Host Genetic Variations and Their Implications on HBV and HCV Infection in the Iranian Population: A Comprehensive Systematic Review
Abstract
Background: Background: Hepatitis virus infections are among the serious emerging health issues. They are the primary causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Growing evidence shows a link between certain genomic variations and inflammation including viral infection such as HBV and HCV. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively review studies that analyze the effect of host genomic variations on the risk of contracting viral hepatitis in Iranian population.
Methods: The study was conducted according to the PRISMA Statement. All Persian and English case-control articles published until the beginning of June 2023 were included in the study. Two authors reviewed the articles independently. The third author reviewed the final results. Pathway analysis and protein interactions were also performed using GO and STRING databases.
Results: Seventy relevant studies were retrieved. Fifty-three studies examined the association of SNPs with the risk of HBV infection. In terms of genetic variations, 25 genes and 44 SNPs were identified. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin 28B, and Interleukin 10 were the most prevalent considered genes. The most common polymorphisms were in the interleukin family. Moreover, the top five identified molecular functions were cytokine activity, cytokine receptor binding, molecular function regulator, protein binding, and signaling receptor binding.
Conclusion: The polymorphisms of genes involved in the production of immune factors, cytokines, interleukins, and their receptors are associated with the risk of HBV and HCV infections in the Iranian population. Moreover, the extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways and the regulating molecules of these processes can be considered as important factors in liability for these viral infections.
1. Razavi-Shearer D, Gamkrelidze I, Nguyen MH, et al (2018). Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 3 (6):383-403.
2. Clements CJ, Coghlan B, Creati M, Locarnini S, Tedder RS, Torresi J (2010). Global control of hepatitis B virus: does treatment-induced antigenic change affect immunization? Bull World Health Organ, 88 (1):66-73.
3. Zhao J, Zhang X, Fang L, Pan H, Shi J (2020). Association between IL28B polymorphisms and outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection: a meta-analysis. BMC Med Genet, 21:88.
4. Wei Y, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Zhang K, Tang Z, Tao C (2021). Relationships between IL-1β, TNF-α genetic polymorphisms and HBV infection: A meta-analytical study. Gene, 791:145617.
5. Aleagha O, Oltulu P, Sadeghi M (2020). Association between interleukin 6 polymorphisms (rs1800796, rs1800795, rs2069837, rs17147230, and rs1800797) and hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Hepatol, 6 (4):359-366.
6. Rethlefsen ML, Kirtley S, Waffenschmidt S, et al (2021). PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA statement for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews. Syst Rev, 10:39.
7. Ahmadabadi BN, Hassanshahi G, Arababadi MK, Leanza C, Kennedy D (2012). The IL-10 promoter polymorphism at position -592 is correlated with susceptibility to occult HBV infection. Inflammation, 35 (3):818-21.
8. Attar M, Azar SS (2016). Interleukin-6-174 promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17 (5):2395-2399.
9. Azar SS, Mansoori M, Attar M, Shahbazi M (2016). Tumor necrosis factor alpha 308 G/A single nucleotide polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatitis B infection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17 (7):3381-3384.
10. Heidari Z, Moudi B, Sagheb HM, Moudi M (2016). Association of TNF-α gene polymorphisms with production of protein and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B infection in the south east Iranian population. Hepat Mon, 16 (11): e41984.
11. Abdolmohammadi R, Azar SS, Khosravi A, Shahbazi M (2016). CCR5 polymorphism as a protective factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus-infected Iranian patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17 (10):4643-4646.
12. Fatemipour M, Arabzadeh SAM, Molaei H, et al (2017). Evaluation of STAT3 rs1053004 single nucleotide polymorphism in patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 63 (12):45-50.
13. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H (2020). Polymorphisms of BIRC5 Gene is Associated with Chronic HBV Infection in Iranian Population. Indian J Clin Biochem, 35:158-168.
14. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H (2019). CCR5, MCP-1 and VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to HBV infection. Indian J Clin Biochem, 34:407-417.
15. Khanizadeh S, Hasanvand B, Nikoo HR, et al (2019). Association between miRNA‐146a rs2910164 (G/C) polymorphism with the susceptibility to chronic HBV infection and spontaneous viral clearance in an Iranian population. J Med Virol, 91 (6):1063-1068.
16. Ghasemian N, Shahbazi M (2016). Interferon gamma gene polymorphism (+ 874 T> A) and chronic hepatitis B in the population of Gorgan, North-Eastern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 9 (8): e33639.
17. Koolivand M, Allamehzadeh Z, Ahmadi A, et al (2020). The study of IFNL3 gene Rs12979860 polymorphism in the hepatitis C virus patients and healthy population in Tehran Province, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 13 (5): e95798.
18. Nasab SDM, Baharlou R, Piroozmand A, et al (2015). Distribution of IL-28B genotypes in patients with hepatitis C and healthy individuals in Jahrom city. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 8 (4):278-87.
19. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, et al (2016). Association between IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms (-592 A/C,-819 T/C,-1082 A/G) and susceptibility to HBV infection in an Iranian population. Hepat Mon, 16 (2): e32427.
20. Sepahi S, Pasdar A, Ahadi M, Gerayli S, Rostami S, Meshkat Z (2014). Haplotype analysis of interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C infection: a case control study. Viral Immunol, 27 (8):398-403.
21. Mogensen TH (2022). Genetic susceptibility to viral disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Infect, 28 (11):1411-1416.
22. WHO (2021) Interim guidance for country validation of viral hepatitis elimination. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2021.
23. Forbester JL, Humphreys IR (2021). Genetic influences on viral-induced cytokine responses in the lung. Mucosal Immunol, 14 (1):14-25.
24. Guo X, Jin M, Yang M, Liu K, Li J-w (2013). Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Sci Rep, 3:2981.
25. Jiang L, Kerchberger VE, Shaffer C, et al (2022). Genome-wide association analyses of common infections in a large practice-based biobank. BMC Genomics, 23 (1):672.
26. Huang S-C, Cheng P-N, Liu C-H, et al (2022). Serum cytokine/chemokine profiles predict hepatitis B reactivation in HBV/HCV co-infected subjects receiving direct-acting antiviral agents. J Formos Med Assoc, 121 (5):920-929.
27. de Brito WB, Queiroz MAF, Amoras EdSG, et al (2020). The TGFB1-509C/T polymorphism and elevated TGF-β1 levels are associated with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis. Immunobiology, 225 (5):152002.
28. Eskandari E, Metanat M, Pahlevani E, Nakhzari-Khodakheir T (2017). Association between TGFβ1 polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection in an Iranian population. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 50(3):301-308.
29. Pereira FA, da Silva NNP, Rodart IF, Carmo TMA, Lemaire DC, Reis MG (2008). Association of TGF‐β1 codon 25 (G915C) polymorphism with hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol, 80 (1):58-64.
30. Suneetha PV, Sarin SK, Goyal A, Kumar GT, Shukla DK, Hissar S (2006). Association between vitamin D receptor, CCR5, TNF-α and TNF-β gene polymorphisms and HBV infection and severity of liver disease. J Hepatol, 44 (5):856-863.
31. Tunçbilek S (2014). Relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol, 20 (20):6226-35.
32. Das A, Ellis G, Pallant C, et al (2012). IL-10–producing regulatory B cells in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Immunol, 189 (8):3925-3935.
33. Behelgardi A, Hosseini SM, Mohebbi SR, et al (2015). A study on genetic association of interleukin-16 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1131445) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Iranian patients. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 8 (11): e23411.
34. Santiago AM, da Silva Graça Amoras E, Queiroz MAF, et al (2021). TNFA-308G> A and IL10-1082A> G polymorphisms seem to be predictive biomarkers of chronic HCV infection. BMC Infect Dis, 21(1):1133.
35. Al‐Saffar OB, Ad'hiah AH (2020). Genetic variants in IL4RA, IL6, and IL12B genes and susceptibility to hepatitis B and C virus infections among Iraqi patients. J Med Virol, 92 (12):3448-3458.
36. Karra VK, Gumma PK, Chowdhury SJ, et al (2015). IL-18 polymorphisms in hepatitis B virus related liver disease. Cytokine, 73 (2):277-282.
37. Alizadeh AHM, Ranjbar M, Hajilooi M, Fallahian F (2006). Association of promoter polymorphism of the CD14 C (-159) T endotoxin receptor gene with chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol, 12 (35):5717-20.
38. Alizadeh AHM, Hajilooi M, Ranjbar M, Fallahian F, Mousavi SM (2006). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol, 12 (4):630-5.
39. Sepahi S, Pasdar A, Gerayli S, Rostami S, Gholoobi A, Meshkat Z (2017). CTLA-4 gene haplotypes and the risk of chronic hepatitis C infection; a case control study. Rep Biochem Mol Biol, 6 (1):51-58.
40. Khanizadeh S, Ravanshad M, Mohebi S, Zali M, Talei G (2012). Association of polymorphism within promoter of the interferon-gamma receptor gene and HBV chronicity among Iranian patients. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16:e89.
41. Mirfakhar FS, Mohebbi SR, Hosseini SM, et al (2018). Evaluation of Interleukin-10 Gene Promoter Polymorphism (-819 C/T) in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. J Isfahan Med Sch, 35 (461):1852-1858.
42. Romani S, Hosseini SM, Mohebbi SR, et al (2014). Interleukin-16 gene polymorphisms are considerable host genetic factors for patients’ susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B infection. Hepat Res Treat, 2014: 790753.
43. Larijani MS, Sadat SM, Nikbin M, et al (2016). Correlation study between IL-28B gene polymorphism (rs8099917SNP) and sustained virological response in Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Lab, 62 (3):417-423.
44. Larijani MS, Bahiraei N, Nikbin M, et al (2016). Lack of TNF-α gene polymorphism (rs1799724) association with sustained virological response in Iranian patients with chronic HCV infection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17 (8):3923-3927.
45. Ghavami SB, Mohebbi SR, Karimi K, et al (2018). Variants in two gene members of the TNF ligand superfamily and hepatitis C virus chronic disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 11 (Suppl 1):S66-S72.
46. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb H, Hashemi M (2016). Gene polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor affect susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an Iranian cohort. Microbiol Immunol, 60 (6):390-396.
47. Eskandari E, Dahmardeh T, Safdari V, Khosravi S, Pahlevani E (2017). HLA‐G gene 14‐bp deletion variant protects Iranian subjects against chronic hepatitis B infection. Int J Immunogenet, 44 (6):322-327.
48. Fattahi S, Karimi Alivije M, Babamahmoodi F, et al (2018). Cytochrome P450 genes (CYP2E1 and CYP1A1) variants and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Indian J Clin Biochem, 33:467-472.
49. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Farrokh P (2018). The relationship between L-leucine-7-amido-4-methyl coumarin 1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to the chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an Iranian population. Res Med Sci, 23:62.
50. Ayatollahi J, Heidari FS, Sharifyazdi M, et al (2019). Polymorphism of IL-12 gene (rs568408G/A) and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the central area of Iran. Rev Med Microbiol, 30 (2):122-127.
51. Zangi M, Bakhshandeh A, Mehrpouya M, Shahbazi M (2019). Association of Interleukin 13/+ 110 Gene Polymorphism with Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Golestan Province, Northern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 12 (3): e68270.
52. Heidari Z, Moudi B, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H (2020). Interferon gamma gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infections in Iranian population. Turk J Gastroenterol, 31 (7):515-517.
53. Bahrami A, Parsania M, Pourfathollah AA, Haghighat S, Sharifi Z (2020). Association of VDR (rs2228570, rs731236, rs7975232, rs1544410) and DBP (rs7041) genes polymorphisms with chronicity of hepatitis B in Iranian patients. Gene Rep, 19:100615.
54. Sarrafnia H, Mohebbi S, Ashrafi F, et al (2020). Genetic variation of Interleukin 18 gene (rs360719) and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Infect Dis, 101:523.
55. Tayefinasrabadi H, Mohebbi SR, Hosseini SM, et al (2020). Association of Interleukin-17 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection and clearance in Iranian population. Microb Pathog, 144:104195.
2. Clements CJ, Coghlan B, Creati M, Locarnini S, Tedder RS, Torresi J (2010). Global control of hepatitis B virus: does treatment-induced antigenic change affect immunization? Bull World Health Organ, 88 (1):66-73.
3. Zhao J, Zhang X, Fang L, Pan H, Shi J (2020). Association between IL28B polymorphisms and outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection: a meta-analysis. BMC Med Genet, 21:88.
4. Wei Y, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Zhang K, Tang Z, Tao C (2021). Relationships between IL-1β, TNF-α genetic polymorphisms and HBV infection: A meta-analytical study. Gene, 791:145617.
5. Aleagha O, Oltulu P, Sadeghi M (2020). Association between interleukin 6 polymorphisms (rs1800796, rs1800795, rs2069837, rs17147230, and rs1800797) and hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Hepatol, 6 (4):359-366.
6. Rethlefsen ML, Kirtley S, Waffenschmidt S, et al (2021). PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA statement for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews. Syst Rev, 10:39.
7. Ahmadabadi BN, Hassanshahi G, Arababadi MK, Leanza C, Kennedy D (2012). The IL-10 promoter polymorphism at position -592 is correlated with susceptibility to occult HBV infection. Inflammation, 35 (3):818-21.
8. Attar M, Azar SS (2016). Interleukin-6-174 promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus infection as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17 (5):2395-2399.
9. Azar SS, Mansoori M, Attar M, Shahbazi M (2016). Tumor necrosis factor alpha 308 G/A single nucleotide polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma via hepatitis B infection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17 (7):3381-3384.
10. Heidari Z, Moudi B, Sagheb HM, Moudi M (2016). Association of TNF-α gene polymorphisms with production of protein and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B infection in the south east Iranian population. Hepat Mon, 16 (11): e41984.
11. Abdolmohammadi R, Azar SS, Khosravi A, Shahbazi M (2016). CCR5 polymorphism as a protective factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus-infected Iranian patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17 (10):4643-4646.
12. Fatemipour M, Arabzadeh SAM, Molaei H, et al (2017). Evaluation of STAT3 rs1053004 single nucleotide polymorphism in patients with chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand), 63 (12):45-50.
13. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H (2020). Polymorphisms of BIRC5 Gene is Associated with Chronic HBV Infection in Iranian Population. Indian J Clin Biochem, 35:158-168.
14. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H (2019). CCR5, MCP-1 and VDR gene polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to HBV infection. Indian J Clin Biochem, 34:407-417.
15. Khanizadeh S, Hasanvand B, Nikoo HR, et al (2019). Association between miRNA‐146a rs2910164 (G/C) polymorphism with the susceptibility to chronic HBV infection and spontaneous viral clearance in an Iranian population. J Med Virol, 91 (6):1063-1068.
16. Ghasemian N, Shahbazi M (2016). Interferon gamma gene polymorphism (+ 874 T> A) and chronic hepatitis B in the population of Gorgan, North-Eastern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 9 (8): e33639.
17. Koolivand M, Allamehzadeh Z, Ahmadi A, et al (2020). The study of IFNL3 gene Rs12979860 polymorphism in the hepatitis C virus patients and healthy population in Tehran Province, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 13 (5): e95798.
18. Nasab SDM, Baharlou R, Piroozmand A, et al (2015). Distribution of IL-28B genotypes in patients with hepatitis C and healthy individuals in Jahrom city. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 8 (4):278-87.
19. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, et al (2016). Association between IL-10 gene promoter polymorphisms (-592 A/C,-819 T/C,-1082 A/G) and susceptibility to HBV infection in an Iranian population. Hepat Mon, 16 (2): e32427.
20. Sepahi S, Pasdar A, Ahadi M, Gerayli S, Rostami S, Meshkat Z (2014). Haplotype analysis of interleukin-10 gene promoter polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C infection: a case control study. Viral Immunol, 27 (8):398-403.
21. Mogensen TH (2022). Genetic susceptibility to viral disease in humans. Clin Microbiol Infect, 28 (11):1411-1416.
22. WHO (2021) Interim guidance for country validation of viral hepatitis elimination. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2021.
23. Forbester JL, Humphreys IR (2021). Genetic influences on viral-induced cytokine responses in the lung. Mucosal Immunol, 14 (1):14-25.
24. Guo X, Jin M, Yang M, Liu K, Li J-w (2013). Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review. Sci Rep, 3:2981.
25. Jiang L, Kerchberger VE, Shaffer C, et al (2022). Genome-wide association analyses of common infections in a large practice-based biobank. BMC Genomics, 23 (1):672.
26. Huang S-C, Cheng P-N, Liu C-H, et al (2022). Serum cytokine/chemokine profiles predict hepatitis B reactivation in HBV/HCV co-infected subjects receiving direct-acting antiviral agents. J Formos Med Assoc, 121 (5):920-929.
27. de Brito WB, Queiroz MAF, Amoras EdSG, et al (2020). The TGFB1-509C/T polymorphism and elevated TGF-β1 levels are associated with chronic hepatitis C and cirrhosis. Immunobiology, 225 (5):152002.
28. Eskandari E, Metanat M, Pahlevani E, Nakhzari-Khodakheir T (2017). Association between TGFβ1 polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection in an Iranian population. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 50(3):301-308.
29. Pereira FA, da Silva NNP, Rodart IF, Carmo TMA, Lemaire DC, Reis MG (2008). Association of TGF‐β1 codon 25 (G915C) polymorphism with hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol, 80 (1):58-64.
30. Suneetha PV, Sarin SK, Goyal A, Kumar GT, Shukla DK, Hissar S (2006). Association between vitamin D receptor, CCR5, TNF-α and TNF-β gene polymorphisms and HBV infection and severity of liver disease. J Hepatol, 44 (5):856-863.
31. Tunçbilek S (2014). Relationship between cytokine gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. World J Gastroenterol, 20 (20):6226-35.
32. Das A, Ellis G, Pallant C, et al (2012). IL-10–producing regulatory B cells in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Immunol, 189 (8):3925-3935.
33. Behelgardi A, Hosseini SM, Mohebbi SR, et al (2015). A study on genetic association of interleukin-16 single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1131445) with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Iranian patients. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 8 (11): e23411.
34. Santiago AM, da Silva Graça Amoras E, Queiroz MAF, et al (2021). TNFA-308G> A and IL10-1082A> G polymorphisms seem to be predictive biomarkers of chronic HCV infection. BMC Infect Dis, 21(1):1133.
35. Al‐Saffar OB, Ad'hiah AH (2020). Genetic variants in IL4RA, IL6, and IL12B genes and susceptibility to hepatitis B and C virus infections among Iraqi patients. J Med Virol, 92 (12):3448-3458.
36. Karra VK, Gumma PK, Chowdhury SJ, et al (2015). IL-18 polymorphisms in hepatitis B virus related liver disease. Cytokine, 73 (2):277-282.
37. Alizadeh AHM, Ranjbar M, Hajilooi M, Fallahian F (2006). Association of promoter polymorphism of the CD14 C (-159) T endotoxin receptor gene with chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol, 12 (35):5717-20.
38. Alizadeh AHM, Hajilooi M, Ranjbar M, Fallahian F, Mousavi SM (2006). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol, 12 (4):630-5.
39. Sepahi S, Pasdar A, Gerayli S, Rostami S, Gholoobi A, Meshkat Z (2017). CTLA-4 gene haplotypes and the risk of chronic hepatitis C infection; a case control study. Rep Biochem Mol Biol, 6 (1):51-58.
40. Khanizadeh S, Ravanshad M, Mohebi S, Zali M, Talei G (2012). Association of polymorphism within promoter of the interferon-gamma receptor gene and HBV chronicity among Iranian patients. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16:e89.
41. Mirfakhar FS, Mohebbi SR, Hosseini SM, et al (2018). Evaluation of Interleukin-10 Gene Promoter Polymorphism (-819 C/T) in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. J Isfahan Med Sch, 35 (461):1852-1858.
42. Romani S, Hosseini SM, Mohebbi SR, et al (2014). Interleukin-16 gene polymorphisms are considerable host genetic factors for patients’ susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B infection. Hepat Res Treat, 2014: 790753.
43. Larijani MS, Sadat SM, Nikbin M, et al (2016). Correlation study between IL-28B gene polymorphism (rs8099917SNP) and sustained virological response in Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Lab, 62 (3):417-423.
44. Larijani MS, Bahiraei N, Nikbin M, et al (2016). Lack of TNF-α gene polymorphism (rs1799724) association with sustained virological response in Iranian patients with chronic HCV infection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 17 (8):3923-3927.
45. Ghavami SB, Mohebbi SR, Karimi K, et al (2018). Variants in two gene members of the TNF ligand superfamily and hepatitis C virus chronic disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench, 11 (Suppl 1):S66-S72.
46. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb H, Hashemi M (2016). Gene polymorphisms of macrophage migration inhibitory factor affect susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an Iranian cohort. Microbiol Immunol, 60 (6):390-396.
47. Eskandari E, Dahmardeh T, Safdari V, Khosravi S, Pahlevani E (2017). HLA‐G gene 14‐bp deletion variant protects Iranian subjects against chronic hepatitis B infection. Int J Immunogenet, 44 (6):322-327.
48. Fattahi S, Karimi Alivije M, Babamahmoodi F, et al (2018). Cytochrome P450 genes (CYP2E1 and CYP1A1) variants and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Indian J Clin Biochem, 33:467-472.
49. Moudi B, Heidari Z, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H, Farrokh P (2018). The relationship between L-leucine-7-amido-4-methyl coumarin 1 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to the chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an Iranian population. Res Med Sci, 23:62.
50. Ayatollahi J, Heidari FS, Sharifyazdi M, et al (2019). Polymorphism of IL-12 gene (rs568408G/A) and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the central area of Iran. Rev Med Microbiol, 30 (2):122-127.
51. Zangi M, Bakhshandeh A, Mehrpouya M, Shahbazi M (2019). Association of Interleukin 13/+ 110 Gene Polymorphism with Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Golestan Province, Northern Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol, 12 (3): e68270.
52. Heidari Z, Moudi B, Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb H (2020). Interferon gamma gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infections in Iranian population. Turk J Gastroenterol, 31 (7):515-517.
53. Bahrami A, Parsania M, Pourfathollah AA, Haghighat S, Sharifi Z (2020). Association of VDR (rs2228570, rs731236, rs7975232, rs1544410) and DBP (rs7041) genes polymorphisms with chronicity of hepatitis B in Iranian patients. Gene Rep, 19:100615.
54. Sarrafnia H, Mohebbi S, Ashrafi F, et al (2020). Genetic variation of Interleukin 18 gene (rs360719) and susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Int J Infect Dis, 101:523.
55. Tayefinasrabadi H, Mohebbi SR, Hosseini SM, et al (2020). Association of Interleukin-17 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B virus infection and clearance in Iranian population. Microb Pathog, 144:104195.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 11 (2024) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Hepatitis virus Genetic variation Polymorphism | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Khorshid Shamshiri A, Amerizadeh F, Nasrpour Navaei Z, Pasdar A. Host Genetic Variations and Their Implications on HBV and HCV Infection in the Iranian Population: A Comprehensive Systematic Review. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(11):2440-2450.
