Trend Analysis of Suicide Mortality and Years of Life Lost from 2016 to 2021 in Southern Iran
-
Iman Shakibkhah
,
Habibollah Azarbakhsh
,
Mahmoudreza Peyravi
,
Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
,
Mitra Rafiei Boldaji
Abstract
Background: Suicide as the commonest psychiatric emergency imposes a heavy burden on communities. We aimed to evaluate the years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature death from suicide in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran.
Methods: Data regarding suicidal deaths were extracted from the Forensic Medicine Organization. The YLL of each year were calculated among gender and age groups. The YLL calculation was performed using the 2015 WHO excel calendars template. The Join Point Regression method was used to examine the trend of the crude mortality rate, the standardized mortality rate, and the YLL rate.
Results: Overall, 572 people died by suicide between 2016 and 2021 (63.5% in males and 36. 5% in females). The main method of death in most cases was hanging (52.8%). The total YLL due to premature death in the 6 year– period was 9248 (4.2 per 1000 persons) in males, 5602 (2.6 per 1000 persons) in females. Hanging (7909) compromised the largest YLL category between different methods of suicide. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the 6-year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was increasing in males: the annual percent change (APC) was 4.8% (95% CI 1.0 to 8.7, P=0.024) and stable trend for females.
Conclusion: The YLL was higher in men than in women. Effective training interventions should be designed and implemented to reduce the incidence of suicide.
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16. Brazinova A, Moravansky N, Gulis G, et al (2017). Suicide rate trends in the Slovak Republic in 1993–2015. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 63(2):161-8.
17. Curtin SC, Warner M, Hedegaard H (2016). Increase in suicide in the United States, 1999-2014. NCHS Data Brief, (241):1-8.
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19. Skinner R, McFaull S, Draca J, et al (2016). Suicide and self-inflicted injury hospitalizations in Canada (1979 to 2014/15). Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can, 36(11):243-251.
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21. Khodabandeh F, Noorbala A, Kahani S, et al (2012). A study on the factors that associated with attempting suicide in middle and old age. Health Psychology, 1(1): 81-92.
22. Monsef Kasmaie V, Asadi P, Maleki Ziabari SM (2013). A Demographic study of suicide methods in the patients aided by emergency Paramedics Guilan. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 22(87):31-7.
23. Spicer RS, Miller TR (2000). Suicide acts in 8 states: incidence and case fatality rates by demographics and method. Am J Public Health, 90(12):1885-91.
24. Laido Z, Voracek M, Till B, et al (2017). Epidemiology of suicide among children and adolescents in Austria, 2001–2014. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 129(3-4):121-8.
25. Veisani Y, Delpisheh A, Mohamadian F, et al (2018). Trauma. Trends of suicide attempts and completed suicide in Ilam province of Iran; A demographic analysis study. Bull Emerg Trauma, 6(3):245-248.
26. Hassana R (1998). One hundred years of Emile Durkheim's Suicide: a study in sociology. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 32(2):168-71.
27. Wray M, Colen C, Pescosolido B (2011). The sociology of suicide. Annual Review of Sociology, 37:505-28.
28. Singh KP, Marak AR, Meera T (2013). Multifactorial analysis of hanging deaths. Journal of Medical Society, 27(1):49.
29. Taghaddosinejad F, Sheikhazadi A, Behnoush B, et al (2010). A survey of suicide by burning in Tehran, Iran. Acta Med Iran, 48(4): 266-72.
2. Tsegaye A, Golassa L, Mamo H, et al (2014). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among malaria suspects attending Gambella hospital, southwest Ethiopia. Malar J, 13: 438.
3. Daliri S, Rostami C, Sayehmiri K, Karimi A, et al (2018). Causes and attempts methods of suicide in the Iranian people during 2001-2014: a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Koomesh Journal, 20(3):417-424.
4. Sepehreinjad M, Hatamian P (2018). Forecast of suicidal thoughts based on emotion dysregulation and experimental avoidancein nurses. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 13(4):39-44.
5. Shaker H, Hosseini Kasnavieh M, Bassir Ghafouri H, et al (2017). Epidemiological survey of the attempted suicide patients admitted at Hazrat Rasoul Hospital in Tehran (2007–2011). Asian J Exp Sci, 31(1): 53-57.
6. Fässberg MM, Van Orden KA, Duberstein P, et al (2012). A systematic review of social factors and suicidal behavior in older adulthood. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 9(3):722-45.
7. Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ. Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry, Vols. 1-2: Williams & Wilkins Co; 1989.
8. Piraee E, Shahkolahi Z, Salehiniya H (2014). Epidemiological study of suicide and attempted suicide and related factors in Kohgiluyeh, Iran. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 32(305):1706-17.
9. Organization WHO (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative: World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789241564779
10. Gardner SE, Betts LR, Stiller J, Coates J (2017). Differences I. The role of emotion regulation for coping with school-based peer-victimisation in late childhood. Personality and Individual Differences, 107:108-13.
11. Azizpour Y, Sayehmiri K, Asadollahi K, et al (2017). Epidemiological study of suicide by physical methods between 1993 and 2013 in Ilam province, Iran. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1):304.
12. Mokhtari AM, Gholamzadeh S, Salari A, et al (2019). Epidemiology of suicide in 10–19 years old in southern Iran, 2011–2016: a population-based study on 6720 cases. J Forensic Leg Med, 66:129-33.
13. Kangavari HN, Shojaei A, Nazari SSH (2017). Suicide mortality trends in four provinces of Iran with the highest mortality, from 2006-2016. J Res Health Sci, 17(2): e00382.
14. Izadi N, Mirtorabi SD, Najafi F, et al (2018). Trend of years of life lost due to suicide in Iran (2006–2015). Int J Public Health, 63(8):993-1000.
15. Azarbakhsh H, Sharifi MH, Hassanzadeh J, et al (2022). Diabetes in southern Iran: a 16-year follow-up of mortality and years of life lost. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 10.1007/s13410-022-01125-9
16. Brazinova A, Moravansky N, Gulis G, et al (2017). Suicide rate trends in the Slovak Republic in 1993–2015. Int J Soc Psychiatry, 63(2):161-8.
17. Curtin SC, Warner M, Hedegaard H (2016). Increase in suicide in the United States, 1999-2014. NCHS Data Brief, (241):1-8.
18. Shooshtari MH, Malakouti SK, Panaghi L, et al (2016). Factors associated with suicidal attempts in Iran: a systematic review. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 10(1):e948.
19. Skinner R, McFaull S, Draca J, et al (2016). Suicide and self-inflicted injury hospitalizations in Canada (1979 to 2014/15). Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can, 36(11):243-251.
20. Havassi N, Khorshidi A, Khorshidi A, et al (2017). Evaluating the predictors of suicide deaths. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 27(147):217-27.
21. Khodabandeh F, Noorbala A, Kahani S, et al (2012). A study on the factors that associated with attempting suicide in middle and old age. Health Psychology, 1(1): 81-92.
22. Monsef Kasmaie V, Asadi P, Maleki Ziabari SM (2013). A Demographic study of suicide methods in the patients aided by emergency Paramedics Guilan. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 22(87):31-7.
23. Spicer RS, Miller TR (2000). Suicide acts in 8 states: incidence and case fatality rates by demographics and method. Am J Public Health, 90(12):1885-91.
24. Laido Z, Voracek M, Till B, et al (2017). Epidemiology of suicide among children and adolescents in Austria, 2001–2014. Wien Klin Wochenschr, 129(3-4):121-8.
25. Veisani Y, Delpisheh A, Mohamadian F, et al (2018). Trauma. Trends of suicide attempts and completed suicide in Ilam province of Iran; A demographic analysis study. Bull Emerg Trauma, 6(3):245-248.
26. Hassana R (1998). One hundred years of Emile Durkheim's Suicide: a study in sociology. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 32(2):168-71.
27. Wray M, Colen C, Pescosolido B (2011). The sociology of suicide. Annual Review of Sociology, 37:505-28.
28. Singh KP, Marak AR, Meera T (2013). Multifactorial analysis of hanging deaths. Journal of Medical Society, 27(1):49.
29. Taghaddosinejad F, Sheikhazadi A, Behnoush B, et al (2010). A survey of suicide by burning in Tehran, Iran. Acta Med Iran, 48(4): 266-72.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 5 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i5.15594 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Years of life lost Suicide Iran Trend Mortality rate Joinpoint regression | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Shakibkhah I, Azarbakhsh H, Peyravi M, Ahmadi Marzaleh M, Rafiei Boldaji M. Trend Analysis of Suicide Mortality and Years of Life Lost from 2016 to 2021 in Southern Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(5):1128-1136.
