Evaluating the Causal Effects of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels on Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Abstract

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is the leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels hadno potential risk on ischemic stroke. However, higher LDL-C levels were closely related to IS. Based on two antagonistic viewpoints, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was designed to evaluate the causal effects of LDL-C levels on IS.

Methods: Datasets of LDL-C levels and ischemic stroke were acquired from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Weighted median method was conducted for main analysis, and MR-Egger and inverse-variance weighted (IVW) methods were performed for auxiliary analyses. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic tests were utilized to confirm the reliability of this study.

Results: A total of 359 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with LDL-C levels (P < 5 × 10⁻⁸) and 337 SNPs were available in ischemic stroke with eliminating outliers. LDL-C levels were significantly associated with ischemic stroke (OR = 1.104, 95%CI = 1.019 - 1.195, P = 1.52 × 10^-2). MR-Egger and IVW showed directionally similar estimates (MR-Egger: OR = 1.120, 95%CI = 1.040 - 1.207, P = 3.12 × 10^-3; IVW: OR = 1.120, 95%CI = 1.064 - 1.178, P = 1.17 × 10^-5).

Conclusion: LDL-C levels had causal effects on IS, providing insights into the design of future interventions to reduce the burden of ischemic stroke.