Short Term Reactogenicity of a Triple Diphtheria-Tetanus-Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccine in Iranian Infants

Abstract

Background: Immunization against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) has long been applied in Iran using whole cell vac­cine. Despite the role of whole cell DTP (DTwP) vaccine in reduction of mortality as a result of disastrous diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, serious local and systemic complications have been attributed to these vaccines. This study was performed to determine the complications of DTwP vaccine in infants attending some of the health centers of Te­hran in 2006-2007.
Methods:  In this prospective study, 330 infants were injected with DTwP vaccine manufactured by Razi Institute of Iran. All subjects received DTwP vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age following the national vaccination schedule of Iran. Re­actogenicity was assessed by the parents for 7 days post-vaccination using diary cards.
Results: Of the 279 infants who completed the vaccination study, pain was the most frequent local reaction after the pri­mary vaccination (68.1-75.3%). The mean diameters of the redness and swelling at first day post-vaccination were 2.81±6.91 and 2.60±7.93 mm in the first dose, 2.40±6.25 and 1.94±5.74 mm in the second dose and 2.24±5.66 and 2.16±6.03 in the third dose, respectively. Fever (axillary temperature >37.5° C) was the most frequently reported systemic re­action during the pri­mary vaccination (53.8-58.8%). All systemic reactions observed after each dose were either reduced or completely disap­peared during a week.
Conclusion: The high incident of complications observed following vaccination with this cellular triple vaccine may be re­lated to the formulation or the bacterial cell fragments used in vaccine production.