Patterns of Health Behaviors and Trajectories of Stress among People with Disabilities in Korea
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Abstract
Background: As a health vulnerable group, people with disabilities require more health-promoting behavior than non-disabled people. We aimed to identify the types of health behavior of disabled people and to track the trajectories of stress by the type of health behaviors.
Methods: Data came from the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled Second Wave by the Employment Development Institute (EDI) in Korea. We used dataset from the first 6 years of the 2nd wave of PSEDSW (2016-2021). The current study analyzed 3,991 subjects. The types of health behavior were identified through latent class analysis (LCA) and the trajectories of stress were estimated through multi-group latent growth modeling using Mplus 8.0.
Results: Two types of groups in health behaviors, smoking-drinking group (SD), nonsmoking-less drinking group (NLSD) were derived. Depending on the types of health behavior, the trajectories of stress appeared significantly different: the NLSD had significantly lower stress than the SD in the first year, and this low-level stress trajectory was maintained continuously for 6 years.
Conclusion: Health behaviors could be suitable as a stress coping method for people with disabilities. This study suggests that it is necessary to make efforts to create an environment that supports people with disabilities to learn healthier ways to cope with stress.
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2. Altman BM, Bernstein A (2008). Disability and Health in the United States, 2001-2005. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
3. Froehlich-Grobe K, Lee J, Washburn RA. (2013). Disparities in obesity and related conditions among Americans with disa-bilities. Am J Prev Med, 45(1):83-90.
4. Lee JE, Park JH, Kim HR, et al (2014). Smoking behaviors among people with disabilities in Korea. Disabil Health J, 7:236-241.
5. McKnight-Eily LR, Okoro CA, Mejia R, et al (2017). Screening for excessive alco-hol use and brief counseling of adults—17 states and the District of Columbia, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 66(12):313-319.
6. Jamal A, Homa DM, O’Connor E, Babb SD, et al (2015). Current cigarette smok-ing among adults—United States, 2005–2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 64(44):1233-1240.
7. Krahn GL, Walker DK, Correa-De-Araujo R (2015). Persons with disabilities as an unrecognized health disparity popula-tion. Am J Public Health, 105 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S198-206.
8. Park, HS (2018). A study on the influence of stress, Depression, and suicide ideation by adult person with disability. Asia-Pac J Multimed Serv Converg Art Humanit Sociol, 8:627–635.
9. Turk MA, McDermott S (2018). Disability, stress, and health disparities. Disabil Health J, 11(3):331-332.
10. Cree RA, Okoro CA, Zack MM, et al (2020). Frequent mental distress among adults, by disability status, disability type, and selected characteristics—United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69(36):1238-1243.
11. Krueger PM, Chang VW (2008). Being poor and coping with stress: health behaviors and the risk of death. Am J Public Health, 98(5):889-896.
12. Stuifbergen AK, Becker HA (1994). Predic-tors of health‐promoting lifestyles in persons with disabilities. Res Nurs Health, 17(1):3-13.
13. Kim KKB, Eun SJ (2019). Classification of clusters, characteristics and related fac-tors according to drinking, smoking, ex-ercising and nutrition among Korean adults. Korea Academia-Industrial Coopera-tion Society, 20(5):252-266.
14. Mistry R, McCarthy WJ, Yancey AK, et al (2009). Resilience and patterns of health risk behaviors in California adolescents. Prev Med, 48(3):291-297.
15. Keller S, Maddock JE, Hannover W, et al (2008). Multiple health risk behaviors in German first year university students. Prev Med, 46(3):189-195.
16. Cho HC, Seo IK (2013). Predictors of Alco-hol Consumption and Drinking among the Disabled People. Alcohol and Health Behavior Research, 14(1):73-86.
17. Cui Q, Chen Y, Ye X, et al (2022). Patterns of Lifestyle Behaviors and Relevant Metabolic Profiles in Chinese Adults: Latent Class Analysis from Two Inde-pendent Surveys in Urban and Rural Populations. Iran J Public Health, 51(5):1076–1083.
18. Anonymous (2019). East Asian social sur-vey. http://www.eassda.org/(accessed May 2019)
19. Kim HJ, GU YJ, Go JH, et al (2017). 2016 Disability Employment Panel Survey. Em-ployment development institute.
20. Gu HM, Rys SY, Pakr J, et al. (2021). Cluster-ing of healthy behaviors and related factors among 19-64 aged Korean adults. Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics, 46(3):267-275.
21. Choi HC, Kim HR, Kim YM.(2022). Predic-tors of Self-Esteem Trajectories in Peo-ple with Physical Disabilities. Disability & Employment, 32(3):143-170.
22. Lee C, Choi W, Lim J, et al (2023). Examin-ing the long-term effect of leisure en-gagement, leisure satisfaction, and per-ceived discrimination on stress percep-tion among Koreans with physical disa-bilities. J Leisure Research, 55(4):1-19.
23. Lo Y, Mendell NR, Rubin DB (2001). Test-ing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88:767–778.
24. Jedidi K, Ramaswamy V, Desarbo WS (1993). A maximum likelihood method for latent class regression involving a censored dependent variable. Psy-chometrika, 58(3):375–394.
25. Asparoughov T, Muthén B (2021). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Using the BCH Method in Mplus to estimate a distal outcome model and an arbitrary secondary model. Mplus Web Notes 21.
26. Magidson J, Vermunt JK (2004). Latent class models. In D Kaplan(Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences (pp.175-198). Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
27. Clark S, Muthen B (2009). Relating latent class analysis results to variables not included in the analysis. Retrieved from https://www.statmodel.com/-download/relatinglca.pdf.
28. Lee YH, Back JH, Kim JH, et al (2012). Clus-tering of multiple healthy lifestyles among older Korean adults living in the community. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 12(3):515-23.
29. Park SJ, Kim SY, Lee ES, et al (2020). Asso-ciations among Employment Status, Health Behaviors, and Mental Health in a Representative Sample of South Kore-ans. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(7):2456.
30. Carr D, Umberson D (2013). The social psychology of stress, health, and coping. In: DeLamater, J., Ward, A. (eds) Hand-book of Social Psychology (pp. 465-487). Springer, Dordrecht.
31. Courtney-Long, Stevens E, Caraballo A, et al (2014). Disparities in current cigarette smoking prevalence by type of disabil-ity, 2009-2011. Public Health Rep, 129(3):252-260.
32. Lee, GS (2021). A Study on the trajectory types and predictors of changes in drinking behavior of women with disa-bilities: Focused on disability and psy-chological characteristics. GRI Review, 23(2):221-252.
33. Choi MH, Choi JH (2019). Influencing fac-tors on health status of male people with physical disabilities and education-al implications: Focusing on current smoking rates. Korean J Physical, Multiple & Health Disabilities, 62(2):143-165.
34. Liu F, Woodrow J, Loucks-Atkinson A, et al (2013). Smoking and alcohol consump-tion patterns among elderly Canadians with mobility disabilities. BMC Res Notes, 6:218.
35. Yeob KE, Kim SY, Park JE, et al (2018). Current smoking rate and related factors of people with disability. Korean Public Health Research, 44(4):51–65.
36. Lee GS, Kim DH (2019). A study on the longitudinal changes and predictors of smoking behavior among the disabled. Korean J Social Welfare Studies, 50(4):239-269.
37. Kim HN, Song SW (2014). Relationships of both Heavy and Binge Alcohol Drink-ing with Unhealthy Habits in Korean Adults Based on the KNHANES IV Da-ta. Iran J Public Health, 43(5):579-89.
38. Hajek P, Taylor T, McRobbie H (2010). The effect of stopping smoking on per-ceived stress levels. Addiction, 105(8):1466-1471.
39. Kassel JD, Stroud LR, Paronis CA (2003). Smoking, stress, and negative affect: cor-relation, causation, and context across stages of smoking. Psychol Bull, 129(2):270-304.
40. Selva Kumar D, Nahvi S, Rivera-Mindt M, et al (2022). The impact of coping with stressful events on negative affect and cravings among smokers with mood disorders. Nicotine Tob Res, 24(6):881-889.
41. Sayette MA (1999). Does drinking reduce stress? Alcohol Res Health, 23(4):250-255.
42. Ganadjian TT, Monteiro M, Sanchez ZM, et al (2022). Impacts on anxiety symp-toms and alcohol consumption among people with disabilities and family care-givers in Latin America and the Carib-bean during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health, 210:107-113.
2. Altman BM, Bernstein A (2008). Disability and Health in the United States, 2001-2005. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.
3. Froehlich-Grobe K, Lee J, Washburn RA. (2013). Disparities in obesity and related conditions among Americans with disa-bilities. Am J Prev Med, 45(1):83-90.
4. Lee JE, Park JH, Kim HR, et al (2014). Smoking behaviors among people with disabilities in Korea. Disabil Health J, 7:236-241.
5. McKnight-Eily LR, Okoro CA, Mejia R, et al (2017). Screening for excessive alco-hol use and brief counseling of adults—17 states and the District of Columbia, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 66(12):313-319.
6. Jamal A, Homa DM, O’Connor E, Babb SD, et al (2015). Current cigarette smok-ing among adults—United States, 2005–2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 64(44):1233-1240.
7. Krahn GL, Walker DK, Correa-De-Araujo R (2015). Persons with disabilities as an unrecognized health disparity popula-tion. Am J Public Health, 105 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S198-206.
8. Park, HS (2018). A study on the influence of stress, Depression, and suicide ideation by adult person with disability. Asia-Pac J Multimed Serv Converg Art Humanit Sociol, 8:627–635.
9. Turk MA, McDermott S (2018). Disability, stress, and health disparities. Disabil Health J, 11(3):331-332.
10. Cree RA, Okoro CA, Zack MM, et al (2020). Frequent mental distress among adults, by disability status, disability type, and selected characteristics—United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69(36):1238-1243.
11. Krueger PM, Chang VW (2008). Being poor and coping with stress: health behaviors and the risk of death. Am J Public Health, 98(5):889-896.
12. Stuifbergen AK, Becker HA (1994). Predic-tors of health‐promoting lifestyles in persons with disabilities. Res Nurs Health, 17(1):3-13.
13. Kim KKB, Eun SJ (2019). Classification of clusters, characteristics and related fac-tors according to drinking, smoking, ex-ercising and nutrition among Korean adults. Korea Academia-Industrial Coopera-tion Society, 20(5):252-266.
14. Mistry R, McCarthy WJ, Yancey AK, et al (2009). Resilience and patterns of health risk behaviors in California adolescents. Prev Med, 48(3):291-297.
15. Keller S, Maddock JE, Hannover W, et al (2008). Multiple health risk behaviors in German first year university students. Prev Med, 46(3):189-195.
16. Cho HC, Seo IK (2013). Predictors of Alco-hol Consumption and Drinking among the Disabled People. Alcohol and Health Behavior Research, 14(1):73-86.
17. Cui Q, Chen Y, Ye X, et al (2022). Patterns of Lifestyle Behaviors and Relevant Metabolic Profiles in Chinese Adults: Latent Class Analysis from Two Inde-pendent Surveys in Urban and Rural Populations. Iran J Public Health, 51(5):1076–1083.
18. Anonymous (2019). East Asian social sur-vey. http://www.eassda.org/(accessed May 2019)
19. Kim HJ, GU YJ, Go JH, et al (2017). 2016 Disability Employment Panel Survey. Em-ployment development institute.
20. Gu HM, Rys SY, Pakr J, et al. (2021). Cluster-ing of healthy behaviors and related factors among 19-64 aged Korean adults. Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics, 46(3):267-275.
21. Choi HC, Kim HR, Kim YM.(2022). Predic-tors of Self-Esteem Trajectories in Peo-ple with Physical Disabilities. Disability & Employment, 32(3):143-170.
22. Lee C, Choi W, Lim J, et al (2023). Examin-ing the long-term effect of leisure en-gagement, leisure satisfaction, and per-ceived discrimination on stress percep-tion among Koreans with physical disa-bilities. J Leisure Research, 55(4):1-19.
23. Lo Y, Mendell NR, Rubin DB (2001). Test-ing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika, 88:767–778.
24. Jedidi K, Ramaswamy V, Desarbo WS (1993). A maximum likelihood method for latent class regression involving a censored dependent variable. Psy-chometrika, 58(3):375–394.
25. Asparoughov T, Muthén B (2021). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: Using the BCH Method in Mplus to estimate a distal outcome model and an arbitrary secondary model. Mplus Web Notes 21.
26. Magidson J, Vermunt JK (2004). Latent class models. In D Kaplan(Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences (pp.175-198). Newbury Park, CA:Sage.
27. Clark S, Muthen B (2009). Relating latent class analysis results to variables not included in the analysis. Retrieved from https://www.statmodel.com/-download/relatinglca.pdf.
28. Lee YH, Back JH, Kim JH, et al (2012). Clus-tering of multiple healthy lifestyles among older Korean adults living in the community. Geriatr Gerontol Int, 12(3):515-23.
29. Park SJ, Kim SY, Lee ES, et al (2020). Asso-ciations among Employment Status, Health Behaviors, and Mental Health in a Representative Sample of South Kore-ans. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(7):2456.
30. Carr D, Umberson D (2013). The social psychology of stress, health, and coping. In: DeLamater, J., Ward, A. (eds) Hand-book of Social Psychology (pp. 465-487). Springer, Dordrecht.
31. Courtney-Long, Stevens E, Caraballo A, et al (2014). Disparities in current cigarette smoking prevalence by type of disabil-ity, 2009-2011. Public Health Rep, 129(3):252-260.
32. Lee, GS (2021). A Study on the trajectory types and predictors of changes in drinking behavior of women with disa-bilities: Focused on disability and psy-chological characteristics. GRI Review, 23(2):221-252.
33. Choi MH, Choi JH (2019). Influencing fac-tors on health status of male people with physical disabilities and education-al implications: Focusing on current smoking rates. Korean J Physical, Multiple & Health Disabilities, 62(2):143-165.
34. Liu F, Woodrow J, Loucks-Atkinson A, et al (2013). Smoking and alcohol consump-tion patterns among elderly Canadians with mobility disabilities. BMC Res Notes, 6:218.
35. Yeob KE, Kim SY, Park JE, et al (2018). Current smoking rate and related factors of people with disability. Korean Public Health Research, 44(4):51–65.
36. Lee GS, Kim DH (2019). A study on the longitudinal changes and predictors of smoking behavior among the disabled. Korean J Social Welfare Studies, 50(4):239-269.
37. Kim HN, Song SW (2014). Relationships of both Heavy and Binge Alcohol Drink-ing with Unhealthy Habits in Korean Adults Based on the KNHANES IV Da-ta. Iran J Public Health, 43(5):579-89.
38. Hajek P, Taylor T, McRobbie H (2010). The effect of stopping smoking on per-ceived stress levels. Addiction, 105(8):1466-1471.
39. Kassel JD, Stroud LR, Paronis CA (2003). Smoking, stress, and negative affect: cor-relation, causation, and context across stages of smoking. Psychol Bull, 129(2):270-304.
40. Selva Kumar D, Nahvi S, Rivera-Mindt M, et al (2022). The impact of coping with stressful events on negative affect and cravings among smokers with mood disorders. Nicotine Tob Res, 24(6):881-889.
41. Sayette MA (1999). Does drinking reduce stress? Alcohol Res Health, 23(4):250-255.
42. Ganadjian TT, Monteiro M, Sanchez ZM, et al (2022). Impacts on anxiety symp-toms and alcohol consumption among people with disabilities and family care-givers in Latin America and the Carib-bean during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health, 210:107-113.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 9 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i9.16459 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Disability Health behaviors Stress Latent class analysis (LCA) | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Lee EJ, Kwak JY, Kim HJ. Patterns of Health Behaviors and Trajectories of Stress among People with Disabilities in Korea. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(9):2059-2068.
