Gender and Age Discrepancies of Lifestyle Indices Related to Metabolic Syndrome among Iranian Aging Population
-
Ali Dehghani ahmadabad
,
Leila jahangiry
,
Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
,
Haniyeh Farajiazad
,
Eesa Mohammadi
Abstract
Background: We aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle status and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components across gender and age groups of the older population, specifically focusing on identifying the association between MetS and lifestyle factors in classified age groups in older individuals.
Methods: Overall, 582 older people with MetS in Yazd (Iran) urban primary health care centers were randomly included from 10 health centers and invited to participate in the study in 2022. During the phone invitation, eligible interested people were asked to refer to health care centers for clinical assessments by trained health researchers. MetS components, dietary intakes using validated frequency food questionnaire, and physical activity by International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ-short form) were measured.
Results: Women with Mets under 75 yr had significantly higher BMI, weight, and FBS than men and men had significantly higher WC than women. Among patients over 75 yr old, women had significantly higher weight than men had and lower WC and lower HDL_C than men. There were significant differences between gender groups of the aging patient under 75 yr old in terms of vigorous physical activity, total metabolic equivalent of activity, total fat intake, PUFA, and sodium intake, with men reporting level of mentioned lifestyle factors than women.
Conclusion: There were significant gender differences between two aged groups (>75 and <75 yr old) of patients for MetS components and lifestyle risk factors. Weight and WC showed noteworthy gender differences, with variations in both age groups.
1. World Health Organization (2015). World report on ageing and health. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565042
2. Mirzaie M, Darabi S (2017). Population aging in Iran and rising health care costs. Iranian Journal of Ageing,12(2):156-69.
3. Danial Z, Motamedi M, Mirhashemi S, Kazemi A, Mirhashemi AH (2014). Ageing in Iran. Lancet, 384(9958):1927.
4. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). (2021). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
5. Jahangiry L, Khosravi-far L, Sarbakhsh P, et al (2019). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its determinants among Iranian adults: evidence of IraPEN survey on a bi-ethnic population. Sci Rep, 9(1):7937.
6. Kassi E, Pervanidou P, Kaltsas G, Chrousos G (2011). Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Med, 9:48.
7. Gami AS WB, Howard DE, Erwin PJ, et al (2007). Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol, 49:403–14.
8. Azizi F, Salehi P, Etemadi A, Zahedi-Asl S (2003). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an urban population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 61(1):29-37.
9. Esteghamati A, Abbasi M, Rashidi A, et al (2009). Optimal waist circumference cut‐offs for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults: results of the third national survey of risk factors of non‐communicable diseases (SuRFNCD‐2007). Diabet Med, 26(7):745-6.
10. Azizi F, Hadaegh F, Khalili D, et al (2010). Appropriate definition of metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults: report of the Iranian National Committee of Obesity. Arch Iran Med, 13(5):426-8.
11. Ranasinghe P, Mathangasinghe Y, Jayawardena R, et al (2017). Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the asia-pacific region: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 17(1):101.
12. Al-Ahmadi J, Enani S, Bahijri S et al (2022). Association between anthropometric indices and non-anthropometric components of the metabolic syndrome in Saudi adults. J Endocr Soc, 6(6):bvac055.
13. Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, et al (2001). Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care, 24(4):683-9.
14. Sigit FS, Trompet S, Tahapary DL, et al (2022). Adherence to the healthy lifestyle guideline in relation to the metabolic syndrome: Analyses from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian national health surveys. Prev Med Rep, 27:101806.
15. Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, Asghari G, et al (2022). The higher adherence to a healthy lifestyle score is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in Iranian adults. BMC Endocr Disord, 22(1):42.
16. Zelenović M, Kontro T, Dumitru RC, et al (2022). Leisure-time physical activity and all-cause mortality: A systematic review. Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(1):1-16.
17. Zoeller Jr RF (2008). Lifestyle and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Is Physical Activity an Equal Opportunity Benefactor? Am J Lifestyle Med, 2(3):219-26.
18. Mirmiran P, Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, et al (2022). The higher adherence to healthy lifestyle factors is associated with a decreased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults. Nutr Bull, 47(1):57-67.
19. Blackford K, Lee A, James AP, et al (2017). Process evaluation of the Albany Physical Activity and Nutrition (APAN) program, a home-based intervention for metabolic syndrome and associated chronic disease risk in rural Australian adults. Health Promot J Austr, 28(1):8-14.
20. Gaeini Z, Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Djazayery A (2019). The association between dietary fat pattern and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Prev Nutr Food Sci, 24(1):1-7.
21. Hoseini R, Nefaji F (2019). Association between the metabolic syndrome indices with physical activities level and dietary pattern in elderly women. Feyz, 23(5):554-62.
22. Baetge C, Earnest CP, Lockard B, et al (2017). Efficacy of a randomized trial examining commercial weight loss programs and exercise on metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 42(2):216-27.
23. Rezaeipandari H, Ravaei J, Bahrevar V, et al (2020). Social participation and loneliness among older adults in Yazd, Iran. Health Soc Care Community, 28(6):2076-85.
24. Azizi F, Khalili D, Aghajani H, et al (2010). Appropriate waist circumference cut-off points among Iranian adults: the first report of the Iranian National Committee of Obesity. Arch Iran Med, 13(3):243-4.
25. Perissinotto E, Pisent C, Sergi G, et al (2002). Anthropometric measurements in the elderly: age and gender differences. Br J Nutr, 87(2):177-86.
26. Vasheghani-Farahani A, Tahmasbi M, et al (2011). The Persian, last 7-day, long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire: translation and validation study. Asian J Sports Med, 2(2):106-16.
27. Committee IPAQ. Guideline for Data Processing and Analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. https://www.physio-pe-dia.com/images/c/c7/Quidelines_for_interpreting_the_IPAQ.pdf
28. Mirmiran P, Esfahani FH, Mehrabi Y, et al (2010). Reliability and relative validity of an FFQ for nutrients in the Tehran lipid and glucose study. Public Health Nutr, 13(5):654-62.
29. Abdelhafiz AH, Bailey C, Eng Loo B, Sinclair A (2013). Hypoglycaemic symptoms and hypoglycaemia threshold in older people with diabetes--a patient perspective. J Nutr Health Aging, 17(10):899-902.
30. Abdelhafiz AH, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Morley JE, et al (2015). Hypoglycemia in older people - a less well recognized risk factor for frailty. Aging Dis, 6(2):156-67.
31. Sinclair AJ, Abdelhafiz AH (2023). Metabolic Impact of Frailty Changes Diabetes Trajectory. Metabolites, 13(2):295.
32. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al (2009). Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; national heart, lung, and blood institute; American heart association; world heart federation; international atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity. Circulation, 120(16):1640-5.
33. Ravikiran M, Bhansali A, Ravikumar P, et al (2010). Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: a community survey. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 89(2):181–188.
34. Iolascon G, Gimigliano F, Di Pietro G, et al (2021). Personalized paths for physical activity: developing a person-centered quantitative function to determine a customized amount of exercise and enhancing individual commitment. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 13(1):60.
35. Borhaninejad V, Rashedi V, Tabe R, Delbari A, Ghasemzadeh H (2015). Relationship between fear of falling and physical activity in older adults. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 58(8):446-52.
36. Firebaugh G (1989). Gender differences in exercise and sports. Sociology and Social Research, 73: 59–66.
37. Jahangiry L, Shojaeizadeh D, Montazeri A, et al (2014). Modifiable lifestyle risk factors and metabolic syndrome: opportunities for a web-based preventive program. J Res Health Sci, 14 (4): 303-307.
2. Mirzaie M, Darabi S (2017). Population aging in Iran and rising health care costs. Iranian Journal of Ageing,12(2):156-69.
3. Danial Z, Motamedi M, Mirhashemi S, Kazemi A, Mirhashemi AH (2014). Ageing in Iran. Lancet, 384(9958):1927.
4. World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). (2021). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
5. Jahangiry L, Khosravi-far L, Sarbakhsh P, et al (2019). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its determinants among Iranian adults: evidence of IraPEN survey on a bi-ethnic population. Sci Rep, 9(1):7937.
6. Kassi E, Pervanidou P, Kaltsas G, Chrousos G (2011). Metabolic syndrome: definitions and controversies. BMC Med, 9:48.
7. Gami AS WB, Howard DE, Erwin PJ, et al (2007). Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J Am Coll Cardiol, 49:403–14.
8. Azizi F, Salehi P, Etemadi A, Zahedi-Asl S (2003). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an urban population: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 61(1):29-37.
9. Esteghamati A, Abbasi M, Rashidi A, et al (2009). Optimal waist circumference cut‐offs for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults: results of the third national survey of risk factors of non‐communicable diseases (SuRFNCD‐2007). Diabet Med, 26(7):745-6.
10. Azizi F, Hadaegh F, Khalili D, et al (2010). Appropriate definition of metabolic syndrome among Iranian adults: report of the Iranian National Committee of Obesity. Arch Iran Med, 13(5):426-8.
11. Ranasinghe P, Mathangasinghe Y, Jayawardena R, et al (2017). Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the asia-pacific region: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 17(1):101.
12. Al-Ahmadi J, Enani S, Bahijri S et al (2022). Association between anthropometric indices and non-anthropometric components of the metabolic syndrome in Saudi adults. J Endocr Soc, 6(6):bvac055.
13. Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, et al (2001). Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care, 24(4):683-9.
14. Sigit FS, Trompet S, Tahapary DL, et al (2022). Adherence to the healthy lifestyle guideline in relation to the metabolic syndrome: Analyses from the 2013 and 2018 Indonesian national health surveys. Prev Med Rep, 27:101806.
15. Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, Asghari G, et al (2022). The higher adherence to a healthy lifestyle score is associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in Iranian adults. BMC Endocr Disord, 22(1):42.
16. Zelenović M, Kontro T, Dumitru RC, et al (2022). Leisure-time physical activity and all-cause mortality: A systematic review. Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(1):1-16.
17. Zoeller Jr RF (2008). Lifestyle and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Is Physical Activity an Equal Opportunity Benefactor? Am J Lifestyle Med, 2(3):219-26.
18. Mirmiran P, Farhadnejad H, Teymoori F, et al (2022). The higher adherence to healthy lifestyle factors is associated with a decreased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults. Nutr Bull, 47(1):57-67.
19. Blackford K, Lee A, James AP, et al (2017). Process evaluation of the Albany Physical Activity and Nutrition (APAN) program, a home-based intervention for metabolic syndrome and associated chronic disease risk in rural Australian adults. Health Promot J Austr, 28(1):8-14.
20. Gaeini Z, Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Djazayery A (2019). The association between dietary fat pattern and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Prev Nutr Food Sci, 24(1):1-7.
21. Hoseini R, Nefaji F (2019). Association between the metabolic syndrome indices with physical activities level and dietary pattern in elderly women. Feyz, 23(5):554-62.
22. Baetge C, Earnest CP, Lockard B, et al (2017). Efficacy of a randomized trial examining commercial weight loss programs and exercise on metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 42(2):216-27.
23. Rezaeipandari H, Ravaei J, Bahrevar V, et al (2020). Social participation and loneliness among older adults in Yazd, Iran. Health Soc Care Community, 28(6):2076-85.
24. Azizi F, Khalili D, Aghajani H, et al (2010). Appropriate waist circumference cut-off points among Iranian adults: the first report of the Iranian National Committee of Obesity. Arch Iran Med, 13(3):243-4.
25. Perissinotto E, Pisent C, Sergi G, et al (2002). Anthropometric measurements in the elderly: age and gender differences. Br J Nutr, 87(2):177-86.
26. Vasheghani-Farahani A, Tahmasbi M, et al (2011). The Persian, last 7-day, long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire: translation and validation study. Asian J Sports Med, 2(2):106-16.
27. Committee IPAQ. Guideline for Data Processing and Analysis of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. https://www.physio-pe-dia.com/images/c/c7/Quidelines_for_interpreting_the_IPAQ.pdf
28. Mirmiran P, Esfahani FH, Mehrabi Y, et al (2010). Reliability and relative validity of an FFQ for nutrients in the Tehran lipid and glucose study. Public Health Nutr, 13(5):654-62.
29. Abdelhafiz AH, Bailey C, Eng Loo B, Sinclair A (2013). Hypoglycaemic symptoms and hypoglycaemia threshold in older people with diabetes--a patient perspective. J Nutr Health Aging, 17(10):899-902.
30. Abdelhafiz AH, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Morley JE, et al (2015). Hypoglycemia in older people - a less well recognized risk factor for frailty. Aging Dis, 6(2):156-67.
31. Sinclair AJ, Abdelhafiz AH (2023). Metabolic Impact of Frailty Changes Diabetes Trajectory. Metabolites, 13(2):295.
32. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al (2009). Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; national heart, lung, and blood institute; American heart association; world heart federation; international atherosclerosis society; and international association for the study of obesity. Circulation, 120(16):1640-5.
33. Ravikiran M, Bhansali A, Ravikumar P, et al (2010). Prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome among Asian Indians: a community survey. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 89(2):181–188.
34. Iolascon G, Gimigliano F, Di Pietro G, et al (2021). Personalized paths for physical activity: developing a person-centered quantitative function to determine a customized amount of exercise and enhancing individual commitment. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 13(1):60.
35. Borhaninejad V, Rashedi V, Tabe R, Delbari A, Ghasemzadeh H (2015). Relationship between fear of falling and physical activity in older adults. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 58(8):446-52.
36. Firebaugh G (1989). Gender differences in exercise and sports. Sociology and Social Research, 73: 59–66.
37. Jahangiry L, Shojaeizadeh D, Montazeri A, et al (2014). Modifiable lifestyle risk factors and metabolic syndrome: opportunities for a web-based preventive program. J Res Health Sci, 14 (4): 303-307.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 6 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i6.15917 | |
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Dehghani ahmadabad A, jahangiry L, Abbasalizad Farhangi M, Farajiazad H, Mohammadi E. Gender and Age Discrepancies of Lifestyle Indices Related to Metabolic Syndrome among Iranian Aging Population. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(6):1437-1445.
