Effects of Middle-Aged Women’s Demographics, Health Behavior, And Health Status on Health-Related Quality of Life by Economic Activity Participation: Panel Evidence from Korea
Abstract
Background: Middle-aged women have lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than men, and women's participation in economic activities is an important issue. In this study, the middle-aged female population was classified by economic activity participation to explore HRQoL and to identify related factors.
Methods: We obtained data from the 2017 Korea Health Panel Survey (N = 1857 women aged 50–64 years), analyzed with chi-squared tests, t-tests, analyses of variance, and multiple regression analyses. HRQoL was measured with the Euro QoL-5 Dimensions index, and four demographic factors, four health behavior factors, and ten health status factors were entered.
Results: HRQoL was lower in the economically inactive group compared to the active group. Education, physical activity, chronic disease, vision problem, dental problem, activity restriction, frustration, and anxiety were associated with HRQoL in both groups. Spouse and household income were additional predictors identified only in the economically inactive group, and the 10 factors explained 36.0% of the variance. In the economically active group, drinking, sleeping time, hearing problem, stress, and depression were additional predictors identified, and the 13 factors explained 23.0% of the variance.
Conclusion: Healthcare providers should consider both common predictors between economically active and inactive middle-aged women as well as predictors that were unique to each group to improve their HRQoL.
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16. Cutler DM, Lleras-Muney A (2010). Under-standing differences in health behaviors by education. J Health Econ, 29 (1): 1-28.
17. Kim K-H, Lee S-G (2020). Effects of health status and health behaviors on health-related quality of life in Korean adults. Ko-rean J Health Serv Manag, 14 (1): 161-76.
18. Pampel FC, Krueger PM, Denney JT (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health be-haviors. Annu Rev Sociol, 36: 349-70.
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24. Saravi FK, Navidian A, Rigi SN, Montazeri A (2012). Comparing health-related quali-ty of life of employed women and housewives: a cross sectional study from southeast Iran. BMC Womens Health, 12 (1): 1-5.
25. Amirabadizadeh Z, Sharifzadeh G, Moodi M (2016). Middle-aged women’s quality of life and health-promoting lifestyle. Mod Care J, 13 (3): e11597.
26. Nagarkar A, Kulkarni S, Gadkari R (2020). Bio-social determinants of health-related quality of life of middle aged (45–59 years) population in India. Post Reprod Health, 26(1):19-25.
27. Chang SR, Yang CF, Chen KH (2019). Rela-tionships between body image, sexual dysfunction, and health-related quality of life among middle-aged women: a cross-sectional study. Maturitas, 126: 45-50.
28. Lee ES, Kim B (2020). The association be-tween alcohol drinking patterns and health-related quality of life in the Korean adult population: effects of misclassifica-tion error on estimation of association. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (21): 7758.
29. Rüger H, Pfaff S, Weishaar H, Wiernik BM (2017). Does perceived stress mediate the relationship between commuting and health-related quality of life? Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav, 50: 100-8.
30. Ray TK, Tat'Yana AK, Pana-Cryan R (2017). Employment arrangement, job stress, and health-related quality of life. Saf Sci, 100(A): 46-56.
31. Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Fan X, et al (2021). Com-parison of inequity in health-related quali-ty of life among unemployed and em-ployed individuals in China. BMC Public Health, 21(1): 52.
2. Lin XJ, Lin IM, Fan SY (2013). Methodo-logical issues in measuring health-related quality of life. Tzu Chi Med J, 25 (1): 8-12.
3. Rabin R, de Charro F (2001). EQ-SD: a measure of health status from the Eu-roQol Group. Ann Med, 33 (5): 337-43.
4. EuroQol Research Foundation. EQ-5D [In-ternet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 12]. Availa-ble from: https://euroqol.org/information-and-support/euroqol-instruments/eq-5d-5l/
5. Santos M, Monteiro AL, Santos B (2021). EQ-5D Brazilian population norms. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 19(1): 162.
6. Stavem K, Augestad LA, Kristiansen IS, Rand K (2018). General population norms for the EQ-5D-3 L in Norway: comparison of postal and web surveys. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 16(1): 204.
7. Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs & National Health Insurance Service. Ko-rea health panel survey [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 12]. Available from: https://www.khp.re.kr/
8. Noh J-W, Kim J, Park J, Kim H-J, Kwon YD (2015). Gender difference in relation-ship between health-related quality of life and work status. PLoS One, 10 (12): e0143579.
9. Sohn S-Y (2009). A study on health status and health related quality of life by job characteristics in Korean adult women. Korean J Occup Health Nurs, 18 (1): 33-43.
10. Lim AN (2019). A descriptive study on the economic activities of middle-aged adult wage workers. Int J Adv Smart Convergence, 8 (3): 1-6.
11. Šobot A (2014). Economic activity of mid-dle-aged women in Serbia as relevant gender equality issue. Matice Srp Soc Sci Q, 148 (3): 499-510.
12. Bang S-Y, Do Y-S (2020). Health-related quality of life of physical and mental health in middle-aged women. J Korea Acad-Ind coop Soci, 21 (6): 161-9.
13. Park M-J, Choi SE (2017). The effects of health behavior and health status on health-related quality of life in older peo-ple: gender analysis by using the 2012 Korea health panel data. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs, 28 (2): 118-28.
14. The RAND Corporation. 36-Item short form survey (SF-36) [Internet]. 2022 [cit-ed 2022 Aug 15]. Available from: https://www.rand.org/health-care/surveys_tools/mos/36-item-short-form.html
15. Aghamolaei T, Tavafian SS, Zare S (2011). Determinants of health related quality of life on people living in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Iranian J Publ Health, 40 (3): 128-35.
16. Cutler DM, Lleras-Muney A (2010). Under-standing differences in health behaviors by education. J Health Econ, 29 (1): 1-28.
17. Kim K-H, Lee S-G (2020). Effects of health status and health behaviors on health-related quality of life in Korean adults. Ko-rean J Health Serv Manag, 14 (1): 161-76.
18. Pampel FC, Krueger PM, Denney JT (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health be-haviors. Annu Rev Sociol, 36: 349-70.
19. Centers for Disease Control and Preven-tion. Indicator definitions - older adults [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Aug 13]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/cdi/definitions/older-adults.html#OLD3_2
20. Choi K (2018). Employment effect of min-imum wage increase. KDI FOCUS, 90.
21. Lee YK, Nam HS, Chuang LH, et al (2009). South Korean time trade-off values for EQ-5D health states: modeling with ob-served values for 101 health states. Value Health, 12 (8): 1187-93.
22. Panel CC, Watson NF, Badr MS, et al (2015). Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Socie-ty. J Clin Sleep Med, 11 (6): 591-2.
23. The IPAQ group. International physical ac-tivity questionnaire [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Aug 13]. Available from: www.ipaq.ki.se
24. Saravi FK, Navidian A, Rigi SN, Montazeri A (2012). Comparing health-related quali-ty of life of employed women and housewives: a cross sectional study from southeast Iran. BMC Womens Health, 12 (1): 1-5.
25. Amirabadizadeh Z, Sharifzadeh G, Moodi M (2016). Middle-aged women’s quality of life and health-promoting lifestyle. Mod Care J, 13 (3): e11597.
26. Nagarkar A, Kulkarni S, Gadkari R (2020). Bio-social determinants of health-related quality of life of middle aged (45–59 years) population in India. Post Reprod Health, 26(1):19-25.
27. Chang SR, Yang CF, Chen KH (2019). Rela-tionships between body image, sexual dysfunction, and health-related quality of life among middle-aged women: a cross-sectional study. Maturitas, 126: 45-50.
28. Lee ES, Kim B (2020). The association be-tween alcohol drinking patterns and health-related quality of life in the Korean adult population: effects of misclassifica-tion error on estimation of association. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (21): 7758.
29. Rüger H, Pfaff S, Weishaar H, Wiernik BM (2017). Does perceived stress mediate the relationship between commuting and health-related quality of life? Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav, 50: 100-8.
30. Ray TK, Tat'Yana AK, Pana-Cryan R (2017). Employment arrangement, job stress, and health-related quality of life. Saf Sci, 100(A): 46-56.
31. Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Fan X, et al (2021). Com-parison of inequity in health-related quali-ty of life among unemployed and em-ployed individuals in China. BMC Public Health, 21(1): 52.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i4.15557 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Middle-aged Women Health Quality of life | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Park M-J, Wee H. Effects of Middle-Aged Women’s Demographics, Health Behavior, And Health Status on Health-Related Quality of Life by Economic Activity Participation: Panel Evidence from Korea. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(4):809-817.
