Unmet Need for Family Planning in Spatial Analysis: A Systematic Review
,
Abstract
Background: The unmet need for family planning is an indicator in monitoring and evaluating family planning programs in the decentralization era. Spatial analysis is an analytical tool that can understand the existence of family planning disparities among regions. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the application of spatial analysis in research related to the unmet need for family planning and to review its results.
Methods: The databases used in the literature search are PubMed, Scopus, and SpringerLink. The keywords used in the search were: “unmet need for family planning” OR “unmet need for contraception” AND (spatial OR geographic). Full-text articles from 2013 to 2022 were included.
Results: Of the 334 identified articles, 3 (three) articles were reviewed. The three studies used spatial analysis at the level of spatial data exploration by using global and local Moran Index tests, Getis-Ord Gi* local statistics, and natural break spatial techniques.
Conclusion: The use of advanced spatial analysis such as GWR and other regression analyzes is needed to investigate factors associated with regionally specific unmet need for family planning so that policy makers can allocate resources effectively.
1. Dockalova B, Katie Lau, Heather Barclay, et al (2016). Sustainable Development Goals and Family Planning 2020, Inter-national Planned Parenthood Federa-tion. London: International Planned Parenthood Federation. Available at: https://www.ippf.org/sites/default/files/2016-11/SDG and FP2020.pdf
2. United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (2019) Contraceptive use by method 2019: data booklet.
3. United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (2020). World family planning 2020 highlights : accelerating action to ensure universal access to family planning.
4. Cleland J, Harbison S, Shah IH (2014). Un-met Need for Contraception: Issues and Challenges. Stud Fam Plann, 45(2):105–122.
5. WHO (2014). Ensuring human rights within contraceptive programmes A human rights anal-ysis of existing quantitative indicators. Gene-va: WHO Press.
6. Nyarko SH, Sparks CS, Bitew F (2019). Spa-tio-temporal variations in unmet need for family planning in Ghana: 2003–2014. Genus, 75:22.
7. Tadele A, Abebaw D, Ali R (2019). Predic-tors of unmet need for family planning among all women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Contracept Reprod Med, 4:6.
8. Amraeni Y, Sudijanto K, Sabarinah S, et al (2021). Pola Unmet Need Kontrasepsi Modern di Indonesia-Analisis Lanjutan Data SDKI 2007, 2012 dan 2017. Jurnal Kesmas Jambi (JKMJ), 5(2):63–70.
9. Wafula, S.W (2015). Regional differences in unmet need for contraception in Kenya: Insights from survey data. BMC Women’s Health, 15:86.
10. Mercer LD, Lu F, and Proctor JL (2019). Sub-national levels and trends in con-traceptive prevalence, unmet need, and demand for family planning in Nigeria with survey uncertainty. BMC Public Health, 19:1752.
11. Nzokirishaka A, Itua I (2018). Determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women of reproductive age in Burundi: a cross-sectional study. Contracept Reprod Med, 3:11.
12. Sumiati NLN, Wirawan DN, Ani LS (2019). Determinants of unmet needs for fami-ly planning in Indonesia: Secondary da-ta analysis of the 2017 IDHS. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 7(2): 85–94.
13. Yalew M, Adane B, Kefale B. et al (2020). Individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for contra-ception among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia; A multi-level analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Public Health, 20:529.
14. Agyekum AK, Adde KS, Aboagye RG, et al (2022). Unmet need for contraception and its associated factors among women in Papua New Guinea: analysis from the demographic and health survey. Reprod Health, 19:113.
15. Teshale AB (2022). Factors associated with unmet need for family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel multinomi-al logistic regression analysis. PLoS One, 17: e0263885.
16. Moore DA, Carpenter TE (1999). Spatial Analytical Methods and Geographic In-formation Systems: Use in Health Re-search and Epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev, 21(2):143-61.
17. Short SE, Mollborn S (2015). Social deter-minants and health behaviors: Concep-tual frames and empirical advances. Curr Opin Psychol, 5: 78–84.
18. Utami DA, Samosir OB (2021). Women’s empowerment and unmet needs for family planning in Indonesia. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing Ltd.
19. Weeks JR (2001). The Role of Spatial Anal-ysis in Demographic Research the Role of Spatial Analysis in Demographic Re-search.
20. Miller HJ (2004). Tobler’s First Law and Spatial Analysis. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94(2):284–289.
21. Jetz W, Rahbek C, Lichstein J (2005). Local and global approaches to spatial data analysis in ecology. Global Ecology and Bi-ogeography, 14: 97–98.
22. LeSage J (2015). Spatial Econometrics, in C. Karlsson, M. Andersson, and T. Norman (eds) Handbook of research methods and ap-plications in economic geography, pp. 23–40.
23. DHS Spatial Interpolation Working Group (2014). Spatial Interpolation with Demo-graphic and Health Survey Data: Key Considerations. DHS Spatial Reports No.9. Rockville, Maryland, USA.
24. Blatt AJ (2017). Spatial Health Inequalities: Adapting GIS Tools and Data Analysis. The AAG Review of Books, 5(4):274–275.
25. Hübelová D, Ptáček P, Šlechtová T (2021). Demographic and socio-economic fac-tors influencing health inequalities in the Czech Republic. GeoScape. Sciendo, pp. 53–65.
26. Starfield B (2002). Equity and health: a per-spective on nonrandom distribution of health in the population. Rev Panam Salud Publica, 12(6):384–387.
27. LeSage J, Kelley Pace R (2009). Introduction to Spatial Econometrics.
28. Fotheringham AS, Brunsdon CF, Charlton M (2002). Geographically Weighted Regression the analysis of spatially varying relationships. UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
29. Walker RJ, Neelon B, Egede LE (2017). Ad-vancing the Understanding of Social Determinants of Health through Geo-spatial Analysis. J Gen Intern Med, 32(4):371-372.
30. Kim D, Sarker M, Vyas P (2016). Role of spatial tools in public health policymak-ing of Bangladesh: opportunities and challenges. J Health Popul Nutr, 35:8.
31. Robin TA, Khan MA, Kabir N, et al (2019). Using spatial analysis and GIS to im-prove planning and resource allocation in a rural district of Bangladesh. BMJ Glob Health, 4(Suppl 5):e000832.
32. Hernandez JH, Akilimali P, Kayembe P, et al (2016). The value of spatial analysis for tracking supply for family planning: The case of Kinshasa, DRC. Health Policy Plan, 31(8):1058–1068.
33. Aromataris E, Munn Z. (Editors) (2020). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Adelaide: JBI.
34. Pezzulo C, Nilsen K, Carioli A, et al (2021). Geographical distribution of fertility rates in 70 low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries, 2010-16: a subnational analysis of cross-sectional surveys. Lancet Glob Health, 9(6):e802-e812.
35. Rahaman M, Rana MJ, Roy A, et al (2022). Spatial heterogeneity and socio-economic correlates of unmet need for spacing contraception in India: Evi-dences from National Family Health Survey, 2015-16’. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health, 15: 101012.
36. Azanaw MM, Fentie DT, Bukayaw YA, et al (2022). Spatial distribution and determi-nant factors of unmet need for family planning among all reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: a multi-level logistic regression modelling approach. Contra-cept Reprod Med, 7(1):13.
37. Yourkavitch J, Brucker CB, Assaf S, et al. (2018). Using geographical analysis to identify child health inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One, 13(8): e0201870.
38. Abelairas-Etxebarria P, Astorkiza I (2020). From exploratory data analysis to ex-ploratory spatial data analysis. Mathemat-ics and Statistics, 8(2):82–86.
39. Anselin L (2010). Thirty years of spatial econometrics. Papers in Regional Science, 89:3–25.
40. Eryando T (2022). Spatial Analysis for En-hancing the Use of Health Data Availa-bility from Different Sources to Help the Decision-Making Process. Kesmas, 17(3): 165.
41. Yasin H, Warsito B, Hakim A (2014). Re-gresi Spasial (Aplikasi dengan R). First Printing. Edited by Team Wade Publish. Pekalongan: Wade Group.
42. Jiang B (2015). Geospatial analysis requires a different way of thinking: the problem of spatial heterogeneity. GeoJournal, 80(1): 1–13.
43. Chi G, Zhu J (2008). Spatial regression models for demographic analysis. Popul Res Policy Rev, 27(1):17–42.
44. Musafaah M, Eryando T, Budiharsana MP, et al (2023). Unmet need for Family Planning (FP) in 7 national development areas in Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal, 12(1):926–929.
2. United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (2019) Contraceptive use by method 2019: data booklet.
3. United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division (2020). World family planning 2020 highlights : accelerating action to ensure universal access to family planning.
4. Cleland J, Harbison S, Shah IH (2014). Un-met Need for Contraception: Issues and Challenges. Stud Fam Plann, 45(2):105–122.
5. WHO (2014). Ensuring human rights within contraceptive programmes A human rights anal-ysis of existing quantitative indicators. Gene-va: WHO Press.
6. Nyarko SH, Sparks CS, Bitew F (2019). Spa-tio-temporal variations in unmet need for family planning in Ghana: 2003–2014. Genus, 75:22.
7. Tadele A, Abebaw D, Ali R (2019). Predic-tors of unmet need for family planning among all women of reproductive age in Ethiopia. Contracept Reprod Med, 4:6.
8. Amraeni Y, Sudijanto K, Sabarinah S, et al (2021). Pola Unmet Need Kontrasepsi Modern di Indonesia-Analisis Lanjutan Data SDKI 2007, 2012 dan 2017. Jurnal Kesmas Jambi (JKMJ), 5(2):63–70.
9. Wafula, S.W (2015). Regional differences in unmet need for contraception in Kenya: Insights from survey data. BMC Women’s Health, 15:86.
10. Mercer LD, Lu F, and Proctor JL (2019). Sub-national levels and trends in con-traceptive prevalence, unmet need, and demand for family planning in Nigeria with survey uncertainty. BMC Public Health, 19:1752.
11. Nzokirishaka A, Itua I (2018). Determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women of reproductive age in Burundi: a cross-sectional study. Contracept Reprod Med, 3:11.
12. Sumiati NLN, Wirawan DN, Ani LS (2019). Determinants of unmet needs for fami-ly planning in Indonesia: Secondary da-ta analysis of the 2017 IDHS. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 7(2): 85–94.
13. Yalew M, Adane B, Kefale B. et al (2020). Individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for contra-ception among reproductive-age women in Ethiopia; A multi-level analysis of 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Public Health, 20:529.
14. Agyekum AK, Adde KS, Aboagye RG, et al (2022). Unmet need for contraception and its associated factors among women in Papua New Guinea: analysis from the demographic and health survey. Reprod Health, 19:113.
15. Teshale AB (2022). Factors associated with unmet need for family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel multinomi-al logistic regression analysis. PLoS One, 17: e0263885.
16. Moore DA, Carpenter TE (1999). Spatial Analytical Methods and Geographic In-formation Systems: Use in Health Re-search and Epidemiology. Epidemiol Rev, 21(2):143-61.
17. Short SE, Mollborn S (2015). Social deter-minants and health behaviors: Concep-tual frames and empirical advances. Curr Opin Psychol, 5: 78–84.
18. Utami DA, Samosir OB (2021). Women’s empowerment and unmet needs for family planning in Indonesia. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing Ltd.
19. Weeks JR (2001). The Role of Spatial Anal-ysis in Demographic Research the Role of Spatial Analysis in Demographic Re-search.
20. Miller HJ (2004). Tobler’s First Law and Spatial Analysis. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94(2):284–289.
21. Jetz W, Rahbek C, Lichstein J (2005). Local and global approaches to spatial data analysis in ecology. Global Ecology and Bi-ogeography, 14: 97–98.
22. LeSage J (2015). Spatial Econometrics, in C. Karlsson, M. Andersson, and T. Norman (eds) Handbook of research methods and ap-plications in economic geography, pp. 23–40.
23. DHS Spatial Interpolation Working Group (2014). Spatial Interpolation with Demo-graphic and Health Survey Data: Key Considerations. DHS Spatial Reports No.9. Rockville, Maryland, USA.
24. Blatt AJ (2017). Spatial Health Inequalities: Adapting GIS Tools and Data Analysis. The AAG Review of Books, 5(4):274–275.
25. Hübelová D, Ptáček P, Šlechtová T (2021). Demographic and socio-economic fac-tors influencing health inequalities in the Czech Republic. GeoScape. Sciendo, pp. 53–65.
26. Starfield B (2002). Equity and health: a per-spective on nonrandom distribution of health in the population. Rev Panam Salud Publica, 12(6):384–387.
27. LeSage J, Kelley Pace R (2009). Introduction to Spatial Econometrics.
28. Fotheringham AS, Brunsdon CF, Charlton M (2002). Geographically Weighted Regression the analysis of spatially varying relationships. UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
29. Walker RJ, Neelon B, Egede LE (2017). Ad-vancing the Understanding of Social Determinants of Health through Geo-spatial Analysis. J Gen Intern Med, 32(4):371-372.
30. Kim D, Sarker M, Vyas P (2016). Role of spatial tools in public health policymak-ing of Bangladesh: opportunities and challenges. J Health Popul Nutr, 35:8.
31. Robin TA, Khan MA, Kabir N, et al (2019). Using spatial analysis and GIS to im-prove planning and resource allocation in a rural district of Bangladesh. BMJ Glob Health, 4(Suppl 5):e000832.
32. Hernandez JH, Akilimali P, Kayembe P, et al (2016). The value of spatial analysis for tracking supply for family planning: The case of Kinshasa, DRC. Health Policy Plan, 31(8):1058–1068.
33. Aromataris E, Munn Z. (Editors) (2020). JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Adelaide: JBI.
34. Pezzulo C, Nilsen K, Carioli A, et al (2021). Geographical distribution of fertility rates in 70 low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries, 2010-16: a subnational analysis of cross-sectional surveys. Lancet Glob Health, 9(6):e802-e812.
35. Rahaman M, Rana MJ, Roy A, et al (2022). Spatial heterogeneity and socio-economic correlates of unmet need for spacing contraception in India: Evi-dences from National Family Health Survey, 2015-16’. Clin Epidemiol Glob Health, 15: 101012.
36. Azanaw MM, Fentie DT, Bukayaw YA, et al (2022). Spatial distribution and determi-nant factors of unmet need for family planning among all reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: a multi-level logistic regression modelling approach. Contra-cept Reprod Med, 7(1):13.
37. Yourkavitch J, Brucker CB, Assaf S, et al. (2018). Using geographical analysis to identify child health inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One, 13(8): e0201870.
38. Abelairas-Etxebarria P, Astorkiza I (2020). From exploratory data analysis to ex-ploratory spatial data analysis. Mathemat-ics and Statistics, 8(2):82–86.
39. Anselin L (2010). Thirty years of spatial econometrics. Papers in Regional Science, 89:3–25.
40. Eryando T (2022). Spatial Analysis for En-hancing the Use of Health Data Availa-bility from Different Sources to Help the Decision-Making Process. Kesmas, 17(3): 165.
41. Yasin H, Warsito B, Hakim A (2014). Re-gresi Spasial (Aplikasi dengan R). First Printing. Edited by Team Wade Publish. Pekalongan: Wade Group.
42. Jiang B (2015). Geospatial analysis requires a different way of thinking: the problem of spatial heterogeneity. GeoJournal, 80(1): 1–13.
43. Chi G, Zhu J (2008). Spatial regression models for demographic analysis. Popul Res Policy Rev, 27(1):17–42.
44. Musafaah M, Eryando T, Budiharsana MP, et al (2023). Unmet need for Family Planning (FP) in 7 national development areas in Indonesia. Bali Medical Journal, 12(1):926–929.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 12 (2024) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Unmet need Family planning Spatial analysis Systematic review Regional | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Musafaah M, Lasari H HD, Makful M, Eryando T. Unmet Need for Family Planning in Spatial Analysis: A Systematic Review. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(12):2625-2631.
