Addressing Challenges of Implementing Community First Responder Models based on National and International Experiences: A Systematic Scoping Review
-
Abbas Nabore
,
Mehrdad Farrokhi
,
Shokoufeh Ahmadi
,
Mohammad Saatchi
,
Fereydoun Layeghi
,
Hamidreza Khankeh
Abstract
Background: This systematic scoping review aimed to investigate and delineate the dimensions of the Community First Responder (CFR) model implemented in emergency medical services (EMS) across different countries. The primary focus was on identifying key components and characteristics associated with CFR programs.
Methods: This study conducted an extensive search across multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and grey literature sources (Google Scholar, official sites) until Mar 2023 using keywords related to community first responders. Initially, 14,135 articles were found. After removing duplicates and similar titles, 37 articles were reviewed. The analysis covered training, motivation, public awareness, emotional support for responders, coordination with ambulance staff, program development, and the impact on patient outcomes.
Results: This review revealed key dimensions and components common to CFR models worldwide. Notable findings included insights into the significance of training, the motivating factors for individuals joining CFR groups, public awareness regarding the role of CFRs, the importance of emotional support for CFRs, effective coordination with ambulance staff, development requirements of CFR programs, and the consequential effects of plan implementation on patient outcomes.
Conclusion: This systematic scoping review offers valuable insights into CFR models worldwide, enhancing understanding of their effectiveness, challenges, and capabilities. Its recommendations can influence policy, guide future research, and strengthen CFRs' contributions to emergency medical services.
1. Campbell A, Ellington M (2016). Reducing time to first on scene: an ambulance-community first responder scheme. Emerg Med Int 2016:1915895
2. Roberts A, Nimegeer A, Farmer J, et al (2014). The experience of community first responders in co-producing rural health care. BMC Health Serv Res, 14 :460.
3. Barry T,Guerin S,Headon M,et al (2020). GPs who volunteer to be first responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A qualitative study. Eur J Gen Pract, 26 (1):33-41.
4. Zinckernagel L,Hansen CM,Rod MH,et al (2017). A qualitative study to identify barriers to deployment and student training in the use of automated external defibrillators in schools. BMC Emerg Med, 17 (1):3.
5. Hsia RY,Huang D,Mann NC,et al (2018). A US national study of the association between income and ambulance response time in cardiac arrest. JAMA Netw Open,1 (7):e185202.
6. Berdowski J,Berg RA,Tijssen JG, et al (2010). Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: systematic review of 67 prospective studies. Resuscitation,81 (11):1479-87.
7. Scquizzato T,Pallanch O,Belletti A, et al (2020). Enhancing citizens response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review of mobile-phone systems to alert citizens as first responders. Resuscitation,152:16-25.
8. Wesson HK,Boikhutso N,Bachani AM, et al (2014). The cost of injury and trauma care in low-and middle-income countries. Health Policy Plan, 29 (6):795-808.
9. Rhee P,Joseph B,Pandit V, Aziz H, et al (2014). Increasing trauma deaths in the United States. Ann Surg, 260 (1):13-21.
10. Latour J, McDonough E (2019). Medical Reserve Corps: Increasing Community Resilience in Mass Casualties Through Active Bystander Training. Health Secur, 17 (6):507-11.
11. Chambers JA,Seastedt K, Krell R, et al (2019). “Stop the Bleed”: a US military installation’s model for implementation of a rapid hemorrhage control program. Mil Med, 184 (3-4):67-71.
12. Khalemsky M,Schwartz DG, Herbst R, et al (2020). Motivation of emergency medical services volunteers: a study of organized Good Samaritans. Isr J Health Policy Res, 9 (1):11.
13. Murad MK,Husum H (2010). Trained lay first responders reduce trauma mortality: a controlled study of rural trauma in Iraq. Prehosp Disaster Med, 25 (6):533-9.
14. Stroop R, Kerner T, Strickmann B, et al (2020). Mobile phone-based alerting of CPR-trained volunteers simultaneously with the ambulance can reduce the resuscitation-free interval and improve outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a German, population-based cohort study. Resuscitation,147:57-64.
15. Kindness P, Fitzpatrick D, Mellish C, et al (2014). An insight into the demands and stressors experienced by community first responders. Journal of Paramedic Practice, 6 (7):362-9.
16. Barry T, Doheny MC, Masterson S, et al (2019). Community first responders for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7(7):CD012764.
17. Weir A (2015). Community first responders: improving access to defibrillation in cardiac arrest. Journal of Paramedic Practice,7 (3):114-6.
18. Phung V-H, Trueman I, Togher F, et al (2017). Community first responders and responder schemes in the United Kingdom: systematic scoping review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 25:58.
19. Capucci A, Aschieri D, Piepoli MF, et al (2002). Tripling survival from sudden cardiac arrest via early defibrillation without traditional education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation, 106 (9):1065-70.
20. Toyokuni Y, Suzukawa M, Yamashita K, et al (2013). Introduction of the community first responder system into Japan: is that possible? Int J Emerg Med, 6 (1):34.
21. Metelmann C, Metelmann B, Kohnen D, et al (2021). Smartphone-based dispatch of community first responders to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-statements from an international consensus conference. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 29 (1):29.
22. Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, et al (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ, 349: g7647.
23. Högstedt A, Thuccani M, Carlström E, et al (2022). Characteristics and motivational factors for joining a lay responder system dispatch to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 30 (1):22.
24. Barry T, Headon M, Quinn M, et al (2021). General practice and cardiac arrest community first response in Ireland. Resusc Plus, 6:100127.
25. Smith CM, Lall R, Fothergill RT, et al (2022). The effect of the GoodSAM volunteer first-responder app on survival to hospital discharge following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care, 11 (1):20-31.
26. Stieglis R, Zijlstra JA, Riedijk F, et al (2022). Alert system-supported lay defibrillation and basic life-support for cardiac arrest at home. Eur Heart J, 43 (15):1465-74.
27. Ming Ng W, De Souza CR, Pek PP, et al (2021). myResponder smartphone application to crowdsource basic life support for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Singapore experience. Prehosp Emerg Care, 25 (3):388-96.
28. Andelius L, Malta Hansen C, Lippert FK, et al (2020). Smartphone activation of citizen responders to facilitate defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol, 76 (1):43-53.
29. Auricchio A, Gianquintieri L, Burkart R, et al (2019). Real-life time and distance covered by lay first responders alerted by means of smartphone-application: Implications for early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and access to automatic external defibrillators. Resuscitation, 141:182-7.
30. Sarkisian L, Mickley H, Schakow H, et al (2020). Global positioning system alerted volunteer first responders arrive before emergency medical services in more than four out of five emergency calls. Resuscitation, 152:170-6.
31. Berglund E, Claesson A, Nordberg P, et al (2018). A smartphone application for dispatch of lay responders to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Resuscitation, 126:160-5.
32. Yafe E, Walker BB, Amram O, et al (2019). Volunteer first responders for optimizing management of mass casualty incidents. Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 13 (2):287-94.
33. Barry T, González A, Conroy N, et al (2018). Mapping the potential of community first responders to increase cardiac arrest survival. Open Heart, 5 (2):e000912.
34. Caputo ML, Muschietti S, Burkart R, et al (2017). Lay persons alerted by mobile application system initiate earlier cardio-pulmonary resuscitation: a comparison with SMS-based system notification. Resuscitation, 114:73-8.
35. Barry T, Conroy N, Headon M, et al (2017). The MERIT 3 project: alerting general practitioners to cardiac arrest in the community. Resuscitation, 121:141-6.
36. Henriksen FL, Schorling P, Hansen B, et al (2016). FirstAED emergency dispatch, global positioning of community first responders with distinct roles-a solution to reduce the response times and ensuring an AED to early defibrillation in the rural area Langeland. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 16 (1):86-102.
37. Pijls RW, Nelemans PJ, Rahel BM, Gorgels AP (2016). A text message alert system for trained volunteers improves out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. Resuscitation, 105:182-7.
38. Brooks SC, Simmons G, Worthington H, et al (2016). The PulsePoint Respond mobile device application to crowdsource basic life support for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: challenges for optimal implementation. Resuscitation, 98:20-6.
39. Seligman WH, Ganatra S, England D, Black JJ (2016). Initial experience in setting up a medical student first responder scheme in South Central England. Emerg Med J, 33 (2):155-8.
40. Hansen CM, Kragholm K, Pearson DA, et al (2015). Association of bystander and first-responder intervention with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in North Carolina, 2010-2013. JAMA, 314 (3):255-64.
41. Ringh M, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, et al (2015). Mobile-phone dispatch of laypersons for CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med, 372 (24):2316-25.
42. Hansen CM, Kragholm K, Granger CB, et al (2015). The role of bystanders, first responders, and emergency medical service providers in timely defibrillation and related outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: results from a statewide registry. Resuscitation, 96:303-9.
43. Dennis M, Kindness P, Masthoff J, et al (2013). Towards effective emotional support for Community First Responders experiencing stress. In2013 Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 2 :763-768
44. Ringh M, Fredman D, Nordberg P, et al (2011). Mobile phone technology identifies and recruits trained citizens to perform CPR on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims prior to ambulance arrival. Resuscitation, 82 (12):1514-8.
45. Patel G, Phung V-H, Trueman I, et al (2023). Common hierarchies, varied rules-the problem of governing community first responders in prehospital care for quality standards: documentary discourse analysis. BMC Health Serv Res, 23 (1):38.
46. Källestedt M-LS, Lindén H, Bjurling-Sjöberg P (2022). Smartphone activated community first responders’ experiences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests alerts, a qualitative study. Resusc Plus,10:100246.
47. Barry T, Guerin S, Bury G (2019). Motivation, challenges and realities of volunteer community cardiac arrest response: a qualitative study of ‘lay’community first responders. BMJ Open, 9 (8):e029015.
48. Phung V-H, Trueman I, Togher F, et al (2018). Perceptions and experiences of community first responders on their role and relationships: qualitative interview study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 26:13.
49. Ozcan K, Jorgenson D, Richard C, Hsieh G (2017). Designing for targeted responder models: exploring barriers to respond. InProceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, pp. 916-924.
50. Timmons S, Vernon-Evans A (2013). Why do people volunteer for community first responder groups? Emerg Med J, 30 (3):e13.
51. O’Meara P, Tourle V, Rae J (2012). Factors influencing the successful integration of ambulance volunteers and first responders into ambulance services. Health Soc Care Community, 20 (5):488-96.
52. Zsifkovits M, Cheng SH, Waldner F, Heidenberger K (2012). Smartphone-Based Coordination Support for the Austrian Medical First Responder System. In2012 Third International Conference on Emerging Intelligent Data and Web Technologies, (pp. 140-146). IEEE.
53. Oving I, Masterson S, Tjelmeland IB, et al (2019). First-response treatment after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a survey of current practices across 29 countries in Europe. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 27:112.
54. Farmer J, Currie M, Kenny A, Munoz S-A (2015). An exploration of the longer-term impacts of community participation in rural health services design. Soc Sci Med, 141:64-71.
55. Chugh SS, Jui J, Salvucci A (2020). Pivotal role in the community response to cardiac arrest: the smart bystander. J Am Coll Cardiol, 76(1):54-56.
56. Hasselqvist-Ax I, Nordberg P, Svensson L, et al (2019). Experiences among firefighters and police officers of responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a dual dispatch programme in Sweden: an interview study. BMJ Open, 9 (11):e030895.
57. Grönlund H, Holmes K, Kang C, et al (2011). Cultural values and volunteering: A cross-cultural comparison of students’ motivation to volunteer in 13 countries. J Acad Ethics, 9:87-106.
58. Gomes HF, de Azevedo Gonçalves FG, da Silva Pires A, et al (2016). Precarização do trabalho de enfermagem e repercussões na saúde dos trabalhadores brasileiros: revisão integrativa: Reflection of nursing labor precarization in brazil for nursing workforce health status: an integrative review. Revista Enfermagem Atual In Derme, 77 (15).
59. Gulam H, Devereux J (2007). A brief primer on Good Samaritan law for health care professionals. Aust Health Rev, 31 (3):478-82.
60. Heffernan E, Oving I, Barry T, et al (2019). Factors that motivate individuals to volunteer to be dispatched as first responders in the event of a medical emergency: a systematic review protocol. HRB Open Res, 2:34.
61. Smartphone penetration rate in selected countries 2022 [Internet]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/539395/smartphone-penetration-worldwide-by-country/
62. Holmberg M, Holmberg S, J Herlitz, et al (2001). Factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. Eur Heart J, 22 (6):511-9.
63. Herlitz J, Svensson L, Holmberg S, et al (2005). Efficacy of bystander CPR: intervention by lay people and by health care professionals. Resuscitation, 66 (3):291-5.
64. Zijlstra JA, Stieglis R, Riedijk F, et al (2014). Local lay rescuers with AEDs, alerted by text messages, contribute to early defibrillation in a Dutch out-of-hospital cardiac arrest dispatch system. Resuscitation, 85 (11):1444-9.
65. Krammel M, Lobmeyr E, Sulzgruber P, et al (2020). The impact of a high-quality basic life support police-based first responder system on outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PLoS One, 15 (6):e0233966.
66. Weerasinghe D, Rajarajan M, Rakocevic V, 2009editors. Device data protection in mobile healthcare applications. Electronic Healthcare: First International Conference, eHealth 2008, London, UK, September 8-9, 2008 Revised Selected Papers 1 Springer.
67. Attum B, Hafiz S, Malik A, Shamoon Z (2022, January). Cultural competence in the care of Muslim patients and their families. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan.
68. McBride R, Ski CF, Thompson DR, et al (2020). Championing survival: connecting the unknown network of responders to address out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 28:49.
2. Roberts A, Nimegeer A, Farmer J, et al (2014). The experience of community first responders in co-producing rural health care. BMC Health Serv Res, 14 :460.
3. Barry T,Guerin S,Headon M,et al (2020). GPs who volunteer to be first responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A qualitative study. Eur J Gen Pract, 26 (1):33-41.
4. Zinckernagel L,Hansen CM,Rod MH,et al (2017). A qualitative study to identify barriers to deployment and student training in the use of automated external defibrillators in schools. BMC Emerg Med, 17 (1):3.
5. Hsia RY,Huang D,Mann NC,et al (2018). A US national study of the association between income and ambulance response time in cardiac arrest. JAMA Netw Open,1 (7):e185202.
6. Berdowski J,Berg RA,Tijssen JG, et al (2010). Global incidences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival rates: systematic review of 67 prospective studies. Resuscitation,81 (11):1479-87.
7. Scquizzato T,Pallanch O,Belletti A, et al (2020). Enhancing citizens response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review of mobile-phone systems to alert citizens as first responders. Resuscitation,152:16-25.
8. Wesson HK,Boikhutso N,Bachani AM, et al (2014). The cost of injury and trauma care in low-and middle-income countries. Health Policy Plan, 29 (6):795-808.
9. Rhee P,Joseph B,Pandit V, Aziz H, et al (2014). Increasing trauma deaths in the United States. Ann Surg, 260 (1):13-21.
10. Latour J, McDonough E (2019). Medical Reserve Corps: Increasing Community Resilience in Mass Casualties Through Active Bystander Training. Health Secur, 17 (6):507-11.
11. Chambers JA,Seastedt K, Krell R, et al (2019). “Stop the Bleed”: a US military installation’s model for implementation of a rapid hemorrhage control program. Mil Med, 184 (3-4):67-71.
12. Khalemsky M,Schwartz DG, Herbst R, et al (2020). Motivation of emergency medical services volunteers: a study of organized Good Samaritans. Isr J Health Policy Res, 9 (1):11.
13. Murad MK,Husum H (2010). Trained lay first responders reduce trauma mortality: a controlled study of rural trauma in Iraq. Prehosp Disaster Med, 25 (6):533-9.
14. Stroop R, Kerner T, Strickmann B, et al (2020). Mobile phone-based alerting of CPR-trained volunteers simultaneously with the ambulance can reduce the resuscitation-free interval and improve outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a German, population-based cohort study. Resuscitation,147:57-64.
15. Kindness P, Fitzpatrick D, Mellish C, et al (2014). An insight into the demands and stressors experienced by community first responders. Journal of Paramedic Practice, 6 (7):362-9.
16. Barry T, Doheny MC, Masterson S, et al (2019). Community first responders for out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7(7):CD012764.
17. Weir A (2015). Community first responders: improving access to defibrillation in cardiac arrest. Journal of Paramedic Practice,7 (3):114-6.
18. Phung V-H, Trueman I, Togher F, et al (2017). Community first responders and responder schemes in the United Kingdom: systematic scoping review. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 25:58.
19. Capucci A, Aschieri D, Piepoli MF, et al (2002). Tripling survival from sudden cardiac arrest via early defibrillation without traditional education in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation, 106 (9):1065-70.
20. Toyokuni Y, Suzukawa M, Yamashita K, et al (2013). Introduction of the community first responder system into Japan: is that possible? Int J Emerg Med, 6 (1):34.
21. Metelmann C, Metelmann B, Kohnen D, et al (2021). Smartphone-based dispatch of community first responders to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest-statements from an international consensus conference. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 29 (1):29.
22. Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, et al (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ, 349: g7647.
23. Högstedt A, Thuccani M, Carlström E, et al (2022). Characteristics and motivational factors for joining a lay responder system dispatch to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 30 (1):22.
24. Barry T, Headon M, Quinn M, et al (2021). General practice and cardiac arrest community first response in Ireland. Resusc Plus, 6:100127.
25. Smith CM, Lall R, Fothergill RT, et al (2022). The effect of the GoodSAM volunteer first-responder app on survival to hospital discharge following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care, 11 (1):20-31.
26. Stieglis R, Zijlstra JA, Riedijk F, et al (2022). Alert system-supported lay defibrillation and basic life-support for cardiac arrest at home. Eur Heart J, 43 (15):1465-74.
27. Ming Ng W, De Souza CR, Pek PP, et al (2021). myResponder smartphone application to crowdsource basic life support for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: the Singapore experience. Prehosp Emerg Care, 25 (3):388-96.
28. Andelius L, Malta Hansen C, Lippert FK, et al (2020). Smartphone activation of citizen responders to facilitate defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol, 76 (1):43-53.
29. Auricchio A, Gianquintieri L, Burkart R, et al (2019). Real-life time and distance covered by lay first responders alerted by means of smartphone-application: Implications for early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and access to automatic external defibrillators. Resuscitation, 141:182-7.
30. Sarkisian L, Mickley H, Schakow H, et al (2020). Global positioning system alerted volunteer first responders arrive before emergency medical services in more than four out of five emergency calls. Resuscitation, 152:170-6.
31. Berglund E, Claesson A, Nordberg P, et al (2018). A smartphone application for dispatch of lay responders to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Resuscitation, 126:160-5.
32. Yafe E, Walker BB, Amram O, et al (2019). Volunteer first responders for optimizing management of mass casualty incidents. Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 13 (2):287-94.
33. Barry T, González A, Conroy N, et al (2018). Mapping the potential of community first responders to increase cardiac arrest survival. Open Heart, 5 (2):e000912.
34. Caputo ML, Muschietti S, Burkart R, et al (2017). Lay persons alerted by mobile application system initiate earlier cardio-pulmonary resuscitation: a comparison with SMS-based system notification. Resuscitation, 114:73-8.
35. Barry T, Conroy N, Headon M, et al (2017). The MERIT 3 project: alerting general practitioners to cardiac arrest in the community. Resuscitation, 121:141-6.
36. Henriksen FL, Schorling P, Hansen B, et al (2016). FirstAED emergency dispatch, global positioning of community first responders with distinct roles-a solution to reduce the response times and ensuring an AED to early defibrillation in the rural area Langeland. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 16 (1):86-102.
37. Pijls RW, Nelemans PJ, Rahel BM, Gorgels AP (2016). A text message alert system for trained volunteers improves out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. Resuscitation, 105:182-7.
38. Brooks SC, Simmons G, Worthington H, et al (2016). The PulsePoint Respond mobile device application to crowdsource basic life support for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: challenges for optimal implementation. Resuscitation, 98:20-6.
39. Seligman WH, Ganatra S, England D, Black JJ (2016). Initial experience in setting up a medical student first responder scheme in South Central England. Emerg Med J, 33 (2):155-8.
40. Hansen CM, Kragholm K, Pearson DA, et al (2015). Association of bystander and first-responder intervention with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in North Carolina, 2010-2013. JAMA, 314 (3):255-64.
41. Ringh M, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, et al (2015). Mobile-phone dispatch of laypersons for CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med, 372 (24):2316-25.
42. Hansen CM, Kragholm K, Granger CB, et al (2015). The role of bystanders, first responders, and emergency medical service providers in timely defibrillation and related outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: results from a statewide registry. Resuscitation, 96:303-9.
43. Dennis M, Kindness P, Masthoff J, et al (2013). Towards effective emotional support for Community First Responders experiencing stress. In2013 Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, 2 :763-768
44. Ringh M, Fredman D, Nordberg P, et al (2011). Mobile phone technology identifies and recruits trained citizens to perform CPR on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims prior to ambulance arrival. Resuscitation, 82 (12):1514-8.
45. Patel G, Phung V-H, Trueman I, et al (2023). Common hierarchies, varied rules-the problem of governing community first responders in prehospital care for quality standards: documentary discourse analysis. BMC Health Serv Res, 23 (1):38.
46. Källestedt M-LS, Lindén H, Bjurling-Sjöberg P (2022). Smartphone activated community first responders’ experiences of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests alerts, a qualitative study. Resusc Plus,10:100246.
47. Barry T, Guerin S, Bury G (2019). Motivation, challenges and realities of volunteer community cardiac arrest response: a qualitative study of ‘lay’community first responders. BMJ Open, 9 (8):e029015.
48. Phung V-H, Trueman I, Togher F, et al (2018). Perceptions and experiences of community first responders on their role and relationships: qualitative interview study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 26:13.
49. Ozcan K, Jorgenson D, Richard C, Hsieh G (2017). Designing for targeted responder models: exploring barriers to respond. InProceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, pp. 916-924.
50. Timmons S, Vernon-Evans A (2013). Why do people volunteer for community first responder groups? Emerg Med J, 30 (3):e13.
51. O’Meara P, Tourle V, Rae J (2012). Factors influencing the successful integration of ambulance volunteers and first responders into ambulance services. Health Soc Care Community, 20 (5):488-96.
52. Zsifkovits M, Cheng SH, Waldner F, Heidenberger K (2012). Smartphone-Based Coordination Support for the Austrian Medical First Responder System. In2012 Third International Conference on Emerging Intelligent Data and Web Technologies, (pp. 140-146). IEEE.
53. Oving I, Masterson S, Tjelmeland IB, et al (2019). First-response treatment after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a survey of current practices across 29 countries in Europe. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 27:112.
54. Farmer J, Currie M, Kenny A, Munoz S-A (2015). An exploration of the longer-term impacts of community participation in rural health services design. Soc Sci Med, 141:64-71.
55. Chugh SS, Jui J, Salvucci A (2020). Pivotal role in the community response to cardiac arrest: the smart bystander. J Am Coll Cardiol, 76(1):54-56.
56. Hasselqvist-Ax I, Nordberg P, Svensson L, et al (2019). Experiences among firefighters and police officers of responding to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a dual dispatch programme in Sweden: an interview study. BMJ Open, 9 (11):e030895.
57. Grönlund H, Holmes K, Kang C, et al (2011). Cultural values and volunteering: A cross-cultural comparison of students’ motivation to volunteer in 13 countries. J Acad Ethics, 9:87-106.
58. Gomes HF, de Azevedo Gonçalves FG, da Silva Pires A, et al (2016). Precarização do trabalho de enfermagem e repercussões na saúde dos trabalhadores brasileiros: revisão integrativa: Reflection of nursing labor precarization in brazil for nursing workforce health status: an integrative review. Revista Enfermagem Atual In Derme, 77 (15).
59. Gulam H, Devereux J (2007). A brief primer on Good Samaritan law for health care professionals. Aust Health Rev, 31 (3):478-82.
60. Heffernan E, Oving I, Barry T, et al (2019). Factors that motivate individuals to volunteer to be dispatched as first responders in the event of a medical emergency: a systematic review protocol. HRB Open Res, 2:34.
61. Smartphone penetration rate in selected countries 2022 [Internet]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/539395/smartphone-penetration-worldwide-by-country/
62. Holmberg M, Holmberg S, J Herlitz, et al (2001). Factors modifying the effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. Eur Heart J, 22 (6):511-9.
63. Herlitz J, Svensson L, Holmberg S, et al (2005). Efficacy of bystander CPR: intervention by lay people and by health care professionals. Resuscitation, 66 (3):291-5.
64. Zijlstra JA, Stieglis R, Riedijk F, et al (2014). Local lay rescuers with AEDs, alerted by text messages, contribute to early defibrillation in a Dutch out-of-hospital cardiac arrest dispatch system. Resuscitation, 85 (11):1444-9.
65. Krammel M, Lobmeyr E, Sulzgruber P, et al (2020). The impact of a high-quality basic life support police-based first responder system on outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. PLoS One, 15 (6):e0233966.
66. Weerasinghe D, Rajarajan M, Rakocevic V, 2009editors. Device data protection in mobile healthcare applications. Electronic Healthcare: First International Conference, eHealth 2008, London, UK, September 8-9, 2008 Revised Selected Papers 1 Springer.
67. Attum B, Hafiz S, Malik A, Shamoon Z (2022, January). Cultural competence in the care of Muslim patients and their families. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan.
68. McBride R, Ski CF, Thompson DR, et al (2020). Championing survival: connecting the unknown network of responders to address out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med, 28:49.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 12 (2024) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Community first responder Emergency medical services Trained volunteers | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Nabore A, Farrokhi M, Ahmadi S, Saatchi M, Layeghi F, Khankeh H. Addressing Challenges of Implementing Community First Responder Models based on National and International Experiences: A Systematic Scoping Review. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(12):2659-2670.
