Hospital Managers' Decision-Making Puzzle
Abstract
Background: Decision-making is choosing one option from among different options. Most decision-making models were developed in the general industry. Specific decision-making models are needed due to the special nature of the hospital and its services. We aimed to propose and validate a decision-making model for hospital managers.
Methods: This research used the modified Delphi technique to develop and validate a decision-making model for hospital managers. A data collection form was used to collect data. The search of English databases covered the period from 1990 to 2020. The first draft of the model was introduced through a scoping review and semi-structured interviews. Two rounds of Delphi were conducted with 33 experts to verify the proposed model.
Results: Many factors affect the quality and outcome of a hospital manager's decision. The decision- making model developed in this study has 10 constructs grouped into three components (i.e., inputs, processes, and outputs). These constructs include decision maker, decision implementer, organization, client, subject, analysis, identification, evaluation & selection, implementation and control. This model provides a guide for each decision stage and determines the conditions necessary for a good decision.
Conclusion: Using the decision-making puzzle and considering the set of inputs, processes, and outcomes of the decision making together alongside with specifying the details of each decision-making stage make it easy for hospital managers to decide. Such a scientific, objective and systematic approach in decision-making will result in desired results for staff, patients, managers and the hospital. This puzzle is also a good tool for pathology of hospital managers' decisions.
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20. Dougherty MB, Larson EL (2010). The Nurse-Nurse Collaboration Scale. J Nurs Adm, 40 (1):17-25.
21. Farokh A, Parsi F, Haji S (2020). Needs As-sessment of Economic and Social of Employees and Factors Affecting It. Soc Dev, 14 (3):117-150.
22. Shojaeimotlagh V, Valizadeh S, Hasankhani H, Bozorgomid A (2018). Psychological Needs, Satisfaction and Intention to Mi-grate in Iranian Nurses: A Qualitative Content Analysis. Iran J Public Health, 47 (8):1201-1208.
23. Kehinde GS (2016). The Effects of Power and Politics in Modern Organizations and its Impact on Workers’ Productivity. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(11):2222-6990.
24. Li J, Du G, Clouser J, et al (2021). Improv-ing evidence-based grouping of transi-tional care strategies in hospital imple-mentation using statistical tools and ex-pert review. BMC Health Serv Res, 21(1):35.
25. Rousseau DM (2018). Making Evidence-Based Organizational Decisions in an Uncertain World. Organ Dyn, 47 (3):135-146.
26. Ben-Roy D, Pi-Wen Y, Madsen J (2016). Exploring the Relationship among Hu-man Resource Flexibility, Organizational Innovation and Adaptability Culture. Chin Manag Stud, 10(4): 233-254.
27. Ghadimi M, Moshiri H, Imani A (2018). Study of the Status of Manpower, Physi-cal Space, Equipment and Activities of the Emergency Department at the Civil-ian Hospitals of the Social Security Or-ganization. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 24 (12):165-187.
28. John J, Gaba V (2020). Organizational Struc-ture, Information Processing, and Deci-sion-Making: A Retrospective and Road Map for Research. Acad Manag Ann, 14 (1):267-302.
29. Ebrahimi Z, Farshad A, Yarahmadi R (2016). Problems of Hospital from the Perspective of Human-System Interface Technology and Recommended Practices for Improvement: A Qualitative Study. Iran Occup Health, 14 (2):78-89.
30. Guo KL (2020). DECIDE: A Decision-Making Model for More Effective Deci-sion Making by Health Care Managers. Health Care Manag (Frederick), 39 (3):133-141.
31. Mukherjee N, Dicks LV, Shackelford GE, et al (2016). Comparing groups versus indi-viduals in decision making: a systematic review protocol. Environ Evid, 5:19.
32. Yousefinezhadi T, Mosadeghrad AM, Arab M, et al (2017). An Analysis of Hospital Accreditation Policy in Iran. Iran J Public Health, 46 (10):1347-1358.
33. Aithal PS, Suresh Kumar PM (2017). Lateral Thinking in Managerial Decision Making Through Six Thinking Hats Technique. International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education, 2 (1):53-58.
34. Suija M, Liene B, Gaile S (2020). Multitasking in Knowledge Intensive Business Ser-vices. Emerg Sci J, 4 (4):305-318.
35. Asokk D, Gudda A, Bhati P (2021). The Impact of Employee Involvement in De-cision Making On an Organizational Per-formance. Eur J Mol Clin Med, 8 (1):1200-1212.
36. Baba V, Hakemzadeh F (2012). Toward a theory of evidence-based decision mak-ing. Management Decision, 50 (5): 832 – 867.
37. Guo R, Berkshire S, Fulton L (2017). Use of evidence-based management in healthcare administration decision-making. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl), 30 (3):330-342.
38. Moberg J, Oxman AD, Rosenbaum S, et al (2018). The GRADE Evidence to Deci-sion (EtD) framework for health system and public health decisions. Health Res Policy Sys, 16(1):45.
39. Lenzen SA, Danie¨ls R, Bokhoven MA, et al (2017). Disentangling self-management goal setting and action planning: A scop-ing review. PLoS One, 12 (11): e0188822.
40. Khawaja J, Nadeem AB (2013). Training and Development Program and its Benefits to Employee and Organization: A Con-ceptual Study. European Journal of Business and Management, 5 (2):243-252.
41. Sullivan J, Adjognon O, Engle R, et al (2018). Identifying and overcoming im-plementation challenges: Experience of 59 non-institutional long-term services and support pilot programs in the Veter-ans Health Administration. Health Care Manage Rev, 43 (3):193-205.
42. Sihag V, Rijsdijk SA (2019). Organizational controls and performance outcomes:A meta‐analytic assessment and extension. J Manag Stud, 56 (1): 91-133.
43. Liu L, Fang J (2019). Study On Potential Factors of Patient Satisfaction: Based On Exploratory Factor Analysis. Patient Prefer Adherence, 13:1983-1994.
44. Irabor IE, Okolie UC (2019). A Review of Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Its Ef-fect on Their Retention. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 19 (2): 93-114.
45. Fink NE (2020). Conflicts of Interest and an Approach to Managing Them. EJIFCC, 31 (4):292-301.
46. Negulescu O, Doval E (2014). The Quality of Decision Making Process Related to Organizations’ Effectiveness. Procedia Econ Financ, 15 (2014):858 – 863.
47. Evanthi A, Azhar R (2021). The Effects of Organizational Design and Decision Making Process on Organizational Per-formance. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 4 (11):2251-2258.
2. Schoemaker P, Russo JE (2016). Decision-Making. In: The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Stra-tegic Management. Palgrave Macmillan Inc. London, pp. 397-401.
3. Shahsavarani AM (2015). The Bases, Princi-ples, and Methods of Decision-Making. Int J Med Rev, 2 (1):214-225.
4. Keeney RL (2020). Give Yourself a Nudge: Helping Smart People Make Smarter Personal and Business Decisions. Cambridge University Press Inc, UK, pp: 120-135.
5. Panpatte S, Takale V (2019). To Study the Decision Making Process in an Organiza-tion for its Effectiveness. Int J Bus Manag Technol, 3 (1):73-78.
6. Oriana H (2014). Using a Decision-Making Process Model in Strategic Management. Review of General Management, 19 (1):111-121.
7. Alhawamdeh HM, Alsmairat M (2019). Stra-tegic Decision Making and Organization Performance: A Literature Review. Interna-tional Review of Management and Marketing, 9 (4):95–99.
8. Nuwagaba J, Olum R, Bananyiza A, et al (2021). Patients’ Involvement in Deci-sion-Making during Healthcare in a De-veloping Country: A Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence, 15:1133-1140.
9. Belrhiti Z, Nebot A, Marchal B (2018). Complex Leadership in Healthcare: A Scoping review. Int J Health Policy Manag, 7 (12):1073-1084.
10. Rezaian S, Kharrazi S, Jamali E (2019). A Conceptual Model of Cognitive Decision Making. Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 21 (1):1-20.
11. Mosadeghrad AM, Ghazanfari F (2021). Developing a hospital accreditation mod-el: A Delphi study. BMC Health Serv Res, 21:879.
12. Zaki HN, Abd-Elrhaman ESA, Ghoneimy AGH (2018). The Effect of Emotional Intelligence Program on Decision Making Style. Am J Nurs Res, 6 (6): 524-532.
13. Kolker A (2014). Management Science for Healthcare Applications. In: Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization. Eds, Wang. 5th ed, Business Science Reference Inc. US, pp. 1446-1457.
14. Goldsby E, Goldsby M, Christopher B, et al (2020). Under Pressure: Time Manage-ment, Self-Leadership, and the Nurse Manager. Adm Sci, 10 (3):38.
15. Fang C, Chang S, Chen G (2010). Compe-tency Development among Taiwanese Healthcare Middle Manager: A Test of the AHP Approach. Afr J Bus Manage, 4 (13):2845-55.
16. Pillay R (2008). The Skills Gap in Hospital Management in the South African Public Health Sector. J Public Health Manag Pract, 14 (5): E8-14.
17. Jens N, Carina L (2020). The Effect of Per-sonal Values and the Roles on Represen-tational Principles in Natural Resource Management Decision-Making. Heliyon, 6 (5):e04032.
18. Posner B (2010). Another Look at the Im-pact of Personal and Organizational Val-ues Congruency. J Bus Ethics, 97 (4):535-541.
19. Shahrbabaki P, Rafati F, Sarabi R (2020). Competence as an inevitable necessity for health care workers: a qualitative study. Pak J Med Health Sci, 14 (3):1112-1117.
20. Dougherty MB, Larson EL (2010). The Nurse-Nurse Collaboration Scale. J Nurs Adm, 40 (1):17-25.
21. Farokh A, Parsi F, Haji S (2020). Needs As-sessment of Economic and Social of Employees and Factors Affecting It. Soc Dev, 14 (3):117-150.
22. Shojaeimotlagh V, Valizadeh S, Hasankhani H, Bozorgomid A (2018). Psychological Needs, Satisfaction and Intention to Mi-grate in Iranian Nurses: A Qualitative Content Analysis. Iran J Public Health, 47 (8):1201-1208.
23. Kehinde GS (2016). The Effects of Power and Politics in Modern Organizations and its Impact on Workers’ Productivity. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(11):2222-6990.
24. Li J, Du G, Clouser J, et al (2021). Improv-ing evidence-based grouping of transi-tional care strategies in hospital imple-mentation using statistical tools and ex-pert review. BMC Health Serv Res, 21(1):35.
25. Rousseau DM (2018). Making Evidence-Based Organizational Decisions in an Uncertain World. Organ Dyn, 47 (3):135-146.
26. Ben-Roy D, Pi-Wen Y, Madsen J (2016). Exploring the Relationship among Hu-man Resource Flexibility, Organizational Innovation and Adaptability Culture. Chin Manag Stud, 10(4): 233-254.
27. Ghadimi M, Moshiri H, Imani A (2018). Study of the Status of Manpower, Physi-cal Space, Equipment and Activities of the Emergency Department at the Civil-ian Hospitals of the Social Security Or-ganization. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 24 (12):165-187.
28. John J, Gaba V (2020). Organizational Struc-ture, Information Processing, and Deci-sion-Making: A Retrospective and Road Map for Research. Acad Manag Ann, 14 (1):267-302.
29. Ebrahimi Z, Farshad A, Yarahmadi R (2016). Problems of Hospital from the Perspective of Human-System Interface Technology and Recommended Practices for Improvement: A Qualitative Study. Iran Occup Health, 14 (2):78-89.
30. Guo KL (2020). DECIDE: A Decision-Making Model for More Effective Deci-sion Making by Health Care Managers. Health Care Manag (Frederick), 39 (3):133-141.
31. Mukherjee N, Dicks LV, Shackelford GE, et al (2016). Comparing groups versus indi-viduals in decision making: a systematic review protocol. Environ Evid, 5:19.
32. Yousefinezhadi T, Mosadeghrad AM, Arab M, et al (2017). An Analysis of Hospital Accreditation Policy in Iran. Iran J Public Health, 46 (10):1347-1358.
33. Aithal PS, Suresh Kumar PM (2017). Lateral Thinking in Managerial Decision Making Through Six Thinking Hats Technique. International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Education, 2 (1):53-58.
34. Suija M, Liene B, Gaile S (2020). Multitasking in Knowledge Intensive Business Ser-vices. Emerg Sci J, 4 (4):305-318.
35. Asokk D, Gudda A, Bhati P (2021). The Impact of Employee Involvement in De-cision Making On an Organizational Per-formance. Eur J Mol Clin Med, 8 (1):1200-1212.
36. Baba V, Hakemzadeh F (2012). Toward a theory of evidence-based decision mak-ing. Management Decision, 50 (5): 832 – 867.
37. Guo R, Berkshire S, Fulton L (2017). Use of evidence-based management in healthcare administration decision-making. Leadersh Health Serv (Bradf Engl), 30 (3):330-342.
38. Moberg J, Oxman AD, Rosenbaum S, et al (2018). The GRADE Evidence to Deci-sion (EtD) framework for health system and public health decisions. Health Res Policy Sys, 16(1):45.
39. Lenzen SA, Danie¨ls R, Bokhoven MA, et al (2017). Disentangling self-management goal setting and action planning: A scop-ing review. PLoS One, 12 (11): e0188822.
40. Khawaja J, Nadeem AB (2013). Training and Development Program and its Benefits to Employee and Organization: A Con-ceptual Study. European Journal of Business and Management, 5 (2):243-252.
41. Sullivan J, Adjognon O, Engle R, et al (2018). Identifying and overcoming im-plementation challenges: Experience of 59 non-institutional long-term services and support pilot programs in the Veter-ans Health Administration. Health Care Manage Rev, 43 (3):193-205.
42. Sihag V, Rijsdijk SA (2019). Organizational controls and performance outcomes:A meta‐analytic assessment and extension. J Manag Stud, 56 (1): 91-133.
43. Liu L, Fang J (2019). Study On Potential Factors of Patient Satisfaction: Based On Exploratory Factor Analysis. Patient Prefer Adherence, 13:1983-1994.
44. Irabor IE, Okolie UC (2019). A Review of Employees’ Job Satisfaction and Its Ef-fect on Their Retention. Annals of Spiru Haret University. Economic Series, 19 (2): 93-114.
45. Fink NE (2020). Conflicts of Interest and an Approach to Managing Them. EJIFCC, 31 (4):292-301.
46. Negulescu O, Doval E (2014). The Quality of Decision Making Process Related to Organizations’ Effectiveness. Procedia Econ Financ, 15 (2014):858 – 863.
47. Evanthi A, Azhar R (2021). The Effects of Organizational Design and Decision Making Process on Organizational Per-formance. Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies, 4 (11):2251-2258.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 53 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i4.15572 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Decision-making Managers Hospital Model | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Hayati Y, Mosadeghrad AM, Arab M. Hospital Managers’ Decision-Making Puzzle. Iran J Public Health. 2024;53(4):947-956.
