Abstruse Side of Climate Change, Impact on Malaria: A Systematic Evidence Review Comparing Iran versus Globally
Abstract
Background: Infectious outbreaks due to disrupted social and environmental conditions after climate change-induced events complicate disasters. This research aimed to determine the contentions of bioclimatic variables and extreme events on the prevalence of the most common Climate-Sensitive Infectious Disease (CSID); Malaria in Iran.
Methods: The present narrative systematic review study was conducted on the bioclimatic variable impact on the prevalence of malaria, as a common CSID. The search was conducted in 3 sections: global climate change-related studies, disaster related, and studies that were conducted in Iran. The literature search was focused on papers published in English and Persian from Mar 2000 to Dec 2021, using electronic databases; Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and IranDoc.
Results: Overall, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. The various types of climatic variables including; Temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and hydrological events including; flood, drought, and cyclones has been reported as a predictor of malaria. The results of studies, inappropriately and often were inconsistent in both Iran and other parts of the world.
Conclusion: Identifying malaria outbreak risks is essential to assess vulnerability, and a starting point to identify where the health system is required to reduce the vulnerability and exposure of the population. The finding of most related studies is not congruent to achieve reliable information, more extensive studies in all climates and regions of the country, by climatic models and high accuracy risk map, using the long period of bioclimatic variables and malaria trend is recommended.
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2. Mazhin SA, Khankeh H, Farrokhi M, et al (2020). Migration health crisis associated with climate change: A systematic re-view. J Educ Health Promot, 9: 97.
3. Ogden NH, AbdelMalik P, Pulliam JR (2017). Emerging Infections: Emerging infectious diseases: prediction and de-tection. Can Commun Dis Rep, 43 (10): 206-211.
4. Roveshti MM, Khajehnasiri F, Pirposhteh EA, et al (2022). A systematic review on the climate andecosystem change asso-ciated with the COVID-19epidemic: global challenges. Avicenna J Environ Health Eng, 9(2):117-123.
5. Porsadeqiyan M, Askari A, Pirposhteh E A, et al. (2023). Social Inequalities of Cli-mate Change with a Regional and Global Approach. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly, 8 (4) :219-222.
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7. Carter R (2003). Speculations on the origins of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Trends Parasitol, 19 (5): 214-9.
8. Ngarakana ET, Bhunu CP, Masocha M, et al (2016). Assessing the role of climate change in malaria transmission in Afri-ca. Malar Res Treat, 2016: 7104291.
9. World Health Organization (2014). Quanti-tative risk assessment of the effects of climate change on selected causes of death, 2030s and 2050s. World Health Organ.
10. Kent RJ, Mharakurwa S, Norris DE (2007). Spatial and temporal genetic structure of Anopheles arabiensis in Southern Zam-bia over consecutive wet and drought years. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 77(2):316-23.
11. World Health Organization (2015). World health statistics 2015. World Health Or-gan.
12. Kondo H, Seo N, Yasuda T, et al (2002). Post-flood—infectious diseases in Mozambique. Prehosp Disaster Med, 17 (3): 126-33.
13. Mansouri MR, Ebrahimi M, Nejad-soleymani H (2019). An overview of cli-mate change in Iran: facts and statistics. Environ Syst Res, 8: 7.
14. Yadollahie M (2019). The flood in Iran: a consequence of the global warming? Int J Occup Environ Med, 10 (2): 54-56.
15. Modarres R, Sarhadi A, Burn DH (2016). Changes of extreme drought and flood events in Iran. Glob Planet Change, 144: 67-81.
16. Alizadeh O, Najafi MS (2018). Extreme weather events in Iran under a changing climate. Clim Dyn, 50 (1-2): 249-60.
17. Khankeh H, Kolivand P, Ahmadi S, et al (2020). Health System Response and Management: Lessons Learned from Iran 2019 Floods. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly, 5(4):227-236
18. Darand M (2020). Projected changes in ex-treme precipitation events over Iran in the 21st century based on CMIP5 mod-els. Clim Res, 82: 75-95.
19. Amanat N, Valinejadi A, Mehrifar Y, Pour-sadeqiyan M. (2022). A Systematic Litera-ture Review Protocol on Climate Change Perception Models. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 10(3):197-204.
20. Sharifi F, Samadi SZ, Wilson CA (2012). Causes and consequences of recent floods in the Golestan catchments and Caspian Sea regions of Iran. Natural Hazards, 61: 533-50.
21. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting system-atic reviews. BMJ, 372: n71.
22. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al (2014). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiol-ogy (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg, 12(12):1495-1499.
23. Endo N, Yamana T, Eltahir EAB (2017). Impact of climate change on malaria in Africa: a combined modelling and ob-servational study. Lancet, 389: S7.
24. Gunda R, Chimbari MJ, Shamu S, et al (2017). Malaria incidence trends and their association with climatic variables in rural Gwanda, Zimbabwe, 2005–2015. Malar J, 16 (1): 393.
25. Le PV, Kumar P, Ruiz MO, et al (2019). Predicting the direct and indirect im-pacts of climate change on malaria in coastal Kenya. PLoS One, 14 (2): e0211258.
26. Ferrão JL, Mendes JM, Painho M (2017). Malaria mortality characterization and the relationship between malaria mor-tality and climate in Chimoio, Mozam-bique. Malar J, 16 (1): 212.
27. Williams N (2010). Malaria climbs the mountain. Curr Biol 20(2): 37-38 .
28. Kipruto EK, Ochieng AO, Anyona DN, et al (2017). Effect of climatic variability on malaria trends in Baringo County, Kenya. Malar J, 16: 220.
29. Tompkins AM, Larsen L, McCreesh N, et al (2016). To what extent does climate ex-plain variations in reported malaria cas-es in early 20th century Uganda? Geospat Health, 11 (1 Suppl): 407.
30. Kim JE, Choi Y, Lee CH (2019). Effects of climate change on Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission dynamics: A math-ematical modeling approach. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 347: 616–30.
31. Kibret S, Lautze J, McCartney M, et al (2016). Malaria and large dams in sub-Saharan Africa: future impacts in a changing climate. Malar J, 15 (1): 448.
32. Ssempiira J, Kissa J, Nambuusi B, et al (2018). Interactions between climatic changes and intervention effects on ma-laria spatio-temporal dynamics in Uganda. Parasite Epidemiol Control, 3 (3): e00070.
33. Rouamba T, Nakanabo-Diallo S, Derra K, et al (2019). Socioeconomic and envi-ronmental factors associated with ma-laria hotspots in the Nanoro demo-graphic surveillance area, Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health, 19(1):249.
34. Diouf I, Fonseca BR, Caminade C, et al (2020). Climate variability and malaria over West Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 102 (5): 1037-1047.
35. Wanjala CL, Kweka EJ (2016). Impact of Highland Topography Changes on Ex-posure to Malaria Vectors and Immunity in Western Kenya. Front Public Health, 4: 227.
36. Moreno AR (2006). Climate change and human health in Latin America: drivers, effects, and policies. Regional Environmen-tal Change, 6(3):157-64.
37. Hashizume M, Kondo H, Murakami T, et al (2006). Use of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in an emergency situation after the flood disaster in Mozambique. Public Health, 120 (5): 444-7.
38. Ding G, Gao L, Li X, et al (2014). A mixed method to evaluate burden of malaria due to flooding and waterlogging in Mengcheng County, China: a case study. PLoS One, 9 (5): e97520.
39. El Sayed BB, Arnot DE, Mukhtar MM, et al (2000). A study of the urban malaria transmission problem in Khartoum. Ac-ta Trop, 75 (2): 163-171.
40. Sáenz, R., Bissell, R., & Paniagua, F. (1995). Post-Disaster Malaria in Costa Rica. Pre-hosp Disaster Med, 10 (3): 154-160.
41. Wakuma Abaya S, Mandere N, Ewald G (2009). Floods and health in Gambella region, Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of cop-ing mechanisms. Glob Health Action, 2 :10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019.
42. World Health Organization (2005). Flood-ing and communicable diseases fact sheet. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 80(3):21-8.
43. Gagnon AS, Smoyer-Tomic KE, Bush AB (2002). The El Nino southern oscillation and malaria epidemics in South Ameri-ca. Int J Biometeorol, 46 (2): 81-89.
44. Kent RJ, Thuma PE, Mharakurwa S, et al (2007). Seasonality, blood feeding behav-ior, and transmission of Plasmodium falci-parum by Anopheles arabiensis after an ex-tended drought in southern Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 76 (2): 267-274.
45. Stanke C, Kerac M, Prudhomme C, et al (2013). Health effects of drought: a sys-tematic review of the evidence. PLoS Curr, 5: ecur-rents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004.
46. Hanafi-Bojd AA, Vatandoost H, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR (2020). Climate change and the risk of malaria transmission in Iran. J Med Entomol, 57 (1): 50-64.
47. Morianzadeh J (2016). Analysis of the im-pact climate and ENSO on the malaria in Kerman province. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 5(8):17-30.
48. Mohammadkhani M, Khanjani N, Bakhtiari B, et al (2016). The relation be-tween climatic factors and malaria inci-dence in Kerman, South East of Iran. Parasite Epidemiol Control, 1 (3): 205-210.
49. Mohammadkhani M, Khanjani N, Bakhtiari B, et al (2019). The relation be-tween climatic factors and malaria inci-dence in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. SAGE Open, 9 (3): 2158244019864205.
50. Halimi M, Farajzadeh M, Delavari M, et al (2014). Climatic survey of malaria inci-dence in Iran during 1971-2005. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 12(1) 1-11.
51. Halimi M, Zarei Cheghabalehi Z, Jafari Modrek M (2016). Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Annual Malaria Occurrence in Iran. Iranian Jour-nal of Health and Environment, 9 (3): 369-382.
52. Halimi M, Delavari M, Takhtardeshir A (2013). Survey of climatic condition of Malaria disease outbreak in Iran using GIS. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 10 (3): 41-52.
53. Mozaffari GA (2012). Bioclimatic Analysis of the Malaria Disease Outbreak in Chabahar City. Geographical Space, 12 (38): 21-37.
54. Barati M, Keshavarz-valian H, Habibi-nokhandan M, et al (2012). Spatial out-line of malaria transmission in Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med, 5 (10): 789-795.
55. 54 Tuchman NC, Wahtera KA, Wetzel RG, et al (2003). Nutritional quality of leaf detritus altered by elevated atmospheric CO2: effects on development of mos-quito larvae. Freshwater Biology, 48 (8): 1432-9.
56. Smith C, Baldwin AH, Sullivan J, et al (2013). Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on competition between the mos-quitoes Aedes albopictus and Ae. triseriatus via changes in litter quality and produc-tion. J Med Entomol, 50 (3): 521-32.
57. Pappas TN (2017). Bright's Disease, Malar-ia, and Machine Politics: The Story of the Illness of President Chester A. Ar-thur. Surg J (N Y), 3(4): e181-187.
58. Siya A, Kalule BJ, Ssentongo B, et all (2020). Malaria patterns across altitudi-nal zones of Mount Elgon following in-tensified control and prevention pro-grams in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis, 20:1-6.
59. Njama D, Dorsey G, Guwatudde D, et al (2003). Urban malaria: primary caregiv-ers’ knowledge, attitudes, practices and predictors of malaria incidence in a co-hort of Ugandan children. Trop Med Int Health, 8 (8): 685-692.
60. Aminizadeh M, Farrokhi M, Ebadi A, et al (2019). Hospital management prepared-ness tools in biological events: A scop-ing review. J Educ Health Promot, 8:234.
61. Sim S, Ng LC, Lindsay SW, et al (2020). A greener vision for vector control: The example of the Singapore dengue con-trol programme. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 14 (8): e0008428.
62. Smith C, Baldwin AH, Sullivan J (2013). Ef-fects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on competition between the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Ae. triseriatus via changes in litter quality and production. J Med Entomol, 50 (3): 521-532.
63. Reiter P (1998). Global-warming and vec-tor-borne disease in temperate regions and at high altitude. Lancet, 351 (9105): 839-840.
64. Mouchet JE, Manguin S, Sircoulon JA, et al (1998). Evolution of malaria in Africa for the past 40 years: impact of climatic and human factors. J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 14 (2): 121-130.
65. Reiter P (2001). Climate change and mos-quito-borne disease. Environ Health Per-spect, 109 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):141-61.
66. Vaghefi SA, Keykhai M, Jahanbakhshi F, et al (2019). The future of extreme climate in Iran. Sci Rep, 9(1):1464.
67. Beck-Johnson LM, Nelson WA, Paaijmans KP, et al (2013). The effect of tempera-ture on Anopheles mosquito population dynamics and the potential for malaria transmission. PLoS One, 8 (11): e79276.
68. Lyon B, Dinku T, Raman A, et al (2017). Temperature suitability for malaria climbing the Ethiopian Highlands. Envi-ron Res Lett, 12 (6): 064015.
69. Lauderdale JM, Caminade C, Heath AE, et al (2014). Towards seasonal forecasting of malaria in India. Malar J, 13: 310.
70. Baqir M, Sobani ZA, Bhamani A, et al (2012). Infectious diseases in the after-math of monsoon flooding in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2 (1): 76-9.
71. Endo N, Eltahir EA (2020). Increased risk of malaria transmission with warming temperature in the Ethiopian Highlands. Environ Res Lett, 15(5):054006.
72. Jitthai N (2013). Migration and malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 44 Suppl 1:166-200
73. Raeisi A, Gouya MM, Nadim A, et al (2013). Determination of malaria epidemiolog-ical status in Iran’s malarious areas as baseline information for implementa-tion of malaria elimination program in Iran. Iran J Public Health. 42(3):326.
2. Mazhin SA, Khankeh H, Farrokhi M, et al (2020). Migration health crisis associated with climate change: A systematic re-view. J Educ Health Promot, 9: 97.
3. Ogden NH, AbdelMalik P, Pulliam JR (2017). Emerging Infections: Emerging infectious diseases: prediction and de-tection. Can Commun Dis Rep, 43 (10): 206-211.
4. Roveshti MM, Khajehnasiri F, Pirposhteh EA, et al (2022). A systematic review on the climate andecosystem change asso-ciated with the COVID-19epidemic: global challenges. Avicenna J Environ Health Eng, 9(2):117-123.
5. Porsadeqiyan M, Askari A, Pirposhteh E A, et al. (2023). Social Inequalities of Cli-mate Change with a Regional and Global Approach. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly, 8 (4) :219-222.
6. World Health Organization (2020). Malaria eradication: benefits, future scenarios and feasibility: a report of the Strategic Advisory Group on Malaria Eradication. World Health Organ.
7. Carter R (2003). Speculations on the origins of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Trends Parasitol, 19 (5): 214-9.
8. Ngarakana ET, Bhunu CP, Masocha M, et al (2016). Assessing the role of climate change in malaria transmission in Afri-ca. Malar Res Treat, 2016: 7104291.
9. World Health Organization (2014). Quanti-tative risk assessment of the effects of climate change on selected causes of death, 2030s and 2050s. World Health Organ.
10. Kent RJ, Mharakurwa S, Norris DE (2007). Spatial and temporal genetic structure of Anopheles arabiensis in Southern Zam-bia over consecutive wet and drought years. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 77(2):316-23.
11. World Health Organization (2015). World health statistics 2015. World Health Or-gan.
12. Kondo H, Seo N, Yasuda T, et al (2002). Post-flood—infectious diseases in Mozambique. Prehosp Disaster Med, 17 (3): 126-33.
13. Mansouri MR, Ebrahimi M, Nejad-soleymani H (2019). An overview of cli-mate change in Iran: facts and statistics. Environ Syst Res, 8: 7.
14. Yadollahie M (2019). The flood in Iran: a consequence of the global warming? Int J Occup Environ Med, 10 (2): 54-56.
15. Modarres R, Sarhadi A, Burn DH (2016). Changes of extreme drought and flood events in Iran. Glob Planet Change, 144: 67-81.
16. Alizadeh O, Najafi MS (2018). Extreme weather events in Iran under a changing climate. Clim Dyn, 50 (1-2): 249-60.
17. Khankeh H, Kolivand P, Ahmadi S, et al (2020). Health System Response and Management: Lessons Learned from Iran 2019 Floods. Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly, 5(4):227-236
18. Darand M (2020). Projected changes in ex-treme precipitation events over Iran in the 21st century based on CMIP5 mod-els. Clim Res, 82: 75-95.
19. Amanat N, Valinejadi A, Mehrifar Y, Pour-sadeqiyan M. (2022). A Systematic Litera-ture Review Protocol on Climate Change Perception Models. Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research, 10(3):197-204.
20. Sharifi F, Samadi SZ, Wilson CA (2012). Causes and consequences of recent floods in the Golestan catchments and Caspian Sea regions of Iran. Natural Hazards, 61: 533-50.
21. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting system-atic reviews. BMJ, 372: n71.
22. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al (2014). The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiol-ogy (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Int J Surg, 12(12):1495-1499.
23. Endo N, Yamana T, Eltahir EAB (2017). Impact of climate change on malaria in Africa: a combined modelling and ob-servational study. Lancet, 389: S7.
24. Gunda R, Chimbari MJ, Shamu S, et al (2017). Malaria incidence trends and their association with climatic variables in rural Gwanda, Zimbabwe, 2005–2015. Malar J, 16 (1): 393.
25. Le PV, Kumar P, Ruiz MO, et al (2019). Predicting the direct and indirect im-pacts of climate change on malaria in coastal Kenya. PLoS One, 14 (2): e0211258.
26. Ferrão JL, Mendes JM, Painho M (2017). Malaria mortality characterization and the relationship between malaria mor-tality and climate in Chimoio, Mozam-bique. Malar J, 16 (1): 212.
27. Williams N (2010). Malaria climbs the mountain. Curr Biol 20(2): 37-38 .
28. Kipruto EK, Ochieng AO, Anyona DN, et al (2017). Effect of climatic variability on malaria trends in Baringo County, Kenya. Malar J, 16: 220.
29. Tompkins AM, Larsen L, McCreesh N, et al (2016). To what extent does climate ex-plain variations in reported malaria cas-es in early 20th century Uganda? Geospat Health, 11 (1 Suppl): 407.
30. Kim JE, Choi Y, Lee CH (2019). Effects of climate change on Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission dynamics: A math-ematical modeling approach. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 347: 616–30.
31. Kibret S, Lautze J, McCartney M, et al (2016). Malaria and large dams in sub-Saharan Africa: future impacts in a changing climate. Malar J, 15 (1): 448.
32. Ssempiira J, Kissa J, Nambuusi B, et al (2018). Interactions between climatic changes and intervention effects on ma-laria spatio-temporal dynamics in Uganda. Parasite Epidemiol Control, 3 (3): e00070.
33. Rouamba T, Nakanabo-Diallo S, Derra K, et al (2019). Socioeconomic and envi-ronmental factors associated with ma-laria hotspots in the Nanoro demo-graphic surveillance area, Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health, 19(1):249.
34. Diouf I, Fonseca BR, Caminade C, et al (2020). Climate variability and malaria over West Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 102 (5): 1037-1047.
35. Wanjala CL, Kweka EJ (2016). Impact of Highland Topography Changes on Ex-posure to Malaria Vectors and Immunity in Western Kenya. Front Public Health, 4: 227.
36. Moreno AR (2006). Climate change and human health in Latin America: drivers, effects, and policies. Regional Environmen-tal Change, 6(3):157-64.
37. Hashizume M, Kondo H, Murakami T, et al (2006). Use of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria in an emergency situation after the flood disaster in Mozambique. Public Health, 120 (5): 444-7.
38. Ding G, Gao L, Li X, et al (2014). A mixed method to evaluate burden of malaria due to flooding and waterlogging in Mengcheng County, China: a case study. PLoS One, 9 (5): e97520.
39. El Sayed BB, Arnot DE, Mukhtar MM, et al (2000). A study of the urban malaria transmission problem in Khartoum. Ac-ta Trop, 75 (2): 163-171.
40. Sáenz, R., Bissell, R., & Paniagua, F. (1995). Post-Disaster Malaria in Costa Rica. Pre-hosp Disaster Med, 10 (3): 154-160.
41. Wakuma Abaya S, Mandere N, Ewald G (2009). Floods and health in Gambella region, Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of cop-ing mechanisms. Glob Health Action, 2 :10.3402/gha.v2i0.2019.
42. World Health Organization (2005). Flood-ing and communicable diseases fact sheet. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 80(3):21-8.
43. Gagnon AS, Smoyer-Tomic KE, Bush AB (2002). The El Nino southern oscillation and malaria epidemics in South Ameri-ca. Int J Biometeorol, 46 (2): 81-89.
44. Kent RJ, Thuma PE, Mharakurwa S, et al (2007). Seasonality, blood feeding behav-ior, and transmission of Plasmodium falci-parum by Anopheles arabiensis after an ex-tended drought in southern Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 76 (2): 267-274.
45. Stanke C, Kerac M, Prudhomme C, et al (2013). Health effects of drought: a sys-tematic review of the evidence. PLoS Curr, 5: ecur-rents.dis.7a2cee9e980f91ad7697b570bcc4b004.
46. Hanafi-Bojd AA, Vatandoost H, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR (2020). Climate change and the risk of malaria transmission in Iran. J Med Entomol, 57 (1): 50-64.
47. Morianzadeh J (2016). Analysis of the im-pact climate and ENSO on the malaria in Kerman province. Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, 5(8):17-30.
48. Mohammadkhani M, Khanjani N, Bakhtiari B, et al (2016). The relation be-tween climatic factors and malaria inci-dence in Kerman, South East of Iran. Parasite Epidemiol Control, 1 (3): 205-210.
49. Mohammadkhani M, Khanjani N, Bakhtiari B, et al (2019). The relation be-tween climatic factors and malaria inci-dence in Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. SAGE Open, 9 (3): 2158244019864205.
50. Halimi M, Farajzadeh M, Delavari M, et al (2014). Climatic survey of malaria inci-dence in Iran during 1971-2005. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 12(1) 1-11.
51. Halimi M, Zarei Cheghabalehi Z, Jafari Modrek M (2016). Impact of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Annual Malaria Occurrence in Iran. Iranian Jour-nal of Health and Environment, 9 (3): 369-382.
52. Halimi M, Delavari M, Takhtardeshir A (2013). Survey of climatic condition of Malaria disease outbreak in Iran using GIS. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 10 (3): 41-52.
53. Mozaffari GA (2012). Bioclimatic Analysis of the Malaria Disease Outbreak in Chabahar City. Geographical Space, 12 (38): 21-37.
54. Barati M, Keshavarz-valian H, Habibi-nokhandan M, et al (2012). Spatial out-line of malaria transmission in Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med, 5 (10): 789-795.
55. 54 Tuchman NC, Wahtera KA, Wetzel RG, et al (2003). Nutritional quality of leaf detritus altered by elevated atmospheric CO2: effects on development of mos-quito larvae. Freshwater Biology, 48 (8): 1432-9.
56. Smith C, Baldwin AH, Sullivan J, et al (2013). Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on competition between the mos-quitoes Aedes albopictus and Ae. triseriatus via changes in litter quality and produc-tion. J Med Entomol, 50 (3): 521-32.
57. Pappas TN (2017). Bright's Disease, Malar-ia, and Machine Politics: The Story of the Illness of President Chester A. Ar-thur. Surg J (N Y), 3(4): e181-187.
58. Siya A, Kalule BJ, Ssentongo B, et all (2020). Malaria patterns across altitudi-nal zones of Mount Elgon following in-tensified control and prevention pro-grams in Uganda. BMC Infect Dis, 20:1-6.
59. Njama D, Dorsey G, Guwatudde D, et al (2003). Urban malaria: primary caregiv-ers’ knowledge, attitudes, practices and predictors of malaria incidence in a co-hort of Ugandan children. Trop Med Int Health, 8 (8): 685-692.
60. Aminizadeh M, Farrokhi M, Ebadi A, et al (2019). Hospital management prepared-ness tools in biological events: A scop-ing review. J Educ Health Promot, 8:234.
61. Sim S, Ng LC, Lindsay SW, et al (2020). A greener vision for vector control: The example of the Singapore dengue con-trol programme. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 14 (8): e0008428.
62. Smith C, Baldwin AH, Sullivan J (2013). Ef-fects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on competition between the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Ae. triseriatus via changes in litter quality and production. J Med Entomol, 50 (3): 521-532.
63. Reiter P (1998). Global-warming and vec-tor-borne disease in temperate regions and at high altitude. Lancet, 351 (9105): 839-840.
64. Mouchet JE, Manguin S, Sircoulon JA, et al (1998). Evolution of malaria in Africa for the past 40 years: impact of climatic and human factors. J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 14 (2): 121-130.
65. Reiter P (2001). Climate change and mos-quito-borne disease. Environ Health Per-spect, 109 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):141-61.
66. Vaghefi SA, Keykhai M, Jahanbakhshi F, et al (2019). The future of extreme climate in Iran. Sci Rep, 9(1):1464.
67. Beck-Johnson LM, Nelson WA, Paaijmans KP, et al (2013). The effect of tempera-ture on Anopheles mosquito population dynamics and the potential for malaria transmission. PLoS One, 8 (11): e79276.
68. Lyon B, Dinku T, Raman A, et al (2017). Temperature suitability for malaria climbing the Ethiopian Highlands. Envi-ron Res Lett, 12 (6): 064015.
69. Lauderdale JM, Caminade C, Heath AE, et al (2014). Towards seasonal forecasting of malaria in India. Malar J, 13: 310.
70. Baqir M, Sobani ZA, Bhamani A, et al (2012). Infectious diseases in the after-math of monsoon flooding in Pakistan. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2 (1): 76-9.
71. Endo N, Eltahir EA (2020). Increased risk of malaria transmission with warming temperature in the Ethiopian Highlands. Environ Res Lett, 15(5):054006.
72. Jitthai N (2013). Migration and malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 44 Suppl 1:166-200
73. Raeisi A, Gouya MM, Nadim A, et al (2013). Determination of malaria epidemiolog-ical status in Iran’s malarious areas as baseline information for implementa-tion of malaria elimination program in Iran. Iran J Public Health. 42(3):326.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 5 (2024) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i5.15584 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Climate change Natural disasters Re-emerging diseases Vector-borne disease Malaria | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Majidi Bajerge N, Khankeh H, Dashtbozorgi A, Farrokhi M. Abstruse Side of Climate Change, Impact on Malaria: A Systematic Evidence Review Comparing Iran versus Globally. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(5):1047-1057.
