Intervention Programs Targeting Burnout in Health Professionals: A Systematic Review
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Abstract
Background: Burnout is an occupational syndrome, with a higher prevalence in professionals whose close involvement with other people is significant. There is a great diversity of professionals at risk of burnout, and therefore the implementation of intervention programs is relevant, as helping people to maintain their mental and emotional health enables them to become more meaningfully involved in their communities and become more effective and active global citizens. We aimed to review systematically the characteristics of interventions targeting burnout in health professionals.
Methods: The search was conducted in three databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, following the PRISMA model, and 16 eligible articles were identified between 2012 and 2023.
Results: Mindfulness showed great efficacy in preventing burnout, by reducing stress levels and promoting empathy. In addition, relaxation and breathing techniques, yoga, and music therapy showed to improve burnout and occupational stress levels. Balint groups have also helped slow the progression of burnout. Implications about the need for future research to foster the promotion of well-being and mental health of health professionals are mentioned.
Conclusion: Mindfulness, relaxation and breathing techniques, yoga, music therapy and balint groups proved to be effective in preventing burnout.
1. Salvagioni DAJ, Melanda FN, Mesas AE, et al. (2017). Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burn-out: A systematic review of prospective studies. PLoS One, 12 (10): e0185781.
2. World Health Organization. 2019. [09.09.2022]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases
3. De la Fuente Solana EI, Pradas-Hernández L, González-Fernández CT, et al. (2021). Burnout syndrome in paediatric nurses: A multi-centre study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18 (3): 1324.
4. Heinemann LV, Heinemann T (2017). Burnout research: Emergence and scien-tific investigation of a contested diagno-sis. SAGE Open, 7 (1): 215824401769715.
5. Kaschka WP, Korczak D, Broich K (2011). Burnout: A fashionable diagnosis. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 108 (46): 781–787.
6. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing, England, pp.: 8-40.
7. World Health Organization. 2022. Interna-tional Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. https://icd.who.int/en
8. Maslach C, Leiter MP (2016). Understand-ing the burnout experience: Recent re-search and its implications for psychia-try. World Psychiatry, 15 (2): 103-111.
9. Shanafelt TD, Hasan O, Dyrbye LN, et al. (2015). Changes in burnout and satisfac-tion with work-life balance in physicians and the general US working population between 2011 and 2014. Mayo Clin Proc, 90(12):1600-13.
10. Pérula-De Torres LA, Atalaya JC, García-Campayo J, et al. (2019). Controlled clin-ical trial comparing the effectiveness of a mindfulness and self-compassion 4-session programme versus an 8-session programme to reduce work stress and burnout in family and community med-icine physicians and nurses: MINDUUDD study protocol. BMC Fam Pract, 20 (1) :24.
11. Brand SL, Coon JT, Fleming LE, et al. (2017). Whole-system approaches to im-proving the health and wellbeing of healthcare workers: A systematic review. PLoS One, 12 (12): e0188418.
12. Potard C, Landais C (2021). Relationships between frustration intolerance beliefs, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and burnout among geriatric nurses and care assistants. Geriatr Nurs, 42 (3): 700–707
13. Oliveira SM, Alcantara Sousa LV, Gadelha MDS, et al. (2019). Prevention Actions of Burnout Syndrome in Nurses: An Inte-grating Literature Review. Clin Pract Epi-demiol Ment Health, 15: 64-73.
14. Van Rompay-Bartels I, Tuninga RSJ (2023). Toward a model of global citizenship in business education. Journal of Transnational Management, 28 (1–2): 5–34.
15. Kalani SD, Azadfallah P, Oreyzi H, et al. (2018). Interventions for Physician Burnout: A Systematic Review of Sys-tematic Reviews. Int J Prev Med, 9:81.
16. Zhang XJ, Song Y, Jiang T, et al. (2020). In-terventions to reduce burnout of physi-cians and nurses: An overview of sys-tematic reviews and meta-analyses. Medi-cine (Baltimore), 99 (26): e20992.
17. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting system-atic reviews. BMJ, 372:n71.
18. Aromataris E, Fernandez R, Godfrey C, et al. (2015). Summarizing systematic re-views: methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach. Int J Evid Based Healthc, 13 (3): 132-140.
19. Alenezi A, McAndrew, S, Fallon P (2019). Burning out physical and emotional fa-tigue: Evaluating the effects of a pro-gramme aimed at reducing burnout among mental health nurses. Int J Ment Health Nurs, 28 (5): 1045–1055.
20. Aggarwal R, Deutsch JK, Medina J, et al. (2017). Resident Wellness: An Interven-tion to Decrease Burnout and Increase Resiliency and Happiness. MedEdPOR-TAL, 13:10651.
21. Back AL, Deignan PF, Potter PA (2014). Compassion, Compassion Fatigue, and Burnout: Key Insights for Oncology Professionals. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book, 2014:e454-9.
22. Barcons C, García B, Sarri C, et al. (2019). Effectiveness of a multimodal training programme to improve general practi-tioners’ burnout, job satisfaction and psychological well-being. BMC Fam Pract, 20 (1): 155.
23. Hart D, Paetow G, Zarzar R (2019). Does implementation of a corporate wellness initiative improve burnout? West J Emerg Med, 20 (1): 138–144.
24. Ironside K, Becker D, Chen I, et al. (2019). Resident and Faculty Perspectives on Prevention of Resident Burnout: A Fo-cus Group Study. Perm J, 23:18-185.
25. Mari S, Meyen R, Kim B (2019). Resident-led organizational initiatives to reduce burnout and improve wellness. BMC Med Educ, 19 (1): 437.
26. Hlubocky FJ, Rose M, Epstein RM (2017). Mastering Resilience in Oncology: Learn to Thrive in the Face of Burnout. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book, 37 (1): 771–781.
27. Alexander GK, Rollins K, Walker D, et al. (2015). Yoga for Self-Care and Burnout Prevention among Nurses. Workplace Health Saf, 63 (10): 462–470.
28. Huang L, Harsh J, Cui H, et al. (2020). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Balint Groups to Prevent Burnout among Res-idents in China. Front Psychiatry 10:957.
29. Kacem I, Kahloul M, El Arem S, et al. (2020). Effects of music therapy on oc-cupational stress and burn-out risk of operating room staff. Libyan J Med, 15 (1): 1768024.
30. Leary S, Weingart K, Topp R, Bormann J (2018). The Effect of Mantram Repeti-tion on Burnout and Stress Among VA Staff. Workplace Health Saf, 66 (3): 120–128.
31. Burner LR, Spadaro KC (2023). Self-care skills to prevent burn-out: a pilot study embedding mindfulness in an under-graduate nursing course. J Holist Nurs, 41 (3): 265-274.
32. Sawyer AT, Tao H, Bailey AK (2023). The Impact of a Psychoeducational Group Program on the Mental Well-Being of Unit-Based Nurse Leaders: A Random-ized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20 (11): 6035.
33. Solms L, Van Vianen A, Koen J, et al. (2021). Turning the tide: A quasi-experimental study on a coaching inter-vention to reduce burn-out symptoms and foster personal resources among medical residents and specialists in the Netherlands. BMJ Open, 11 (1): e041708.
34. Klein A, Taieb O, Xavier S, et al. (2020). The benefits of mindfulness-based in-terventions on burnout among health professionals: A systematic review. Ex-plore (NY), 16 (1): 35–43.
35. Hanson P, Clarke A, Villarreal M, et al. (2020). Burnout, resilience, and percep-tion of mindfulness programmes among GP trainees: A mixed-methods study. BJGP Open, 4 (3): bjgpopen20X101058.
36. Van Roy K, Vanheule S, Inslegers R (2015). Research on Balint groups: A literature review. Patient Educ Couns, 98 (6): 685–694.
37. Huang H, Zhang H, Xie Y, et al. (2020). Ef-fect of Balint group training on burnout and quality of work life among intensive care nurses: A randomized controlled trial. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res, 35:16–21.
38. Ahmad N, Ullah Z, Ryu HB, et al. (2023). From Corporate Social Responsibility to Employee Well-Being: Navigating the Pathway to Sustainable Healthcare. Psy-chol Res Behav Manag, 16:1079-1095.
39. Schabracq MJ, Winnubst JAM, Cooper CL (2014). A critical review of the Burnout concept: thirty-five years of research and theorizing. In: The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology. Eds, Schaufeli and Taris. 3rd ed, John Wiley & Sons, UK, pp. 383-425.
40. Awa WL, Plaumann M, Walter, U (2010). Burnout prevention: A review of inter-vention programs. Patient Educ Couns, 78 (2): 184–190.
41. Nichol B, Wilson R, Rodrigues A, Haighton C (2023). Exploring the Effects of Vol-unteering on the Social, Mental, and Physical Health and Well-being of Vol-unteers: An Umbrella Review. Voluntas, 1-32.
42. Esmaeilzadeh P, Mirzaei T (2021). Using Electronic Health Records to Mitigate Workplace Burnout among Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Field Study in Iran. JMIR Med Inform, 9(6): e28497.
2. World Health Organization. 2019. [09.09.2022]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases
3. De la Fuente Solana EI, Pradas-Hernández L, González-Fernández CT, et al. (2021). Burnout syndrome in paediatric nurses: A multi-centre study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18 (3): 1324.
4. Heinemann LV, Heinemann T (2017). Burnout research: Emergence and scien-tific investigation of a contested diagno-sis. SAGE Open, 7 (1): 215824401769715.
5. Kaschka WP, Korczak D, Broich K (2011). Burnout: A fashionable diagnosis. Dtsch Arztebl Int, 108 (46): 781–787.
6. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. American Psychiatric Publishing, England, pp.: 8-40.
7. World Health Organization. 2022. Interna-tional Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. https://icd.who.int/en
8. Maslach C, Leiter MP (2016). Understand-ing the burnout experience: Recent re-search and its implications for psychia-try. World Psychiatry, 15 (2): 103-111.
9. Shanafelt TD, Hasan O, Dyrbye LN, et al. (2015). Changes in burnout and satisfac-tion with work-life balance in physicians and the general US working population between 2011 and 2014. Mayo Clin Proc, 90(12):1600-13.
10. Pérula-De Torres LA, Atalaya JC, García-Campayo J, et al. (2019). Controlled clin-ical trial comparing the effectiveness of a mindfulness and self-compassion 4-session programme versus an 8-session programme to reduce work stress and burnout in family and community med-icine physicians and nurses: MINDUUDD study protocol. BMC Fam Pract, 20 (1) :24.
11. Brand SL, Coon JT, Fleming LE, et al. (2017). Whole-system approaches to im-proving the health and wellbeing of healthcare workers: A systematic review. PLoS One, 12 (12): e0188418.
12. Potard C, Landais C (2021). Relationships between frustration intolerance beliefs, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and burnout among geriatric nurses and care assistants. Geriatr Nurs, 42 (3): 700–707
13. Oliveira SM, Alcantara Sousa LV, Gadelha MDS, et al. (2019). Prevention Actions of Burnout Syndrome in Nurses: An Inte-grating Literature Review. Clin Pract Epi-demiol Ment Health, 15: 64-73.
14. Van Rompay-Bartels I, Tuninga RSJ (2023). Toward a model of global citizenship in business education. Journal of Transnational Management, 28 (1–2): 5–34.
15. Kalani SD, Azadfallah P, Oreyzi H, et al. (2018). Interventions for Physician Burnout: A Systematic Review of Sys-tematic Reviews. Int J Prev Med, 9:81.
16. Zhang XJ, Song Y, Jiang T, et al. (2020). In-terventions to reduce burnout of physi-cians and nurses: An overview of sys-tematic reviews and meta-analyses. Medi-cine (Baltimore), 99 (26): e20992.
17. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting system-atic reviews. BMJ, 372:n71.
18. Aromataris E, Fernandez R, Godfrey C, et al. (2015). Summarizing systematic re-views: methodological development, conduct and reporting of an umbrella review approach. Int J Evid Based Healthc, 13 (3): 132-140.
19. Alenezi A, McAndrew, S, Fallon P (2019). Burning out physical and emotional fa-tigue: Evaluating the effects of a pro-gramme aimed at reducing burnout among mental health nurses. Int J Ment Health Nurs, 28 (5): 1045–1055.
20. Aggarwal R, Deutsch JK, Medina J, et al. (2017). Resident Wellness: An Interven-tion to Decrease Burnout and Increase Resiliency and Happiness. MedEdPOR-TAL, 13:10651.
21. Back AL, Deignan PF, Potter PA (2014). Compassion, Compassion Fatigue, and Burnout: Key Insights for Oncology Professionals. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book, 2014:e454-9.
22. Barcons C, García B, Sarri C, et al. (2019). Effectiveness of a multimodal training programme to improve general practi-tioners’ burnout, job satisfaction and psychological well-being. BMC Fam Pract, 20 (1): 155.
23. Hart D, Paetow G, Zarzar R (2019). Does implementation of a corporate wellness initiative improve burnout? West J Emerg Med, 20 (1): 138–144.
24. Ironside K, Becker D, Chen I, et al. (2019). Resident and Faculty Perspectives on Prevention of Resident Burnout: A Fo-cus Group Study. Perm J, 23:18-185.
25. Mari S, Meyen R, Kim B (2019). Resident-led organizational initiatives to reduce burnout and improve wellness. BMC Med Educ, 19 (1): 437.
26. Hlubocky FJ, Rose M, Epstein RM (2017). Mastering Resilience in Oncology: Learn to Thrive in the Face of Burnout. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book, 37 (1): 771–781.
27. Alexander GK, Rollins K, Walker D, et al. (2015). Yoga for Self-Care and Burnout Prevention among Nurses. Workplace Health Saf, 63 (10): 462–470.
28. Huang L, Harsh J, Cui H, et al. (2020). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Balint Groups to Prevent Burnout among Res-idents in China. Front Psychiatry 10:957.
29. Kacem I, Kahloul M, El Arem S, et al. (2020). Effects of music therapy on oc-cupational stress and burn-out risk of operating room staff. Libyan J Med, 15 (1): 1768024.
30. Leary S, Weingart K, Topp R, Bormann J (2018). The Effect of Mantram Repeti-tion on Burnout and Stress Among VA Staff. Workplace Health Saf, 66 (3): 120–128.
31. Burner LR, Spadaro KC (2023). Self-care skills to prevent burn-out: a pilot study embedding mindfulness in an under-graduate nursing course. J Holist Nurs, 41 (3): 265-274.
32. Sawyer AT, Tao H, Bailey AK (2023). The Impact of a Psychoeducational Group Program on the Mental Well-Being of Unit-Based Nurse Leaders: A Random-ized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20 (11): 6035.
33. Solms L, Van Vianen A, Koen J, et al. (2021). Turning the tide: A quasi-experimental study on a coaching inter-vention to reduce burn-out symptoms and foster personal resources among medical residents and specialists in the Netherlands. BMJ Open, 11 (1): e041708.
34. Klein A, Taieb O, Xavier S, et al. (2020). The benefits of mindfulness-based in-terventions on burnout among health professionals: A systematic review. Ex-plore (NY), 16 (1): 35–43.
35. Hanson P, Clarke A, Villarreal M, et al. (2020). Burnout, resilience, and percep-tion of mindfulness programmes among GP trainees: A mixed-methods study. BJGP Open, 4 (3): bjgpopen20X101058.
36. Van Roy K, Vanheule S, Inslegers R (2015). Research on Balint groups: A literature review. Patient Educ Couns, 98 (6): 685–694.
37. Huang H, Zhang H, Xie Y, et al. (2020). Ef-fect of Balint group training on burnout and quality of work life among intensive care nurses: A randomized controlled trial. Neurol Psychiatry Brain Res, 35:16–21.
38. Ahmad N, Ullah Z, Ryu HB, et al. (2023). From Corporate Social Responsibility to Employee Well-Being: Navigating the Pathway to Sustainable Healthcare. Psy-chol Res Behav Manag, 16:1079-1095.
39. Schabracq MJ, Winnubst JAM, Cooper CL (2014). A critical review of the Burnout concept: thirty-five years of research and theorizing. In: The Handbook of Work and Health Psychology. Eds, Schaufeli and Taris. 3rd ed, John Wiley & Sons, UK, pp. 383-425.
40. Awa WL, Plaumann M, Walter, U (2010). Burnout prevention: A review of inter-vention programs. Patient Educ Couns, 78 (2): 184–190.
41. Nichol B, Wilson R, Rodrigues A, Haighton C (2023). Exploring the Effects of Vol-unteering on the Social, Mental, and Physical Health and Well-being of Vol-unteers: An Umbrella Review. Voluntas, 1-32.
42. Esmaeilzadeh P, Mirzaei T (2021). Using Electronic Health Records to Mitigate Workplace Burnout among Clinicians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Field Study in Iran. JMIR Med Inform, 9(6): e28497.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 5 (2024) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i5.15580 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Burnout Prevention Intervention program Health professionals | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Araújo D, Bártolo A, Fernandes C, Pereira A, Monteiro S. Intervention Programs Targeting Burnout in Health Professionals: A Systematic Review. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(5):33203.
