COVID-19 and Psychopathologies in Children-A Single Session Intervention Plan to Promote Mental Health during Crises Management: A Systematic Review
,
Abstract
Background: The world has experienced numerous natural and man-made disasters throughout history. Due to these unforeseen circumstances, children and adolescents have reported significant psychopathologies in response to traumatic experiences. We aimed to investigate the surge of internalizing and externalizing psychopathologies during COVID-19 and to assess the efficacy of single-session therapies used to treat mental health issues during this period.
Methods: Overall, 270 articles were retrieved across both phases of the study, with 250 articles identified in Phase I and 20 in Phase II. Following the PRISMA flowchart guidelines, approximately 30 studies were selected to meet the objective of Phase I, while 10 studies were chosen to address the objective of Phase II. The articles were retrieved from various databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Ovid, CENTRAL, JSTOR, NCBI, and Science Direct. Only articles published between 2019 and 2022 were included in the study.
Results: The findings of first phase of study indicated a surge in internalizing psychopathologies (such as anxiety, depression, loneliness, and somatic problems) and externalizing psychopathologies (including conduct/oppositional disorders, sleep disturbances, suicidal ideation, ADHD, and substance abuse) over the past four years. Additionally, according to the findings of the second phase of the study, single-session therapies were found to be effective in mitigating symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Conclusion: The study's findings are discussed in the context of counseling adolescents, highlighting the importance of addressing mental health issues in this demographic.
1. Rehman S, Lela U (2020). Psychological Aid to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mental Health Response to Crises Management. Psychiatr Danub, 32(2):262-265.
2. Rehman S (2021). Challenges among Chil-dren during Three Phases of COVID-19 in Pakistan. The Qualitative Report, 26(12):3870-3885.
3. Waris A, Atta UK, Ali M, et al (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: current scenario of Pakistan. New Microbes New Infect, 35:100681.
4. UNESCO (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response.
5. Rehman S (2021). Short-communication-Lesson learnt during COVID-19 pan-demic in Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci, 34(5):1805-1808.
6. Bryce I, Collier S (2022). A Systematic Lit-erature Review of the Contribution Ac-cumulation Makes to Psychological and Physical Trauma Sustained through Childhood Maltreatment. Trauma Care, 2:307-329.
7. Plant DT, Pawlby S, Pariante CM, et al (2018). When one childhood meets an-other - maternal childhood trauma and offspring child psychopathology: A sys-tematic review. Clin Child Psychol Psychia-try, 23(3):483-500.
8. Chatterjee K, Chauhan VS (2020). Epidem-ics, quarantine and mental health. Med J Armed Forces India, 76(2):125-127.
9. Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, et al (2021). Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(7):3432.
10. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psy-chiatric Association.
11. Elharake JA, Akbar F, Malik AA, et al (2023). Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review. Child Psy-chiatry Hum Dev, 54(3):913-925.
12. Karim F, Oyewande AA, Abdalla LF, et al (2020). Social Media Use and Its Con-nection to Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 12(6): e8627.
13. Schonning V, Hjetland GJ, Aaro LE, Skogen JC (2020). Social media use and mental health and well-being among adolescents – a scoping review. Front Psychol, 11:1949.
14. Imran N, Zeshan M, Pervaiz Z (2020). Men-tal health considerations for children & adolescents in COVID-19 Pandemic. Pak J Med Sci, 36(COVID19-S4): S67-S72.
15. Lee DP, Simpson SA (2020). A Three-Step, Single Session Therapy Intervention for COVID-Related Anxiety in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Cureus, 12(12): e12371.
16. Adedoyan OB, Soykhan E (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the chal-lenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(2):863–875.
17. Ciminio S, Di Vito P, Cerniglia L (2024). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychopathological symptoms in moth-ers and their school-age children be-fore, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic peak. Curr Psychol, 43:13100–13109
18. Liu SR, Davis EP, Palma AM, et al (2022). The acute and persisting impact of COVID-19 on trajectories of adolescent depression: Sex differences and social connectedness. J Affect Disord, 299:246-255.
19. Jolliff A, Zhao Q, Eickhoff J, Moreno M (2021). Depression, Anxiety, and Daily Activity Among Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Form Res, 5(12): e30702.
20. Zhu S, Zhuang Y, Lee P, et al (2021). The changes of suicidal ideation status among young people in Hong Kong during COVID-19: A longitudinal survey. J Affect Disord, 294:151-158.
21. Wang W, Guo Y, Du X, et al (2022). Associ-ations between poor sleep quality, anxie-ty symptoms, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents before and during COVID-19: A longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry, 12:786640.
22. Bélanger RE, Patte KA, Leatherdale ST, et al (2021). An Impact Analysis of the Ear-ly Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in a Prospective Co-hort of Canadian Adolescents. J Adolesc Health, 69(6):917-924.
23. De France K, Hancock GR, Stack DM, et al (2022). The mental health implications of COVID-19 for adolescents: Follow-up of a four-wave longitudinal study dur-ing the pandemic. Am Psychol, 77(1):85-99.
24. Hafstad GS, Sætren SS, Wentzel-Larsen T, et al (2022). Changes in Adolescent Men-tal and Somatic Health Complaints throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Wave Prospective Longitudinal Study. J Adolesc Health, 71(4):406-413.
25. Ibeziako P, Kaufman K, Scheer KN, et al (2022). Pediatric Mental Health Presenta-tions and Boarding: First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Hosp Pediatr, 12(9):751-760.
26. Hou TY, Mao XF, Dong W, et al (2020). Prevalence of and factors associated with mental health problems and sui-cidality among senior high school stu-dents in rural China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Asian J Psychiatr, 54:102305.
27. Xu H, Zhang H, Huang L, et al (2021). In-creased symptoms of post-traumatic stress in school students soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in Chi-na. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1):330.
28. Sayed MH, Hegazi MA, El-Baz MS, et al (2021). COVID-19 related posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adoles-cents in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One, 16(8): e0255440.
29. Bhushan B, Basu S, Ganai UJ (2022). Post-traumatic stress and growth among the children and adolescents in the after-math of covid-19. Front Psychol, 12:791263.
30. Iannattone S, Raffagnato A, Zanato S, et al (2021). Children with Psychopathology and Their Parents Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case-Control Study. Clin Neuropsychiatry, 18(6):324-333.
31. Kim SY, Lee NE, Yoo DM, et al (2022). Changes in the Mean of Medical Visits Due to Psychiatric Disease in Korean Children and Adolescents before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Life (Basel), 12(4):600.
32. Thakur H, Stutts M, Choi JW, et al (2023). Adolescent Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pre-Pandemic Risk Factors. Child Indic Res, 16(2):617-639.
33. Zijlmans J, Teela L, van Ewijk H, et al (2021). Mental and Social Health of Children and Adolescents with Pre-existing Mental or Somatic Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lock-down. Front Psychiatry, 12:692853.
34. Renzi A, Conte G, Tambelli R (2022). So-matic, Emotional and Behavioral Symp-tomatology in Children during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Children’s and Parents’ Alexithymia. Healthcare (Ba-sel), 10(11):2171.
35. Hu Y, Qian Y (2021). COVID-19 and Ado-lescent Mental Health in the United Kingdom. J Adolesc Health, 69(1):26-32.
36. Daniunaite I, Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene I, Thoresen S, et al (2021). Adolescents amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a pro-spective study of psychological func-tioning. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 15(1):45.
37. Walters GD, Runell L, Kremser J (2021). Social and psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on middle-school students: Attendance options and changes over time. Sch Psychol, 36(5):277-284.
38. Llorca-Bofí V, Irigoyen-Otiñano M, Sánchez-Cazalilla M, et al (2023). Urgent care and suicidal behavior in the child and adolescent population in a psychi-atric emergency department in a Span-ish province during the two COVID-19 states of alarm. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment, 16:76-83.
39. Charpignon ML, Ontiveros J, Sundaresan S, et al (2022). Evaluation of Suicides Among US Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr, 176(7):724-726.
40. Bull M, Livanou M, Ball R (2022). The im-pact of Covid-19 on the well-being of young people with conduct disorder and their families. Eur Psychiatry, 65(Suppl 1):S337–S338.
41. Von Soest T, Kozák M, Rodríguez-Cano R, et al (2022). Adolescents' psychosocial well-being one year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Nat Hum Behav, 6(2):217-228.
42. Cho JH, Bello MS, Christie NC, et al (2021). Adolescent emotional disorder symp-toms and trans-diagnostic vulnerabilities as predictors of young adult substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic: mediation by substance-related coping behaviors. Cogn Behav Ther, 50(4):276-294.
43. Layman HM, Thorisdottir IE, Halldorsdot-tir T, et al (2022). Substance Use Among Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 24(6):307-324.
44. Suren P, Skirbeck AB, Torgersen L. (2022). Eating Disorder Diagnoses in Children and Adolescents in Norway Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open, 5(7):e2222079.
45. Spettigue W, Obeid N, Erbach M, et al (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on ad-olescents with eating disorders: a cohort study. J Eat Disord, 9(1):65.
46. Schleider JL, Mullarkey MC, Fox KR, et al (2022). A randomized trial of online sin-gle-session interventions for adolescent depression during COVID-19. Nat Hum Behav, 6(2):258-268.
47. National Institutes for Health. Study quality assessment tool for observational co-hort and cross-sectional studies. 2021. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools
48. Osborn TL, Rodriguez M, Wasil AR, et al (2020). Single-session digital intervention for adolescent depression, anxiety, and well-being: Outcomes of a randomized controlled trial with Kenyan adoles-cents. J Consult Clin Psychol, 88(7):657-668.
49. Venturo-Conerly KE, Osborn TL, Alemu R, et al (2022). Single-session interventions for adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms in Kenya: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 151:104040.
50. Wasli AR, Osborn TL, Weisz JR, et al (2021). Online single-session interven-tions for Kenyan adolescents: study pro-tocol for a comparative effectiveness randomised controlled trial. Gen Psychi-atr, 34(3):e100446.
51. Schleider JL, Abel MR, Weisz JR. (2019). Do Immediate Gains Predict Long-Term Symptom Change? Findings from a Randomized Trial of a Single-Session Intervention for Youth Anxiety and De-pression. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 50(5):868-881.
52. Schleider J, Weisz J. (2018). A single-session growth mindset intervention for adoles-cent anxiety and depression: 9-month outcomes of a randomized trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 59(2):160-170.
53. Wells G, Shea B, O’connell D, et al (2000). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) For Assessing the Quality of Nonrandom-ised Studies in Meta-Analyses, 3rd Sym-posium on Systematic Reviews: Beyond the Basics, p. 3-5.
54. Wright B, Tindall L, Scott AJ, et al (2023). One session treatment (OST) is equiva-lent to multi-session cognitive behavior-al therapy (CBT) in children with specif-ic phobias (ASPECT): results from a na-tional non-inferiority randomized con-trolled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 64(1):39-49.
55. Westware JJ, Murphy M, Handely C, et al (2020). A Mixed Methods Exploration of Single Session Family Therapy in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in Tasmania, Australia. Aust N Z J Fam Ther,41(3):258-270.
56. Palacio-Ortiz JD, Londoño-Herrera JP, Nanclares-Márquez A, et al (2020). Psy-chiatric disorders in children and ado-lescents during the COVID-19 pandem-ic. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed), 49(4):279-288.
57. Sharma M, Aggarwal S, Madaan P, et al (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med, 84:259–267.
58. Mulligan J, Olivieri H, Young K, Lin J, An-thony SJ. (2022). Single session therapy in pediatric healthcare: the value of adopting a strengths-based approach for families living with neurological disor-ders. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 22;16(1):59.
59. Kirič B, Leben Novak L, Lušicky P, Drob-nič Radobuljac M. (2022). Suicidal be-havior inemergency child and adoles-cent Psychiatric service users before and duringthe 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry, 13:893040.
2. Rehman S (2021). Challenges among Chil-dren during Three Phases of COVID-19 in Pakistan. The Qualitative Report, 26(12):3870-3885.
3. Waris A, Atta UK, Ali M, et al (2020). COVID-19 outbreak: current scenario of Pakistan. New Microbes New Infect, 35:100681.
4. UNESCO (2020). COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response.
5. Rehman S (2021). Short-communication-Lesson learnt during COVID-19 pan-demic in Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci, 34(5):1805-1808.
6. Bryce I, Collier S (2022). A Systematic Lit-erature Review of the Contribution Ac-cumulation Makes to Psychological and Physical Trauma Sustained through Childhood Maltreatment. Trauma Care, 2:307-329.
7. Plant DT, Pawlby S, Pariante CM, et al (2018). When one childhood meets an-other - maternal childhood trauma and offspring child psychopathology: A sys-tematic review. Clin Child Psychol Psychia-try, 23(3):483-500.
8. Chatterjee K, Chauhan VS (2020). Epidem-ics, quarantine and mental health. Med J Armed Forces India, 76(2):125-127.
9. Meherali S, Punjani N, Louie-Poon S, et al (2021). Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(7):3432.
10. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Arlington: American Psy-chiatric Association.
11. Elharake JA, Akbar F, Malik AA, et al (2023). Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review. Child Psy-chiatry Hum Dev, 54(3):913-925.
12. Karim F, Oyewande AA, Abdalla LF, et al (2020). Social Media Use and Its Con-nection to Mental Health: A Systematic Review. Cureus, 12(6): e8627.
13. Schonning V, Hjetland GJ, Aaro LE, Skogen JC (2020). Social media use and mental health and well-being among adolescents – a scoping review. Front Psychol, 11:1949.
14. Imran N, Zeshan M, Pervaiz Z (2020). Men-tal health considerations for children & adolescents in COVID-19 Pandemic. Pak J Med Sci, 36(COVID19-S4): S67-S72.
15. Lee DP, Simpson SA (2020). A Three-Step, Single Session Therapy Intervention for COVID-Related Anxiety in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Cureus, 12(12): e12371.
16. Adedoyan OB, Soykhan E (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the chal-lenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(2):863–875.
17. Ciminio S, Di Vito P, Cerniglia L (2024). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychopathological symptoms in moth-ers and their school-age children be-fore, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic peak. Curr Psychol, 43:13100–13109
18. Liu SR, Davis EP, Palma AM, et al (2022). The acute and persisting impact of COVID-19 on trajectories of adolescent depression: Sex differences and social connectedness. J Affect Disord, 299:246-255.
19. Jolliff A, Zhao Q, Eickhoff J, Moreno M (2021). Depression, Anxiety, and Daily Activity Among Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study. JMIR Form Res, 5(12): e30702.
20. Zhu S, Zhuang Y, Lee P, et al (2021). The changes of suicidal ideation status among young people in Hong Kong during COVID-19: A longitudinal survey. J Affect Disord, 294:151-158.
21. Wang W, Guo Y, Du X, et al (2022). Associ-ations between poor sleep quality, anxie-ty symptoms, and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents before and during COVID-19: A longitudinal study. Front Psychiatry, 12:786640.
22. Bélanger RE, Patte KA, Leatherdale ST, et al (2021). An Impact Analysis of the Ear-ly Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in a Prospective Co-hort of Canadian Adolescents. J Adolesc Health, 69(6):917-924.
23. De France K, Hancock GR, Stack DM, et al (2022). The mental health implications of COVID-19 for adolescents: Follow-up of a four-wave longitudinal study dur-ing the pandemic. Am Psychol, 77(1):85-99.
24. Hafstad GS, Sætren SS, Wentzel-Larsen T, et al (2022). Changes in Adolescent Men-tal and Somatic Health Complaints throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Three-Wave Prospective Longitudinal Study. J Adolesc Health, 71(4):406-413.
25. Ibeziako P, Kaufman K, Scheer KN, et al (2022). Pediatric Mental Health Presenta-tions and Boarding: First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Hosp Pediatr, 12(9):751-760.
26. Hou TY, Mao XF, Dong W, et al (2020). Prevalence of and factors associated with mental health problems and sui-cidality among senior high school stu-dents in rural China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Asian J Psychiatr, 54:102305.
27. Xu H, Zhang H, Huang L, et al (2021). In-creased symptoms of post-traumatic stress in school students soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in Chi-na. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1):330.
28. Sayed MH, Hegazi MA, El-Baz MS, et al (2021). COVID-19 related posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adoles-cents in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One, 16(8): e0255440.
29. Bhushan B, Basu S, Ganai UJ (2022). Post-traumatic stress and growth among the children and adolescents in the after-math of covid-19. Front Psychol, 12:791263.
30. Iannattone S, Raffagnato A, Zanato S, et al (2021). Children with Psychopathology and Their Parents Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case-Control Study. Clin Neuropsychiatry, 18(6):324-333.
31. Kim SY, Lee NE, Yoo DM, et al (2022). Changes in the Mean of Medical Visits Due to Psychiatric Disease in Korean Children and Adolescents before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Life (Basel), 12(4):600.
32. Thakur H, Stutts M, Choi JW, et al (2023). Adolescent Loneliness during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Pre-Pandemic Risk Factors. Child Indic Res, 16(2):617-639.
33. Zijlmans J, Teela L, van Ewijk H, et al (2021). Mental and Social Health of Children and Adolescents with Pre-existing Mental or Somatic Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lock-down. Front Psychiatry, 12:692853.
34. Renzi A, Conte G, Tambelli R (2022). So-matic, Emotional and Behavioral Symp-tomatology in Children during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Children’s and Parents’ Alexithymia. Healthcare (Ba-sel), 10(11):2171.
35. Hu Y, Qian Y (2021). COVID-19 and Ado-lescent Mental Health in the United Kingdom. J Adolesc Health, 69(1):26-32.
36. Daniunaite I, Truskauskaite-Kuneviciene I, Thoresen S, et al (2021). Adolescents amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a pro-spective study of psychological func-tioning. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 15(1):45.
37. Walters GD, Runell L, Kremser J (2021). Social and psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on middle-school students: Attendance options and changes over time. Sch Psychol, 36(5):277-284.
38. Llorca-Bofí V, Irigoyen-Otiñano M, Sánchez-Cazalilla M, et al (2023). Urgent care and suicidal behavior in the child and adolescent population in a psychi-atric emergency department in a Span-ish province during the two COVID-19 states of alarm. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment, 16:76-83.
39. Charpignon ML, Ontiveros J, Sundaresan S, et al (2022). Evaluation of Suicides Among US Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Pediatr, 176(7):724-726.
40. Bull M, Livanou M, Ball R (2022). The im-pact of Covid-19 on the well-being of young people with conduct disorder and their families. Eur Psychiatry, 65(Suppl 1):S337–S338.
41. Von Soest T, Kozák M, Rodríguez-Cano R, et al (2022). Adolescents' psychosocial well-being one year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Norway. Nat Hum Behav, 6(2):217-228.
42. Cho JH, Bello MS, Christie NC, et al (2021). Adolescent emotional disorder symp-toms and trans-diagnostic vulnerabilities as predictors of young adult substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic: mediation by substance-related coping behaviors. Cogn Behav Ther, 50(4):276-294.
43. Layman HM, Thorisdottir IE, Halldorsdot-tir T, et al (2022). Substance Use Among Youth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Systematic Review. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 24(6):307-324.
44. Suren P, Skirbeck AB, Torgersen L. (2022). Eating Disorder Diagnoses in Children and Adolescents in Norway Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open, 5(7):e2222079.
45. Spettigue W, Obeid N, Erbach M, et al (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on ad-olescents with eating disorders: a cohort study. J Eat Disord, 9(1):65.
46. Schleider JL, Mullarkey MC, Fox KR, et al (2022). A randomized trial of online sin-gle-session interventions for adolescent depression during COVID-19. Nat Hum Behav, 6(2):258-268.
47. National Institutes for Health. Study quality assessment tool for observational co-hort and cross-sectional studies. 2021. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools
48. Osborn TL, Rodriguez M, Wasil AR, et al (2020). Single-session digital intervention for adolescent depression, anxiety, and well-being: Outcomes of a randomized controlled trial with Kenyan adoles-cents. J Consult Clin Psychol, 88(7):657-668.
49. Venturo-Conerly KE, Osborn TL, Alemu R, et al (2022). Single-session interventions for adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms in Kenya: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther, 151:104040.
50. Wasli AR, Osborn TL, Weisz JR, et al (2021). Online single-session interven-tions for Kenyan adolescents: study pro-tocol for a comparative effectiveness randomised controlled trial. Gen Psychi-atr, 34(3):e100446.
51. Schleider JL, Abel MR, Weisz JR. (2019). Do Immediate Gains Predict Long-Term Symptom Change? Findings from a Randomized Trial of a Single-Session Intervention for Youth Anxiety and De-pression. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 50(5):868-881.
52. Schleider J, Weisz J. (2018). A single-session growth mindset intervention for adoles-cent anxiety and depression: 9-month outcomes of a randomized trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 59(2):160-170.
53. Wells G, Shea B, O’connell D, et al (2000). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) For Assessing the Quality of Nonrandom-ised Studies in Meta-Analyses, 3rd Sym-posium on Systematic Reviews: Beyond the Basics, p. 3-5.
54. Wright B, Tindall L, Scott AJ, et al (2023). One session treatment (OST) is equiva-lent to multi-session cognitive behavior-al therapy (CBT) in children with specif-ic phobias (ASPECT): results from a na-tional non-inferiority randomized con-trolled trial. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 64(1):39-49.
55. Westware JJ, Murphy M, Handely C, et al (2020). A Mixed Methods Exploration of Single Session Family Therapy in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in Tasmania, Australia. Aust N Z J Fam Ther,41(3):258-270.
56. Palacio-Ortiz JD, Londoño-Herrera JP, Nanclares-Márquez A, et al (2020). Psy-chiatric disorders in children and ado-lescents during the COVID-19 pandem-ic. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed), 49(4):279-288.
57. Sharma M, Aggarwal S, Madaan P, et al (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med, 84:259–267.
58. Mulligan J, Olivieri H, Young K, Lin J, An-thony SJ. (2022). Single session therapy in pediatric healthcare: the value of adopting a strengths-based approach for families living with neurological disor-ders. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 22;16(1):59.
59. Kirič B, Leben Novak L, Lušicky P, Drob-nič Radobuljac M. (2022). Suicidal be-havior inemergency child and adoles-cent Psychiatric service users before and duringthe 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry, 13:893040.
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| Issue | Vol 54 No 4 (2025) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
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| COVID-19 Single session interventions Psychopathologies Children | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Rehman S, Ghazali SR, Elklit A. COVID-19 and Psychopathologies in Children-A Single Session Intervention Plan to Promote Mental Health during Crises Management: A Systematic Review. Iran J Public Health. 2025;54(4):688-700.
