrizi F, Vahdati S, Khanahmadi S, et al (2018). Determinants of breast cancer screening by mammography in women referred to health centers of urmia, iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 19(4):997-1003.
97. Hajizadeh A, Mohammaddokht S, Dorri-Kafrani S, et al (2023). Factors influencing iranian women’s participation in breast cancer screening programs: A systematic review. EBHPME, 7(2): 158-171
98. Khazaee-pool M, Majlessi F, Foroushani AR, et al (2014). Perception of breast cancer screening among iranian women without experience of mammography: a qualitative study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15(9):3965-71.
99. Irani M, Nosrati SF, Ghaffari F, et al (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of women regarding breast cancer screening behaviors in mashhad, iran. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 9(2): 2726-2735.
100. Izanloo A, Ghaffarzadehgan K, Khoshroo F, et al (2018). Knowledge and attitude of women regarding breast cancer screening tests in eastern iran. Ecancermedicalscience, 12:806.
101. Rezapour A, Pirani N, Bouzarjomehri H, et al (2021). Cost-effectiveness of digital mammography compared to film mammography in screening of breast cancer: a systematic review. Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 28(2):118–124.
102. Vakili M, Jafarizadeh M, Sadeghian M, et al (2009). Burden of breast cancer in females of yazd province, 2006. Feiz, 13(1):31–36.[In Persian].
103. Daroudi R, Akbari-Sari A, Nahvijou A, et al (2015). The economic burden of breast cancer in iran. Iran J Public Health, 44(9):1225–1233.
104. Davari M, Yazdanpanah F, Aslani A, et al (2013). The direct medical costs of breast cancer in iran: Analyzing the patient’s level data from a cancer specific hospital in isfahan. Int J Prev Med, 4(7):748-54.
105. Jalali FS, Keshavarz K, Seif M, et al (2023). Economic burden of breast cancer: a case of southern iran. Cost Eff Resour Alloc, 21(1):58.
106. Sepanlou SG, Poustchi H, Kamangar F, and Malekzadeh R (2011). Effectiveness and feasibility of lifestyle and low-cost pharmacologic interventions in the prevention of chronic diseases: a review. Arch Iran Med, 14(1):46-53.
107. Mousavi SM, Mohaghegghi MA, Mousavi-Jerrahi A, et al (2006). Burden of breast cancer in iran: a study of the tehran population based cancer registry. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 7(4):571-4.
108. Aryannejad A, Saeedi-Moghaddam S, Mashinchi B, et al (2023). National and subnational burden of female and male breast cancer and risk factors in iran from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Breast Cancer Res, 25(1):47.
109. Ataeinia B, Saeedi-Moghaddam S, Shabani M, et al (2021). National and subnational incidence, mortality, and years of life lost due to breast cancer in iran: trends and age-period-cohort analysis since 1990. Front Oncol, 11:561376.
110. Safari H, Poder TG, Afshari S, et al (2022). Determination of a cost-effectiveness threshold for cancer interventions in iran. Front Oncol, 12:1039589.
111. Rashidian A, Barfar E, Hosseini H, et al (2013). Cost effectiveness of breast cancer screening using mammography; a systematic review. Iran J Public Health, 42(4):347–357.
112. Bastani P, and Ahmad-Kiadaliri A (2012). Cost-utility analysis of adjuvant therapies for breast cancer in iran. Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 28(2):110-4.
113. Afkar A, Jalilian H, Pourreza A, et al (2021). Cost analysis of breast cancer: a comparison between private and public hospitals in iran. BMC Health Serv Res, 21(1):219.
114. Askarzade E, Adel A, Ebrahimipour H, et al (2019). Epidemiology and cost of patients with cancer in iran: 2018. Middle East J Cancer, 10(4): 362-371.
115. Sargazi N, Daroudi R, Zendehdel K, et al (2022). Economic burden of gynecological cancers in iran. Value Health Reg Issues, 28:1-6.
116. Barfar E, Rashidian A, Hosseini H, et al (2014). Cost-effectiveness of mammography screening for breast cancer in a low socioeconomic group of iranian women. Arch Iran Med, 17(4):241-5
117. Hatam N, Ahmadloo N,Vazirzadeh M, et al (2016). Cost-effectiveness of intensive vs.standard follow-up models for patients with breast cancer in shiraz, iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17(12):5309-5314.
118. Haghighat S, Akbari ME, Yavari P, et al (2016). Cost-effectiveness of three rounds of mammography breast cancer screening in iranian women. Iran J Cancer Prev, 9(1):e5443.
119. Zehtab N, Jafari M, Barooni M, et al (2016). Cost-effectiveness analysis of breast cancer screening in rural Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17(2):609-14.
120. Askarian M, Dianat S, Tahmasebi S, et al (2022). Cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening in shiraz, iran. Int J Prev Med, 13:147.
121. Akbari-Sari A, Zendehdel K, Harirchi I, et al (2022). Cost effectiveness of mammography focusing on mobile mammography for breast cancer screening in iran: A review study. IJOGI, 24(12):98-109.
122. Adibi A, Golshahi M, Sirus M, et al (2015). Breast cancer screening: Evidence of the effect of adjunct ultrasound screening in women with unilateral mammography-negative dense breasts. J Res Med Sci, 20(3):228-32.
123. Kalantari M, Joulaee A, Kadivar M, et al (2012). Breast cancer control in iran: Specialized breast unit/national screening: Which one is the urgent priority? Journal of Clinical Oncology, 30(27).
124. Roshandel G, Ferlay J, Ghanbari-Motlagh A, et al (2021). Cancer in iran 2008 to 2025: Recent incidence trends and short-term predictions of the future burden. Int J Cancer, 149(3):594-605.
125. Rafiemanesh H, Salehiniya H, and Lotfi Z (2016). Breast cancer in iranian woman: Incidence by age group, morphology and trends. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17(3):1393-7.
126. Samah AA, and Ahmadian M (2012). Socio-demographic correlates of participation in mammography: a survey among women aged between 35-69 in Tehran, Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 13(6):2717-20.
127. Tabár BV, Fagerberg G, Chen HH, et al. (1995). Efficacy of breast cancer screening by age. New results from the Swedish Two-County Trial. Cancer, 75(10):2507–2517.
128. Tabár BV, Fagerberg G, Chen HH, et al. (2000). The Swedish Two-County Trial twenty years later. Updated mortality results and new insights from long-term follow-up. Radiol Clin North Am, 38(4):625-51.
129. Khani-Jeihooni A, Darvishi N, and Harsini PA (2020). The effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on mammography screening in iranian women. J Cancer Educ, 35(2):264-273.
130. Agide FD, Sadeghi R, Garmaroudi G, et al (2018). A systematic review of health promotion interventions to increase breast cancer screening uptake: from the last 12 years. Eur J Public Health, 28(6):1149-1155.
Files | ||
Issue | Vol 54 No 1 (2025) | |
Section | Review Article(s) | |
Keywords | ||
Breast cancer Burden Epidemiology Iran |
Rights and permissions | |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |