Problems Experienced by the Mothers in Post-Cesarean Period: A Narrative Review
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Abstract
Cesarean delivery rates have been increasing which leads to a rise the problems experienced. After cesarean deliveries important problems for the mother and baby may be seen. The most common problems in the mothers after cesarean delivery are; bleeding, infection, fatigue, sleep disorders, breast problems, self-care issues, and sense of inadequacy in care of the newborn. The method used in this study was narrative review. A literature review was conducted by searching the materials published in databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar search engine and, the WHO website. Pain, maternal death, breastfeeding problems, worsened sleep quality and comfort, anxiety, delayed recovery, prolonged hospitalization and infection rates in the cesarean deliveries are higher than in vaginal deliveries. Nurses can facilitate adaptation to the role of motherhood and prevent risky situations by evaluating mothers’ care needs and providing proper interventions and support. Nurses should not only focus on the physical care needs of the mother and baby; they should also ensure the physical and psycho-social adaptation of family members in the face of role changes.
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7. Karabel MP, Demirbaş M, İnci MB (2017). Changing cesarean section frequency and possible causes in Turkey and in the world. Sakarya Medical Journal, 7(4): 58-163.
8. Demir R (2022). Mother and baby frıend cesarean. Kirsehir Ahi Evran University Journal of Health Sciences, 6(1): 53-60.
9. Vural G, Şentürk EA (2017). Why did medi-calization of birth increase, can we re-duce ıt? Journal of Hacettepe University Facul-ty of Nursing, 4(2): 76-83.
10. TR. Ministry of Health, General Direc-torate of Maternal Child Health and Family Planning. Safe Mothering Partici-pant Book. Ankara: General Directorate of Maternal Child Health and Family Planning Printery; 2009. pp:120-129.
11. Özden S. Postpartum physiology and care. In: Çiçek N (ed), Mungan MT (ed), clinical obstetrics and gynecology. Sun Medical Bookstores, 2007; pp: 185-196.
12. Arslan HO, Bilgin Z. Postnatal period, evi-dence-based pregnancy and birth man-agement. Nobel Medical Bookstores; 2019.
13. Erçel O, Süt H (2020). Sleep and quality of life in postpartum women. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 1: 23-30.
14. Erbaş N (2017). Determination of the health problems among women in postpartum period depending on the way of giving birth: An example from Sivas for the year 2012. Journal of Continu-ing Medical Education, 26 (4): 133-138.
15. Pınar G, Doğan N, Algıer L, et al (2009). Factors affecting postpartum comfort of mothers. Dicle Medical Journal, 36 (3): 90-184.
16. Bağcı S, Altuntuğ K (2016). Problems expe-rienced by mothers in postpartum peri-od and their associations with quality of life. J Hum Sci, 13 (2): 3266-3279.
17. Puritz M, Liu R, Mason RE, et al (2022). As-sociations between postpartum physical symptoms and breastfeeding outcomes among a sample of us women 2-6 months’ postpartum: A cross-sectional study. Breastfeed Med, 17 (4): 297-304.
18. Balkaya NA, Vural G, Eroğlu K (2014). Problems caused by the risk factors de-termined during pregnancy in terms of maternal and infant health. Journal of Duzce University Institute of Health Sciences, 1 (1): 6-16.
19. Brousseau EC, Danilack V, Cai F, et al (2018). Emergency department visits for postpartum complications. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 27(3): 253-257.
20. Mermer G, Bilge A, Yücel U, Çeber E (2010). Investigation of social support perception levels during pregnancy and postpartum period. J Psychiatr Nurs, 1 (2): 71-76.
21. Rossier C, Bradley SEK, Ross J, et al (2015). Reassessing unmet need for family planning in the postpartum period. Stud Fam Plan, 46 (4): 355-367.
22. VanderKruik R, Barreix M, Chou D, et al (2017); Maternal morbidity working group. The global prevalence of post-partum psychosis: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1):272.
23. WHO (2016). New WHO tool helps guide contraception choices following child-birth. https://www.who.int/news/item/15-01-2016-new-who-tool-helps-guide-contraception-choices-following-childbirth
24. Çapık A, Sakar T, Yıldırım N, et al (2016). Determination of satisfaction with birth according to mothers' delivery type. An-atolian Journal of Nursing and Health Scienc-es, 19(2).
25. Çelik AS, Çelik EC (2020). Do delivery method and anesthesia type at delivery affect postnatal comfort levels? Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 6 (1): 97-108
26. Mascarello KC, Horta BL, Sivleira MF (2017). Maternal complications and ce-sarean section without indication: sys-tematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Saude Publica, 51: 105.
27. Amanak K, Karaçam Z (2018). Determining the problems experienced by women who gave birth by cesarean section in the early postpartum period in terms of self-care and baby care. Tepecik Training Hospital Journal, 28 (1): 17-22.
28. Negron R, Martin A, Almong M, et al (2013). Social support during the post-partum period: Mothers views on needs expections and mobilization of support. Matern Child Health J, 17: 616- 623.
29. Turkey Women's Health Survey, General Directorate of Health Research, Minis-try of Health. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/
30. Hailu S, Mekonen S, Shiferaw A (2022). Pre-vention and management of postopera-tive nausea and vomiting after cesarean section: A systematic literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 75: 103433.
31. Yanıkkerem E, Göker A, Piro N (2013). The opinions of women who had cesarean section about birth methods and their care satisfaction. Selcuk Medical Journal, 29 (2): 75-81.
32. Taytan S (2019). The effect of cesarean sec-ton on mothers’ postnatal comforty lev-els. Unpublıshed master's thesis. Aydın: Adnan Menderes Universty; 2019.
33. ACOG (2022). https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-to-expect-at-a-postpartum-checkup-and-why-the-visit-matters
34. WHO (2019). https://www.who.int/news/item/28-03-2019-deaths-from-caesarean-sections-100-times-higher-in-developing-countries-global-study
35. Güneri SE (2015). Evidence based practices in early postpartum period. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 4 (3): 495.
36. Kirlek F, Öztürk CH. Postpartum dönem. In: Sevil Ü editor, Ertem G editor, Peri-natoloji ve bakım. Ankara Nobel Medical Bookstores, 2016; p.409-97.
37. Bekmezci H, Hamlacı Y, ozerdoğan N (2016). Use of postpartum period-specific scales in Turkey. J Educ Res Nurs, 13(2):122-128.
38. Coşkun AM, Aslan E (2012). Postpartum pe-riod. In: Coşkun AM editor, Women's health and diseases for nursing handbook. Koç Universty Publications, 2012; p. 237-292.
39. Kırca N, Özcan S (2018). Problems experi-enced by puerperants in the postpartum period and views of the puerp erants about solution recommendations for these problems: a qualitative research. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11 (1): 360.
40. Yang M, Yue W, Han X (2022). Postpartum care indications and methodological quality: a systematic review of guidelines. Z Gesundh Wiss, 30(9):2261-2275.
41. Aksoy DY, Pasinlioğlu T (2017). The effect of nursing care based on comfort theo-ry on women's postpartum comfort lev-els after caesarean sections. Int J Nurs Knowl, 28 (3):138-144.
42. Altuntuğ K, Ege E (2012). The validity and reliability of the turkish adaptation of the postpartum quality of life scale. Ana-tolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 15 (3): 214–222.
2. Taşkın L. Risky Birth Action. In: Taşkın L editor. Obstetrics and women's health nursing, System Offset Printing Ankara, 2021; p. 379.
3. T.R Population and Health Survey (2018). http://www.sck.gov.tr/wp-con-tent/uploads/2020/08/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf
4. T.R. Mınıstry of Health, Health Statistics (2019). https://sbsgm.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/40564/0/saglik-istatistikleri-yilligi-2019pdf.pdf
5. OECD (2022). Caesarean sections (indica-tor). https://data.oecd.org/healthcare/caesarean-sections.htm
6. Christensen LF, Overgaard C (2017). Are freestanding midwifery units a safe al-ternative to obstetric units for low-risk, primiparous childbirth? An analysis of effect differences by parity in a matched cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 17: 1-10.
7. Karabel MP, Demirbaş M, İnci MB (2017). Changing cesarean section frequency and possible causes in Turkey and in the world. Sakarya Medical Journal, 7(4): 58-163.
8. Demir R (2022). Mother and baby frıend cesarean. Kirsehir Ahi Evran University Journal of Health Sciences, 6(1): 53-60.
9. Vural G, Şentürk EA (2017). Why did medi-calization of birth increase, can we re-duce ıt? Journal of Hacettepe University Facul-ty of Nursing, 4(2): 76-83.
10. TR. Ministry of Health, General Direc-torate of Maternal Child Health and Family Planning. Safe Mothering Partici-pant Book. Ankara: General Directorate of Maternal Child Health and Family Planning Printery; 2009. pp:120-129.
11. Özden S. Postpartum physiology and care. In: Çiçek N (ed), Mungan MT (ed), clinical obstetrics and gynecology. Sun Medical Bookstores, 2007; pp: 185-196.
12. Arslan HO, Bilgin Z. Postnatal period, evi-dence-based pregnancy and birth man-agement. Nobel Medical Bookstores; 2019.
13. Erçel O, Süt H (2020). Sleep and quality of life in postpartum women. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 1: 23-30.
14. Erbaş N (2017). Determination of the health problems among women in postpartum period depending on the way of giving birth: An example from Sivas for the year 2012. Journal of Continu-ing Medical Education, 26 (4): 133-138.
15. Pınar G, Doğan N, Algıer L, et al (2009). Factors affecting postpartum comfort of mothers. Dicle Medical Journal, 36 (3): 90-184.
16. Bağcı S, Altuntuğ K (2016). Problems expe-rienced by mothers in postpartum peri-od and their associations with quality of life. J Hum Sci, 13 (2): 3266-3279.
17. Puritz M, Liu R, Mason RE, et al (2022). As-sociations between postpartum physical symptoms and breastfeeding outcomes among a sample of us women 2-6 months’ postpartum: A cross-sectional study. Breastfeed Med, 17 (4): 297-304.
18. Balkaya NA, Vural G, Eroğlu K (2014). Problems caused by the risk factors de-termined during pregnancy in terms of maternal and infant health. Journal of Duzce University Institute of Health Sciences, 1 (1): 6-16.
19. Brousseau EC, Danilack V, Cai F, et al (2018). Emergency department visits for postpartum complications. J Womens Health (Larchmt), 27(3): 253-257.
20. Mermer G, Bilge A, Yücel U, Çeber E (2010). Investigation of social support perception levels during pregnancy and postpartum period. J Psychiatr Nurs, 1 (2): 71-76.
21. Rossier C, Bradley SEK, Ross J, et al (2015). Reassessing unmet need for family planning in the postpartum period. Stud Fam Plan, 46 (4): 355-367.
22. VanderKruik R, Barreix M, Chou D, et al (2017); Maternal morbidity working group. The global prevalence of post-partum psychosis: a systematic review. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1):272.
23. WHO (2016). New WHO tool helps guide contraception choices following child-birth. https://www.who.int/news/item/15-01-2016-new-who-tool-helps-guide-contraception-choices-following-childbirth
24. Çapık A, Sakar T, Yıldırım N, et al (2016). Determination of satisfaction with birth according to mothers' delivery type. An-atolian Journal of Nursing and Health Scienc-es, 19(2).
25. Çelik AS, Çelik EC (2020). Do delivery method and anesthesia type at delivery affect postnatal comfort levels? Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 6 (1): 97-108
26. Mascarello KC, Horta BL, Sivleira MF (2017). Maternal complications and ce-sarean section without indication: sys-tematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Saude Publica, 51: 105.
27. Amanak K, Karaçam Z (2018). Determining the problems experienced by women who gave birth by cesarean section in the early postpartum period in terms of self-care and baby care. Tepecik Training Hospital Journal, 28 (1): 17-22.
28. Negron R, Martin A, Almong M, et al (2013). Social support during the post-partum period: Mothers views on needs expections and mobilization of support. Matern Child Health J, 17: 616- 623.
29. Turkey Women's Health Survey, General Directorate of Health Research, Minis-try of Health. https://www.saglik.gov.tr/
30. Hailu S, Mekonen S, Shiferaw A (2022). Pre-vention and management of postopera-tive nausea and vomiting after cesarean section: A systematic literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 75: 103433.
31. Yanıkkerem E, Göker A, Piro N (2013). The opinions of women who had cesarean section about birth methods and their care satisfaction. Selcuk Medical Journal, 29 (2): 75-81.
32. Taytan S (2019). The effect of cesarean sec-ton on mothers’ postnatal comforty lev-els. Unpublıshed master's thesis. Aydın: Adnan Menderes Universty; 2019.
33. ACOG (2022). https://www.acog.org/womens-health/experts-and-stories/the-latest/what-to-expect-at-a-postpartum-checkup-and-why-the-visit-matters
34. WHO (2019). https://www.who.int/news/item/28-03-2019-deaths-from-caesarean-sections-100-times-higher-in-developing-countries-global-study
35. Güneri SE (2015). Evidence based practices in early postpartum period. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 4 (3): 495.
36. Kirlek F, Öztürk CH. Postpartum dönem. In: Sevil Ü editor, Ertem G editor, Peri-natoloji ve bakım. Ankara Nobel Medical Bookstores, 2016; p.409-97.
37. Bekmezci H, Hamlacı Y, ozerdoğan N (2016). Use of postpartum period-specific scales in Turkey. J Educ Res Nurs, 13(2):122-128.
38. Coşkun AM, Aslan E (2012). Postpartum pe-riod. In: Coşkun AM editor, Women's health and diseases for nursing handbook. Koç Universty Publications, 2012; p. 237-292.
39. Kırca N, Özcan S (2018). Problems experi-enced by puerperants in the postpartum period and views of the puerp erants about solution recommendations for these problems: a qualitative research. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 11 (1): 360.
40. Yang M, Yue W, Han X (2022). Postpartum care indications and methodological quality: a systematic review of guidelines. Z Gesundh Wiss, 30(9):2261-2275.
41. Aksoy DY, Pasinlioğlu T (2017). The effect of nursing care based on comfort theo-ry on women's postpartum comfort lev-els after caesarean sections. Int J Nurs Knowl, 28 (3):138-144.
42. Altuntuğ K, Ege E (2012). The validity and reliability of the turkish adaptation of the postpartum quality of life scale. Ana-tolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences, 15 (3): 214–222.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 52 No 10 (2023) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i10.13841 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Comfort Comfort theory Post-partum period Post-cesarean period | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Duran S, Vural G. Problems Experienced by the Mothers in Post-Cesarean Period: A Narrative Review. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(10):2036-2041.
