Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index Level (ASMI) and Its Influencing Factors in Healthy Adult Males
-
Dan Yang
,
Rong Lei
,
Yun Li
,
Xiaoyan Zhou
,
Fangtao Yuan
,
Yimin Jiang
,
Mi Liu
Abstract
Background: We aimed to retrospectively analyze the level of appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) in adult males and its influencing factors for early screening and intervention of sarcopenia.
Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, adult male medical examiners from the Health Management Center of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Chengdu City, China were selected as the research subjects. The ASMI level was measured by bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method. The subjects were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of ASMI level, the levels of related indicators between the groups were compared, and the related factors affecting the ASMI level were analyzed.
Results: The detection rate of sarcopenia was about 1.09% (78/7787). One-way ANOVA or nonparametric test results showed that age, BMI, WHR, SBP, DBP, FPG, HbA1c, AST, ALT, GGT, Cr, UA, TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and FT3 levels were significantly different among the four ASMI groups (P < 0.05). ASMI was positively correlated with BMI, WHR, SBP, DBP, FPG, HbA1c, AST, ALT, GGT, Cr, UA, TG, TC, LDL-C, FT3, and TSH (all P < 0.05); negatively correlated with age and HDL-C (all P < 0.05). Age, WHR and TG were independent risk factors for ASMI level, and BMI was an independent protective factor for ASMI level.
Conclusion: The ASMI level in healthy adult males is related to age, obesity, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, inflammation and thyroid hormone, among which age, BMI, WHR and TG are independent influencing factors of ASMI level.
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12. Yue Yibing, Yu Ying, Shen Lei, et al (2022). Risk prediction of sarcopenia based on physical examination data. Journal of Hangzhou Normal University (Natural Sci-ence Edition), 21(01): 14-22.
13. Guo Yushu, Xue Qian, Wei Yanan, et al (2021). Study on the occurrence and risk factors of sarcopenia in elderly obese patients. Chinese General Practice, 24(24): 3048-3053.
14. Kim H, Suzuki T, Kim M, et al (2015). Inci-dence and Predictors of Sarcopenia Onset in Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese Women: 4-Year Follow-Up Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 16(1): 85e1-8.
15. Xu Xuejuan, Chen Jingxian, Luan Xiaojun, et al (2018). Association between sarco-penia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis-ease in middle-aged and elderly. Medical Innovation of China, 15(13): 1-6.
16. Yang P (2019). Investigation on the occurrence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients. Nanchang University.
17. Zhang K, Wang Y, Li Q, et al (2020). Cur-rent status and related factors of sarco-penia in elderly hypertensive patients in the community. China Medical Herald, 17(18): 68-71.
18. Yang M, Liu Y, Zuo Y, Tang H (2019). Sar-copenia for predicting falls and hospi-talization in community -dwelling older adults: EWGSOP versus EWGSOP2. Sci Rep, 9(1):17636.
19. Wang N, Chen M, Fang D (2020). Relation-ship between serum triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and sarcopenia occurrence rate in communi-ty-dwelling Chinese adults. Lipids Health Dis, 19(1):248- 254.
20. Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR (2020). Re-view article: malnutrition/sarcopenia and frailty in patients with cirrhosis. Al-iment Pharmacol Ther, 51(1): 64-77.
21. Meyer F, Bannert K, Wiese M, et al (2020). Molecular Mechanism Contributing to Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci, 21(15):5357.
22. Souza VA, Oliveira D, Barbosa SR, et al (2017). Sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease not yet on dialy-sis: Analysis of the prevalence and asso-ciated factors. PLoS One, 12(4): e0176230.
23. Sabatino A, Cuppari L, Stenvinkel P, Lind-holm B, Avesani CM (2021). Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: what have we learned so far. J Nephrol, 34(4):1347-1372.
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25. Ferrari U, Then C, Rottenkolber M, et al (2020). Longitudinal association of type 2 diabetes and insulin therapy with mus-cle parameters in the KORA-Age study. Acta Diabetol, 57(9):1057-1063.
26. Sugimoto K, Tabara Y, Ikegami H, et al (2019). Hyperglycemia in non-obese pa-tients with type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass: The Multicenter Study for Clarifying Evidence for Sar-copenia in Patients with Diabetes Melli-tus. J Diabetes Investig, 10(6):1471-1479.
27. Kunutsor SK, Seidu S, Voutilainen A, Blom AW, Laukkanen JA (2021). Handgrip strength-a risk indicator for future frac-tures in the general population: findings from a prospective study and meta-analysis of 19 prospective cohort stud-ies. Geroscience, 43(2):869-880.
28. Yeung CHC, Au Yeung SL, Fong SSM, Schooling CM (2019). Lean mass, grip strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: a bi-directional Mendelian randomisation study. Diabetologia, 62(5):789- 799.
29. Mesinovic J, Zengin A, De Courten B, Ebeling PR, Scott D (2019). Sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bidirec-tional relationship. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 12(7):1057-1072.
30. Park S, Kim SH, Shin JY (2021). Combined association of skeletal muscle mass and grip strength with cardiovascular diseas-es in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Di-abetes, 13(12):1015-1024.
31. Salvatore D, Simonides WS, Dentice M, Zavacki AM, Larsen PR (2014). Thyroid hormones and skeletal muscle--new in-sights and potential implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 10(4):206-214.
32. Sheng Y, Ma D, Zhou Q, et al (2019). Asso-ciation of thyroid function with sarco-penia in elderly Chinese euthyroid sub-jects. Aging Clin Exp Res, 31(8):1113-1120.
33. Fu J, Mu Z, Sun L, et al (2021). The relation-ship between thyroid function and sar-copenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 13(12): 1155-1159.
34. Szlejf C, Suemoto CK, Janovsky CCPS, et al (2020). Thyroid Function and Sarcope-nia: Results from the ELSA-Brasil Study. J Am Geriatr Soc, 68(7):1545-1553.
35. Moon MK, Lee YJ, Choi SH, et al (2010). Subclinical hypothyroidism has little in-fluences on muscle mass or strength in elderly people. J Korean Med Sci, 25(8):1176-1181.
2. Wang H, Yu H, Shao J (2022). Research progress on sarcopenia. Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis, 28(02): 304-307.
3. Dao T, Green AE, Kim YA, et al (2020). Sarcopenia and Muscle Aging: A Brief Overview. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul), 35(4):716-732.
4. Pacifico J, Geerlings MAJ, Reijnierse EM, Phassouliotis C, Lim WK, Maier AB (2019). Prevalence of sarcopenia as a comorbid disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Exp Gerontol, 131:110801.
5. Zanker J, Duque G (2019). Osteoporosis in Older Persons: Old and New Players. J Am Geriatr Soc, 67(4): 831-840.
6. Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, et al (2020). Asian Working Group for Sarco-penia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sar-copenia Diagnosis and Treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21(3):300- 307.
7. Liu H, Zhou P, Zhang Y (2021). Diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. Chinese Journal of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Re-search, 14(04): 434-440.
8. Keller K, Engelhardt M (2014). Strength and muscle mass loss with aging pro-cess. Age and strength loss. Muscles Liga-ments Tendons J, 3(4):346-350.
9. Frampton J, Murphy KG, Frost G, Cham-bers ES (2021). Higher dietary fibre in-take is associated with increased skeletal muscle mass and strength in adults aged 40 years and older. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 12(6) :2134-2144.
10. Mitchell WK, Williams J, Atherton P, Larvin M, Lund J, Narici M (2012). Sar-copenia, Dynapenia, and the Impact of Advancing Age on Human Skeletal Mus-cle Size and Strength; a Quantitative Re-view. Front Physiol, 3(7) :260-277.
11. Han P, Kang L, Guo Q, et al (2016). Preva-lence and Factors Associated With Sar-copenia in Suburb-dwelling Older Chi-nese Using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia Definition. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 71 (4): 529-535.
12. Yue Yibing, Yu Ying, Shen Lei, et al (2022). Risk prediction of sarcopenia based on physical examination data. Journal of Hangzhou Normal University (Natural Sci-ence Edition), 21(01): 14-22.
13. Guo Yushu, Xue Qian, Wei Yanan, et al (2021). Study on the occurrence and risk factors of sarcopenia in elderly obese patients. Chinese General Practice, 24(24): 3048-3053.
14. Kim H, Suzuki T, Kim M, et al (2015). Inci-dence and Predictors of Sarcopenia Onset in Community-Dwelling Elderly Japanese Women: 4-Year Follow-Up Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 16(1): 85e1-8.
15. Xu Xuejuan, Chen Jingxian, Luan Xiaojun, et al (2018). Association between sarco-penia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis-ease in middle-aged and elderly. Medical Innovation of China, 15(13): 1-6.
16. Yang P (2019). Investigation on the occurrence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly T2DM patients. Nanchang University.
17. Zhang K, Wang Y, Li Q, et al (2020). Cur-rent status and related factors of sarco-penia in elderly hypertensive patients in the community. China Medical Herald, 17(18): 68-71.
18. Yang M, Liu Y, Zuo Y, Tang H (2019). Sar-copenia for predicting falls and hospi-talization in community -dwelling older adults: EWGSOP versus EWGSOP2. Sci Rep, 9(1):17636.
19. Wang N, Chen M, Fang D (2020). Relation-ship between serum triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and sarcopenia occurrence rate in communi-ty-dwelling Chinese adults. Lipids Health Dis, 19(1):248- 254.
20. Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR (2020). Re-view article: malnutrition/sarcopenia and frailty in patients with cirrhosis. Al-iment Pharmacol Ther, 51(1): 64-77.
21. Meyer F, Bannert K, Wiese M, et al (2020). Molecular Mechanism Contributing to Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci, 21(15):5357.
22. Souza VA, Oliveira D, Barbosa SR, et al (2017). Sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease not yet on dialy-sis: Analysis of the prevalence and asso-ciated factors. PLoS One, 12(4): e0176230.
23. Sabatino A, Cuppari L, Stenvinkel P, Lind-holm B, Avesani CM (2021). Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease: what have we learned so far. J Nephrol, 34(4):1347-1372.
24. Anagnostis P, Gkekas NK, Achilla C, et al (2020). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is Asso-ciated with Increased Risk of Sarcope-nia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Calcif Tissue Int, 107(5): 453 -463.
25. Ferrari U, Then C, Rottenkolber M, et al (2020). Longitudinal association of type 2 diabetes and insulin therapy with mus-cle parameters in the KORA-Age study. Acta Diabetol, 57(9):1057-1063.
26. Sugimoto K, Tabara Y, Ikegami H, et al (2019). Hyperglycemia in non-obese pa-tients with type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass: The Multicenter Study for Clarifying Evidence for Sar-copenia in Patients with Diabetes Melli-tus. J Diabetes Investig, 10(6):1471-1479.
27. Kunutsor SK, Seidu S, Voutilainen A, Blom AW, Laukkanen JA (2021). Handgrip strength-a risk indicator for future frac-tures in the general population: findings from a prospective study and meta-analysis of 19 prospective cohort stud-ies. Geroscience, 43(2):869-880.
28. Yeung CHC, Au Yeung SL, Fong SSM, Schooling CM (2019). Lean mass, grip strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: a bi-directional Mendelian randomisation study. Diabetologia, 62(5):789- 799.
29. Mesinovic J, Zengin A, De Courten B, Ebeling PR, Scott D (2019). Sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bidirec-tional relationship. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 12(7):1057-1072.
30. Park S, Kim SH, Shin JY (2021). Combined association of skeletal muscle mass and grip strength with cardiovascular diseas-es in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Di-abetes, 13(12):1015-1024.
31. Salvatore D, Simonides WS, Dentice M, Zavacki AM, Larsen PR (2014). Thyroid hormones and skeletal muscle--new in-sights and potential implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 10(4):206-214.
32. Sheng Y, Ma D, Zhou Q, et al (2019). Asso-ciation of thyroid function with sarco-penia in elderly Chinese euthyroid sub-jects. Aging Clin Exp Res, 31(8):1113-1120.
33. Fu J, Mu Z, Sun L, et al (2021). The relation-ship between thyroid function and sar-copenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. Chinese Journal of Diabetes, 13(12): 1155-1159.
34. Szlejf C, Suemoto CK, Janovsky CCPS, et al (2020). Thyroid Function and Sarcope-nia: Results from the ELSA-Brasil Study. J Am Geriatr Soc, 68(7):1545-1553.
35. Moon MK, Lee YJ, Choi SH, et al (2010). Subclinical hypothyroidism has little in-fluences on muscle mass or strength in elderly people. J Korean Med Sci, 25(8):1176-1181.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 52 No 8 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i8.13404 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index Sarcopenia Healthy population Bioelectrical impedance method | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Yang D, Lei R, Li Y, Zhou X, Yuan F, Jiang Y, Liu M. Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index Level (ASMI) and Its Influencing Factors in Healthy Adult Males. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(8):1665-1672.
