Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated with Maternal Obesity and Overweight: A Cross Sectional Study among Moroccan Women in Marrakech
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Abstract
Background: Obesity is becoming a real challenge for public health among pregnant women. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors and outcomes linked to maternal obesity and overweight.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from Nov 2021 to Dec 2022 in the maternity health facility of Mohammed VI Hospital, as well as in one of the main health centers with a delivery unit in Marrakech, Morocco. Parturients were divided into four categories according to their pre pregnancy BMI: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. We used the chi-square test (χ²) to analyze the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with maternal obesity and overweight. The same tool was utilized to explore maternal and neonatal complications.
Results: Overall, 400 parturient women with singleton pregnancies were included in the study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29.8% and 31.5% respectively. Maternal age, type of housing, practicing sports, feelings about pregnancy were correlated with an increased risk of maternal obesity and being overweight. The risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension, anemia, cesarean delivery, and fetal macrosomia were higher among overweight and obese women compared to normal weight ones. The differences were significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Maternal overweight and obesity are strongly linked with socio-economic, lifestyle, and psychological factors which can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby. Further research is needed to develop appropriate preventive measures and interventions for maternal obesity and overweight.
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26. Bautista-Castaño I, Henriquez-Sanchez P, Alemán-Perez N, et al (2013). Maternal obesity in early pregnancy and risk of ad-verse outcomes. PLoS One, 8 (11): e80410.
27. Callaghan WM, Chu SY, Kim YS, et al (2007). Maternal Obesity and Risk of Gestational. Diabetes Care, 30 (8): 2070–76.
28. O'Brien TE, Ray JG, Chan WS (2003). Ma-ternal Body Mass Index and the Risk of Preeclampsia: A Systematic Overview. Ep-idemiology, 14(3): 368–74
29. Tan J, Qi YN, He GL, et al (2018). Associa-tion between Maternal Weight Indicators and Iron Deficiency Anemia during Pregnancy: A Cohort Study. Chin Med J (Engl), 131(21): 2566–74.
30. Kordas K, Fonseca Centeno ZY, Pachón H, et al (2013). Being overweight or obese is associated with lower prevalence of ane-mia among Colombian women of re-productive age. J Nutr, 143(2): 175–181.
31. Sheiner E, Levy A, Menes TS, et al (2004). Maternal obesity as an independent risk factor for caesarean delivery. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18(3): 196–201.
32. Cnattingius S, Bergström R, Lipworth L, et al (1998). Prepregnancy Weight and the Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. N Engl J Med, 338 (3): 147–152.
33. Chen M, McNiff C, Madan J, et al (2010). Maternal obesity and neonatal Apgar scores. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 23 (1): 89–95.
2. Ministère de la Santé Maro-caine/Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (2018). Enquête nationale sur les facteurs de risque communs des maladies non transmissibles. Available from: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/ncds/ncd-surveillance/data-reporting/morocco/steps/steps-report-2017-2018-morocco-final.pdf?sfvrsn=d064ef54_3.
3. Popkin BM (1999). Urbanization, Lifestyle Changes and the Nutrition Transition. World Development, 27 (11): 1905–16.
4. Mclaren L (2007). Socioeconomic Status and Obesity. Epidemiol Rev,29: 29–48.
5. Monteiro CA, Moura EC, Conde WL, Pop-kin BM (2004). Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of develop-ing countries: a review. Bull World Health Organ, 82 (12): 940–46.
6. Sebire NJ, Jolly M, Harris JP, Wadsworth J, et al (2001). Maternal obesity and preg-nancy outcome: A study of 287 213 pregnancies in London. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 25 (8):1175-82
7. Myles TD, Gooch J, Santolaya, J (2002). Obesity as an independent risk factor for infectious morbidity in patients who un-dergo cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol, 100(5 Pt 1): 959–64.
8. Fyfe EM, Thompson JM, Anderson NH, et al (2012). Maternal obesity and postpar-tum haemorrhage after vaginal and cae-sarean delivery among nulliparous wom-en at term: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 12:112.
9. Belahsen R, Mziwira M, Fertat F (2004). An-thropometry of women of childbearing age in Morocco: body composition and prevalence of overweight and obesity. Public Health Nutr, 7 (4): 523–30.
10. Jafri A, Jabari M, Dahhak M, et al (2013). Obesity and its Related Factors among Women from Popular Neighborhoods in Casablanca, Morocco. Ethn Dis, 23 (3): 369–73.
11. Amugsi DA, Dimbuene ZT, Mberu B, et al (2017). Prevalence and time trends in overweight and obesity among urban women: An analysis of demographic and health surveys data from 24 African countries, 1991 - 2014. BMJ Open, 7 (10): e017344.
12. Okoh M (2013). Socio-demographic corre-lates of overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health, 17 (4): 66–76.
13. Lahmann PH, Lissner L, Gullberg B, et al (2000). Sociodemographic factors associ-ated with long-term weight gain, current body fatness and central adiposity in Swedish women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 24 (6): 685–94.
14. Taoudi F, Laamiri FZ, Barich F, et al (2021). Study of the Prevalence of Obesity and Its Association with Maternal and Neo-natal Characteristics and Morbidity Pro-file in a Population of Moroccan Preg-nant Women. J Nutr Metab, 2021: 6188847.
15. Barich F, Zahrou FE, Laamiri FZ, et al (2018). Association of Obesity and Soci-oeconomic Status among Women of Childbearing Age Living in Urban Area of Morocco. J Nutr Metab, 2018: 6043042.
16. Sidik SM, Rampal L (2009). The prevalence and factors associated with obesity among adult women in Selangor, Malay-sia. Asia Pac Fam Med, 8 (1): 2.
17. Mangemba NT, San Sebastian M (2020). Societal risk factors for overweight and obesity in women in Zimbabwe: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 20 (1): 103.
18. Stoś K, Rychlik E, Woźniak A, et al (2022). Prevalence and Sociodemographic Fac-tors Associated with Overweight and Obesity among Adults in Poland: A 2019/2020 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19 (3): 1502.
19. El Rhazi K, Nejjari C, Zidouh A, et al (2011). Prevalence of obesity and associated so-ciodemographic and lifestyle factors in Morocco. Public Health Nutr, 14 (1): 160–7.
20. Shariff ZM, Khor GL (2005). Obesity and household food insecurity: Evidence from a sample of rural households in Malaysia. Eur J Clin Nutr, 59 (9): 1049-58.
21. Haidar A, Jouni L, Koubar M, et al (2017). Impact of active smoking, passive smok-ing, and smoking cessation on over-weight and obesity: First national cross-sectional study. Int J Med Sci Public Health, 6 (3): 577-82.
22. Rguibi M, Belahsen R (2004). Overweight and obesity among urban Sahraoui wom-en of South Morocco. Ethn Dis,14(4): 542–47.
23. Bodnar LM, Wisner KL, Moses-Kolko E, et al (2009). Prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, and the likelihood of major depressive disorder during pregnancy. J Clin Psychiatry, 70(9): 1290–96.
24. Faria-Schützer DB, Surita FG, Nascimento SL, et al (2017). Psychological issues fac-ing obese pregnant women: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 30 (1): 88–95.
25. Vince K, Brkić M, Poljičanin T, Matijević R (2021). Prevalence and impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on pregnan-cy outcome: a cross-sectional study in Croatia. J Obstet Gynaecol, 41 (1): 55–59.
26. Bautista-Castaño I, Henriquez-Sanchez P, Alemán-Perez N, et al (2013). Maternal obesity in early pregnancy and risk of ad-verse outcomes. PLoS One, 8 (11): e80410.
27. Callaghan WM, Chu SY, Kim YS, et al (2007). Maternal Obesity and Risk of Gestational. Diabetes Care, 30 (8): 2070–76.
28. O'Brien TE, Ray JG, Chan WS (2003). Ma-ternal Body Mass Index and the Risk of Preeclampsia: A Systematic Overview. Ep-idemiology, 14(3): 368–74
29. Tan J, Qi YN, He GL, et al (2018). Associa-tion between Maternal Weight Indicators and Iron Deficiency Anemia during Pregnancy: A Cohort Study. Chin Med J (Engl), 131(21): 2566–74.
30. Kordas K, Fonseca Centeno ZY, Pachón H, et al (2013). Being overweight or obese is associated with lower prevalence of ane-mia among Colombian women of re-productive age. J Nutr, 143(2): 175–181.
31. Sheiner E, Levy A, Menes TS, et al (2004). Maternal obesity as an independent risk factor for caesarean delivery. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18(3): 196–201.
32. Cnattingius S, Bergström R, Lipworth L, et al (1998). Prepregnancy Weight and the Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. N Engl J Med, 338 (3): 147–152.
33. Chen M, McNiff C, Madan J, et al (2010). Maternal obesity and neonatal Apgar scores. Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 23 (1): 89–95.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i4.15561 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Obesity Overweight Pregnancy Sociodemographic Gestational diabetes Preeclampsia | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Samim S, Loukid M, Lamtali S. Risk Factors and Outcomes Associated with Maternal Obesity and Overweight: A Cross Sectional Study among Moroccan Women in Marrakech. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(4):846-854.
