Effect of Oral Function Training on Swallowing Function in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals
Abstract
Background: Dry mouth, masticatory discomfort, and swallowing in older individuals are important factors affecting overall health. To improve their quality of life, efforts are required to improve their oral function. Therefore, this study implemented a training program evaluating oral function to confirm improvements in swallowing.
Methods: The study was conducted for approximately 4 months, from Jul to Oct 2023. Participants aged 65 yr or older were selected from welfare facilities in the metropolitan region, with 24 participants in both the intervention and control groups.
Results: As a result of a study conducted on oral function training program, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in the simulated swallowing flow rate (P <0.05), bite force (P <0.001), and tongue pressure (P <0.001).
Conclusion: The oral function training program effectively improved simulated swallowing flow rate, bite force, and tongue pressure. Consequently, there is an opportunity to implement oral function training programs at accessible welfare centers for older individuals in the community.
1. Korean Statistical Information Service (2023). 2023 Elderly’s statistics. Available from: https://kosis.kr/index/index.do
2. Kwak YH, Kim YJ (2017). Health-related quality of life and mental health of elderly by occupational sta-tus. Iran J Public Health, 46 (8): 1028-37.
3. Lee SM, Cho EP, Hwang WS, et al (2011). The change of oral function before and after practicing program for oral function improving. J Dent Hyg Sci, 11 (6): 497-503.
4. Dibello V, Zupo R, Sardone R, et al (2021). Oral frailty and its determi-nants in older age: a systematic review. Lancet Healthy Longev, 2 (8): e507-e520.
5. Chen PH, Golub JS, Hapner ER, et al (2009). Prevalence of perceived dys-phagia and quality-of-life impairment in a geriatric population. Dysphagia, 24 (1): 1-6.
6. Minakuchi S, Tsuga K, Ikebe K, et al (2018). Oral hypofunction in the older population: Position paper of the Jap-anese Society of Gerodontology in 2016. Gerodontology, 35 (4): 317-24.
7. Shirobe M, Watanabe Y, Tanaka T, et al (2022). Effect of an Oral Frailty Measures Program on Community-Dwelling Elderly People: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Geronto-logy, 68 (4): 377-86.
8. Hwang YS, Cho EP (2009). A study on elderly people's satisfaction level with oral exercise program. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg, 9 (4): 795-807.
9. Lee KH, Lee KY, Choi YY, et al (2020). Effects of Professional Oral Health Care Programs for Elderly Residents of Nursing Facilities. J Dent Hyg, 94 (6): 33-9.
10. Raj BT, Sreelekha B, Manjula A (2020). Effectiveness of oral exercise on oral function among the elderly. J Family Med Prim Care, 9 (4): 1896-903.
11. Hakuta C, Mori C, Ueno M, et al (2009). Evaluation of an oral function promo-tion program for the independent el-derly in Japan. Gerodontology, 26(4):250-8.
12. Park JS, Kim HJ, Oh DH (2015). Effect of tongue strength training using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument in stroke patients with dysphagia. J Phys Ther Sci, 27:3631-4.
13. Yoshikawa M, Fukuoka T, Mori T, et al (2021). Comparison of the Iowa oral performance instrument and JMS tongue pressure measurement device. J Dent Sci, 16 (1): 214-219.
14. Morita K, Tsuka H, Kato K, et al (2018). Factors related to masticatory perfor-mance in healthy elderly individuals. J Prosthodont Res, 62 (4): 432-435.
15. Shimizu A, Fujishima I, Maeda K, et al (2021). Effect of low tongue pressure on nutritional status and improvement of swallowing function in sarcopenic dysphagia. Nutrition, 90: 111295.
16. Silva JO, Giglio LD, Trawitzki LVVO (2023). Effects of tongue strengthen-ing exercises in healthy adults and el-derly: An integrative literature review. Codas, 35 (3): e20210213.
17. Kim WJ, Choi JB, Park JS, et al (2017). The effects of tongue stretching exer-cise on tongue length in healthy adults: a preliminary study. J Phys Ther Sci, 29 (11): 1929-30.
18. Kim HJ, Lee JY, Lee ES, et al (2019). Improvements in oral functions of el-derly after simple oral exercise. Clin In-terv Aging, 14: 915–24.
19. Sakai K, Nakayama E, Tohara H, et al (2019). Diagnostic accuracy of lip force and tongue strength for sarcope-nic dysphagia in older inpatients: A cross-sectional observational study. Clin Nutr, 38 (1): 303-309.
20. Ogawa N, Mori T, Fujishima I, et al (2018). Ultrasonography to measure swallowing muscle mass and quality in older patients with sarcopenic dyspha-gia. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 19 (6): 512-22.
21. Chen HJ, Chen JL, Chen CY, et al (2019). Effect of an oral health pro-gram on oral health, oral intake, and nutrition in patients with stroke and dysphagia in Taiwan: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16 (12): 2228.
22. Kim BI, Jeong SH, Chung KH, et al (2009). Subjective food intake ability in relation to maximal bite force among Korean adults. J Oral Rehabil, 36 (3): 168–75.
23. Noh DK, Choi SH, Choi CH, et al (2022). Validity & reliability of a Korean-version of eating assessment tool (K-EAT-10): Predicting the risk of aspira-tion in stroke patients. Commun Sci Disord, 27 (4): 830-43.
24. Kim YS, Shin KH, Park JR, et al (2016). The effect of oral function improvement with oral exercise program by elderly people. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg ,16 (4): 559-66.
25. Imamura Y, Chebib N, Ohta M, et al (2021). Validation of a novel diagnostic tool for decreased tongue pressure. J Oral Rehabil, 48 (11): 1219-25.
26. Yano J, Nagami S, Yokoyama T, Naka-mura K, Kobayashi M, Odan Y, et al (2021). Effects of tongue-strengthening self-exercises in healthy adults: a non-randomized controlled trial. Dysphagia, 36 (5):925-35.
27. Jang KA, Hwang IC (2011). Effects of mouth exercise on the improvements of oral function in elderly men. J Dent Hyg Sci, 11 (3): 257-63.
28. Shoji M (2010). The evaluation study of oral functions before/after the participation of the specified aged with possibility of long-term care need in the preventive care program based on the community support project, Proceedings of the Graduate School of Tokyo Dental Col-lege of Dental Hygiene. 22: 11-22
29. Ikebe K, Matsuda K, Kagawa R, et al (2011). Association of masticatory performance with age, gender, number of teeth, oc-clusal force and salivary flow in Japa-nese older adults: Is ageing a risk factor for masticatory dysfunction? Arch Oral Biol, 56 (10): 991-6.
30. Park TJ, Heo HJ, Cho MJ, et al (2021). As-sociation between masticatory function and cognitive impairment in the elderly. J Korean Acad Oral Health, 45 (2): 57-63.
31. Kim NS, Lee JH (2023). Effects of tongue strength training program combined with oral exercises on swallowing disor-der swallowing ability, and tongue pres-sure in the elderly. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg, 23 (2): 105-13.
32. Choi HE, Oh JC (2021). Literature review of the effect of tongue-pressure resistance training using the IOPI on tongue strength and swallowing function in pa-tients with dysphagia. Swallowing Rehabil, 4 (1): 1-16.
2. Kwak YH, Kim YJ (2017). Health-related quality of life and mental health of elderly by occupational sta-tus. Iran J Public Health, 46 (8): 1028-37.
3. Lee SM, Cho EP, Hwang WS, et al (2011). The change of oral function before and after practicing program for oral function improving. J Dent Hyg Sci, 11 (6): 497-503.
4. Dibello V, Zupo R, Sardone R, et al (2021). Oral frailty and its determi-nants in older age: a systematic review. Lancet Healthy Longev, 2 (8): e507-e520.
5. Chen PH, Golub JS, Hapner ER, et al (2009). Prevalence of perceived dys-phagia and quality-of-life impairment in a geriatric population. Dysphagia, 24 (1): 1-6.
6. Minakuchi S, Tsuga K, Ikebe K, et al (2018). Oral hypofunction in the older population: Position paper of the Jap-anese Society of Gerodontology in 2016. Gerodontology, 35 (4): 317-24.
7. Shirobe M, Watanabe Y, Tanaka T, et al (2022). Effect of an Oral Frailty Measures Program on Community-Dwelling Elderly People: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Geronto-logy, 68 (4): 377-86.
8. Hwang YS, Cho EP (2009). A study on elderly people's satisfaction level with oral exercise program. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg, 9 (4): 795-807.
9. Lee KH, Lee KY, Choi YY, et al (2020). Effects of Professional Oral Health Care Programs for Elderly Residents of Nursing Facilities. J Dent Hyg, 94 (6): 33-9.
10. Raj BT, Sreelekha B, Manjula A (2020). Effectiveness of oral exercise on oral function among the elderly. J Family Med Prim Care, 9 (4): 1896-903.
11. Hakuta C, Mori C, Ueno M, et al (2009). Evaluation of an oral function promo-tion program for the independent el-derly in Japan. Gerodontology, 26(4):250-8.
12. Park JS, Kim HJ, Oh DH (2015). Effect of tongue strength training using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument in stroke patients with dysphagia. J Phys Ther Sci, 27:3631-4.
13. Yoshikawa M, Fukuoka T, Mori T, et al (2021). Comparison of the Iowa oral performance instrument and JMS tongue pressure measurement device. J Dent Sci, 16 (1): 214-219.
14. Morita K, Tsuka H, Kato K, et al (2018). Factors related to masticatory perfor-mance in healthy elderly individuals. J Prosthodont Res, 62 (4): 432-435.
15. Shimizu A, Fujishima I, Maeda K, et al (2021). Effect of low tongue pressure on nutritional status and improvement of swallowing function in sarcopenic dysphagia. Nutrition, 90: 111295.
16. Silva JO, Giglio LD, Trawitzki LVVO (2023). Effects of tongue strengthen-ing exercises in healthy adults and el-derly: An integrative literature review. Codas, 35 (3): e20210213.
17. Kim WJ, Choi JB, Park JS, et al (2017). The effects of tongue stretching exer-cise on tongue length in healthy adults: a preliminary study. J Phys Ther Sci, 29 (11): 1929-30.
18. Kim HJ, Lee JY, Lee ES, et al (2019). Improvements in oral functions of el-derly after simple oral exercise. Clin In-terv Aging, 14: 915–24.
19. Sakai K, Nakayama E, Tohara H, et al (2019). Diagnostic accuracy of lip force and tongue strength for sarcope-nic dysphagia in older inpatients: A cross-sectional observational study. Clin Nutr, 38 (1): 303-309.
20. Ogawa N, Mori T, Fujishima I, et al (2018). Ultrasonography to measure swallowing muscle mass and quality in older patients with sarcopenic dyspha-gia. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 19 (6): 512-22.
21. Chen HJ, Chen JL, Chen CY, et al (2019). Effect of an oral health pro-gram on oral health, oral intake, and nutrition in patients with stroke and dysphagia in Taiwan: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16 (12): 2228.
22. Kim BI, Jeong SH, Chung KH, et al (2009). Subjective food intake ability in relation to maximal bite force among Korean adults. J Oral Rehabil, 36 (3): 168–75.
23. Noh DK, Choi SH, Choi CH, et al (2022). Validity & reliability of a Korean-version of eating assessment tool (K-EAT-10): Predicting the risk of aspira-tion in stroke patients. Commun Sci Disord, 27 (4): 830-43.
24. Kim YS, Shin KH, Park JR, et al (2016). The effect of oral function improvement with oral exercise program by elderly people. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg ,16 (4): 559-66.
25. Imamura Y, Chebib N, Ohta M, et al (2021). Validation of a novel diagnostic tool for decreased tongue pressure. J Oral Rehabil, 48 (11): 1219-25.
26. Yano J, Nagami S, Yokoyama T, Naka-mura K, Kobayashi M, Odan Y, et al (2021). Effects of tongue-strengthening self-exercises in healthy adults: a non-randomized controlled trial. Dysphagia, 36 (5):925-35.
27. Jang KA, Hwang IC (2011). Effects of mouth exercise on the improvements of oral function in elderly men. J Dent Hyg Sci, 11 (3): 257-63.
28. Shoji M (2010). The evaluation study of oral functions before/after the participation of the specified aged with possibility of long-term care need in the preventive care program based on the community support project, Proceedings of the Graduate School of Tokyo Dental Col-lege of Dental Hygiene. 22: 11-22
29. Ikebe K, Matsuda K, Kagawa R, et al (2011). Association of masticatory performance with age, gender, number of teeth, oc-clusal force and salivary flow in Japa-nese older adults: Is ageing a risk factor for masticatory dysfunction? Arch Oral Biol, 56 (10): 991-6.
30. Park TJ, Heo HJ, Cho MJ, et al (2021). As-sociation between masticatory function and cognitive impairment in the elderly. J Korean Acad Oral Health, 45 (2): 57-63.
31. Kim NS, Lee JH (2023). Effects of tongue strength training program combined with oral exercises on swallowing disor-der swallowing ability, and tongue pres-sure in the elderly. J Korean Soc Dent Hyg, 23 (2): 105-13.
32. Choi HE, Oh JC (2021). Literature review of the effect of tongue-pressure resistance training using the IOPI on tongue strength and swallowing function in pa-tients with dysphagia. Swallowing Rehabil, 4 (1): 1-16.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 11 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Older individuals Oral function training program Oral function exercise Tongue stretching exercise | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Lim H-J, Kwon J-Y, Tak N-Y, Im A-J, Kim H-J. Effect of Oral Function Training on Swallowing Function in Community-Dwelling Older Individuals. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(11):2528-2537.
