Correlation between Obesity and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Military Personnel
-
Mostafa Eghbalian
,
Hesam Akbari
,
Mojtaba Norozi
,
Habibeh Nasab
,
Mazyar Karamali
,
Mousa Imani
,
Hossein Zahiri
,
Mehdi Raei
Abstract
Background: It is critical to precisely assess the presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk in military personnel, in order to avoid potentially CV-events. In Iran limited number of studies have been performed on military personnel and their CV-risk. We aimed to investigate correlation between obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in military personnel.
Methods: The present cross-sectional analytical study, analyzed the data of 559 military personnel in Tehran, Iran in 2023. The dataset sourced from the registry system. The biochemical analysis of blood samples was performed by a biomedical analysis company. The univariate regression analyses were conducted through separate univariate linear regression within the obesity group.
Results: The mean age of personnel was 36.58 years. Among obese personel, there was an inverse relationship between age and cholesterol β=-0.11. Moreover, hemoglobin β=-0.68 and MCH β=-0.33 were significantly related to high cholesterol, MCH is associated with risk of metabolic syndrome (β=-0.57). Moreover among obese personnel, lower uric acid levels and higher ALT levels are correlated with an increased risk of Diabetes.
Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity in military personnel was the same as in the general population. Diabetes, hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, obesity, and metabolic syndrome were all linked to CVD risk factors among military personnel. Although the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in military personnel was lower than their peers in other countries, other risk factors of CVD were prevalent among military personnel.
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26. Chonchol M, Nielson C (2008). Hemoglobin levels and coronary artery disease. Am Heart J, 155(3):494-8.
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28. De Oliveira CM, Viater Tureck L, et al (2020). Relationship between marital status and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Brazilian rural population: The Baependi Heart Study. PLoS One, 15(8):e0236869.
29. Quertier D, Goudard Y, Goin G, et al (2022). Overweight and obesity in the French army. Mil Med, 187(1-2):e99-e105.
30. He S, Gu H, Yang J, et al (2021). Hemoglobin concentration is associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord, 21(1):53.
31. Al-Shehri HA, Al-Asmari AK, Khan HA, et al (2021). Recent trends of metabolic syndrome and its components in military recruits from Saudi Arabia. Medicines (Basel), 8(11):65.
32. Wenzel D, Souza JMPd, Souza SBd (2009). Prevalence of arterial hypertension in young military personnel and associated factors. Rev Saude Publica, 43(5):789-95.
33. Abu-Aisha H, Elhassan EA, Khamis AH, et al (2008). Hypertension and obesity in police forces households in Khartoum, Sudan: a pilot report-part of the" Police Forces Hypertension, Diabetes, Renal Insufficiency, and Thyroid Derangements (HyDRIT) Study", Sudan. SJPH-Sudanese Journal of Public Health, 3(1):17-28.
2. Zhao D (2021). Epidemiological features of cardiovascular disease in Asia. JACC, 1(1):1-13.
3. Fahimfar N, Khalili D, Sepanlou SG, et al (2018). Cardiovascular mortality in a Western Asian country: results from the Iran Cohort Consortium. BMJ Open, 8(7):e020303.
4. Ryder S, Fox K, Rane P, et al (2019). A systematic review of direct cardiovascular event costs: an international perspective. Pharmacoeconomics, 37(7):895-919.
5. Javanbakht M, Jamshidi AR, Baradaran HR, et al (2018). Estimation and prediction of avoidable health care costs of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes through adequate dairy food consumption: a systematic review and micro simulation modeling study. Arch Iran Med, 21(5):213-22.
6. Cercato C, Fonseca F (2019). Cardiovascular risk and obesity. Diabetol Metab Syndr, 11:74.
7. La Sala L, Pontiroli AE (2020). Prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in obesity. Int J Mol Sci, 21(21):8178.
8. Sanjari M, Amirkhosravi L, Hosseini SE, et al (2023). Underweight, overweight, obesity and associated factors among elementary school children: A cross-sectional study in Kerman province, Iran. Obesity Medicine, 38:100477.
9. Smith KB, Smith MS (2016). Obesity statistics. Prim Care, 43(1):121-35.
10. Hamidi A, Fakhrzadeh H, Moayyeri A, et al (2006). Obesity and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Iranian children: A cross‐sectional study. Pediatr Int, 48(6):566-71.
11. Khafagy R, Dash S (2021). Obesity and cardiovascular disease: the emerging role of inflammation. Front Cardiovasc Med, 8:768119.
12. Payab M, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Merati Y, et al (2017). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and different obesity phenotype in Iranian male military personnel. Am J Mens Health, 11(2):404-13.
13. Trzeciak BG, Kowalczyk W, Grymek S, et al (2023). Cardiovascular risk factors among Polish employees of uniformed services. Int J Occup Med Environ Health, 36(5):656-671.
14. Baygi F, Herttua K, Jensen OC, et al (2020). Global prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the military population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord, 20:8.
15. Günlü S, Karahan MZ (2022). An Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Military Personnel: A Study Conducted in Turkey. Artuklu International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(3):31-5.
16. Khoshdel A, Seyed JSM, Heydari ST, et al (2012). The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, and metabolic syndrome among iranian military parachutists. Int Cardiovasc Res J, 6(2):51-55.
17. Mirzaeipour F, Seyedmazhari M, Pishgooie AH, et al (2019). Assessment of risk factors for coronary artery disease in military personnel: A study from Iran. J Family Med Prim Care, 8(4):1347-51.
18. Lee JJ, Ahn J, Hwang J, et al (2015). Relationship between uric acid and blood pressure in different age groups. Clin Hypertens, 21:14.
19. Wang C, Yuan Y, Zheng M, et al (2020). Association of age of onset of hypertension with cardiovascular diseases and mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol, 75(23):2921-30.
20. Azadnajafabad S, Mohammadi E, Aminorroaya A, et al (2021). Non-communicable diseases’ risk factors in Iran; a review of the present status and action plans. J Diabetes Metab Disord, 23(2):1-9.
21. Lee JH, Seo DH, Nam MJ, et al (2018). The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in the Korean military compared with the general population. J Korean Med Sci, 33 (25): e172.
22. Gostynski M, Gutzwiller F, Kuulasmaa K, et al (2004). Analysis of the relationship between total cholesterol, age, body mass index among males and females in the WHO MONICA Project. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28(8):1082-90.
23. Aryan Z, Mahmoudi N, Sheidaei A, et al (2018). The prevalence, awareness, and treatment of lipid abnormalities in Iranian adults: Surveillance of risk factors of noncommunicable diseases in Iran 2016. J Clin Lipidol, 12(6):1471-1481.e4.
24. Hussain A , Ali I, Ijaz M, et al (2017). Correlation between hemoglobin A1c and serum lipid profile in Afghani patients with type 2 diabetes: hemoglobin A1c prognosticates dyslipidemia. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab, 8(4):51-57.
25. Ghari Arab A, Zahedi M, Kazemi Nejad V, et al (2018). Correlation between hemoglobin a1c and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients referred to the diabetes clinic in gorgan, iran. Journal of Clinical and Basic Research, 2(1):26-31.
26. Chonchol M, Nielson C (2008). Hemoglobin levels and coronary artery disease. Am Heart J, 155(3):494-8.
27. Ruze R, Liu T, Zou X, et al (2023). Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Connections in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 14:1161521.
28. De Oliveira CM, Viater Tureck L, et al (2020). Relationship between marital status and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Brazilian rural population: The Baependi Heart Study. PLoS One, 15(8):e0236869.
29. Quertier D, Goudard Y, Goin G, et al (2022). Overweight and obesity in the French army. Mil Med, 187(1-2):e99-e105.
30. He S, Gu H, Yang J, et al (2021). Hemoglobin concentration is associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome. BMC Endocr Disord, 21(1):53.
31. Al-Shehri HA, Al-Asmari AK, Khan HA, et al (2021). Recent trends of metabolic syndrome and its components in military recruits from Saudi Arabia. Medicines (Basel), 8(11):65.
32. Wenzel D, Souza JMPd, Souza SBd (2009). Prevalence of arterial hypertension in young military personnel and associated factors. Rev Saude Publica, 43(5):789-95.
33. Abu-Aisha H, Elhassan EA, Khamis AH, et al (2008). Hypertension and obesity in police forces households in Khartoum, Sudan: a pilot report-part of the" Police Forces Hypertension, Diabetes, Renal Insufficiency, and Thyroid Derangements (HyDRIT) Study", Sudan. SJPH-Sudanese Journal of Public Health, 3(1):17-28.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 54 No 1 (2025) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cardiovascular diseases Military personnel Metabolic syndrome | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Eghbalian M, Akbari H, Norozi M, Nasab H, Karamali M, Imani M, Zahiri H, Raei M. Correlation between Obesity and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Military Personnel. Iran J Public Health. 2025;54(1):205-213.
