The Relationship between Smartphone Use Motives, Social Capital, Digital Literacy, and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Koreans
Abstract
Background: As the elderly population increases, interest in life satisfaction in old age is increasing. We aimed to verify the relationship between social capital, smartphone use motives, and digital literacy and life satisfaction in Koreans aged 50-69 yr.
Methods: The data of 7,521 late-middle-aged and older adults from the 2019 survey on smartphone overdependence conducted by the National Information Society Agency were analyzed by hierarchical multi-regression analysis.
Results: A hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that income(β=0.062) and educational background(β=0.054) were positively related to life satisfaction. Among the smartphone use motives, lifestyle motive(β=-0.069) was negatively related to life satisfaction. Digital literacy(β=0.145) and Social capital(β=0.425) were positively related to life satisfaction.
Conclusion: Digital literacy and social capital were positively associated with life satisfaction. In addition, this study considered the effects of lifestyle-based apps, while past studies only focused on communication- and leisure-based smartphone activities as factors influencing life satisfaction in adults in their 50s-60s. This study can provide a theoretical framework for therapeutic interventions to improve life satisfaction in the elderly.
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5. Meléndez, JC, Tomás JM, Oliver A et al (2009). Psychological and physical di-mensions explaining life satisfaction among the elderly: A structural model examination. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 48(3): 291-295.
6. Abu-Bader SH, Rogers A, Barusch AS (2003). Prerdictors of Life Satisfaction in Frail Elderly. J Gerontol Soc Work, 38(3): 3-17.
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11. Dumitrache CG, Windle G, Herrera RR (2014). Do Social Resources Explain the Relationship Between Optimism and Life Satisfaction in Community-Dwelling Older People? Testing a Mul-tiple Mediation Model. J Happiness Stud, 16:633–54.
12. Print M, Coleman D (2003). Towards Un-derstanding of Social Capital and Citi-zenship Education. Cambridge J Educ, 33(1):123-49.
13. Tomini F, Tomini SM, Groot W (2016). Understanding the value of social net-works in life satisfaction of elderly peo-ple: a comparative study of 16 European countries using Share data. BMC Geriatr, 16:203.
14. Calvo R, Zheng Y, Kumar S, et al (2012). Well-Being and Social Capital on Planet Earth: Cross-National Evidence from 142 Countries. PLoS One, 7(8): e42793.
15. Iovu M, Runcan R, Runcan P, et al (2020). Association between Facebook Use, Depression and Family Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study of Romanian Youth. Iran J Public Health, 49(11):2111-2119.
16. Yoon SK, Kleinman M, Mertz J, et al (2019). Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Face-book–depression relations. J Affect Dis, 248: 65-72.
17. Stevic A, Schmuck D, Matthes J, et al (2019). Age Matters’: A panel study investigating the influence of communicative and passive smartphone use on well-being. Behaviour & Information Technology, 40(2):176–90.
18. Wang H, Chua V, Stefanone M (2015). So-cial Ties, Communication Channels, and Personal Well-Being: A Study of the Networked Lives of College Students in Singapore. Am Behav Sci, 59(9):189–202.
19. Park YS, Ueda M (2011). A Comparative Study on the Diffusion of Smartphones in Korea and Japan. SAINT, 545-549.
20. Lifshitz R, Nimrod G, Bachner YG (2018). Internet use and well-being in later life: a functional approach. Aging Ment Health, 22(1):85–91.
21. Min KS (2016). A Study on Leisure Pattern and Life Satisfaction. J Leis Res, 14(3):57-84.
22. National Information Society Agency (2019). The survey on smart phone overdependence.
23. Kim YJ (2020). Analysis of Problemic Smartphone Use and Life Satisfaction by Smartphone Usage Type. J Korea Game Soc, 20(1):23-32.
24. Mohamed A, Gharib H, Samar M (2021). Predicting subjective well-being among mHealth users: a readiness – value mod-el. Int J Inf Manage, 56:102247.
25. Park SJ, Kim SJ, Ko JH, et al (2020). The Effect of Types of Digital Usage on Life Satisfaction by Generation. Korean Manag Rev, 34(3):49-81.
26. Bawden, D (2008). Origins and concepts of digital literacy. Dig lit: Con, policy & prac, 30:17-32.
27. Gilster P, Glister P (1997). Digital literacy. Publisher: Wiley Computer Pub., New York, ©1997.
28. Lim JH, Kim EJ, Kim MH (2020). The Ef-fects of Digital Literacy on the Quality of Life in Elderly. J Lifelong Learn Soc, 16(2):111-35.
29. National Information Society Agency (2019). The survey on the Internet use.[In Korean].
30. National Information Society Agency (2018). The survey on smart phone overdependence. [In Korean].
31. National Information Society Agency (2019). The Report on the Digital Divide. [In Korean].
32. Shapira N, Barak A, Gal I (2007). Promot-ing older adults' well-being through In-ternet training and use. Aging Ment Health, 11(5):477-84.
33. Hwang HJ, Hwang YS (2017). Gaps and Reasons of Digital Divide within the Elderly in Korea: Focusing on House-hold Composition. J Soc Sci, 24(3):359-86.
34. Jeon DS (2015). Effects of the Elderly Computer/Internet Competence on Life Satisfaction. Korean J Local Gov Admin Stud, 29(3):389-408.
35. Sabina L, Svetlana C (2016). Life satisfac-tion in the internet age – Changes in the past decade. Comput Hum Behav, 54:197-206.
36. Sabina L, Svetlana C (2016). The less you know, the better you'll sleep – Perceived job insecurity in the Internet age. Comput Hum Behav, 62:754-61.
37. Heo, JM, Chun SH, Lee SW et al (2015). In-ternet use and well-being in older adults. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 18(5):268-72.
38. Oh JA, Yoo JW (2018). A Study on the Ef-fects of Digital Literacy on the Psycho-logical Wellbeing and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly. Korean Manag Rev, 32(2):319-44.
39. Lelkes O(2013). Happier and less isolated: internet use in old age. J Poverty Soc Jus-tice, 21(1):33-46.
40. Bae SM, Koh YS(2017). A exploratory study for Influential factors of smartphone over-dependence in elder and older group. J Converg Inf Technol, 15(7): 111-121.
41. Bae HS, Yoo TS(2000). The Relationships between the Clothes Self-image and Clothes Design Preferences of elderly women. JKSC, 50(20) : 151-165.
42. Kwon OJ(2005). Older People’s Innova-tiveness toward Technologies and De-mand of Home Automation System. J Korean Hous Assoc, 16(6) :139-147.
43. Jang HJ(2020). Effect of smartphone over-all usage, usage by use type and psycho-social characteristics of smartphone in-terdependence in the elderly [Master’s Thesis]. Ulsan: University of Ulsan.
44. Jeong JH, Bae SM(2022). The Relationship between Types of smartphone Use, Dig-ital Literacy, and smartphone Addiction in the Elderly. Psychiatry Investig, 19(10): 832-839.
45. Powdthavee N, Lekfuangfu WN, Wooden M (2015). What’s the good of education on our overall quality of life? A simulta-neous equation model of education and life satisfaction for Australia. J Behav Exp Econ, 54:10-21.
46. Yeo JH, Lee YG (2019). Understanding the Association Between Perceived Finan-cial Well-Being and Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults: Does Social Capi-tal Play a Role? J Fam Eco Issues, 40:592-608.
47. Gallo LC, Matthews KA (2003). Under-standing the Association Between Soci-oeconomic Status and Physical Health: Do Negative Emotions Play a Role? Psy-chol Bull, 129(1):10–51.
48. Woo MS, Kim SH (2017). Does social capi-tal always raise life satisfaction? A com-parison of South Korea and Taiwan. Int J Soc Welf, 27(2):121–31.
49. Lee YS, Lee SH (2019). Smartphone as an Important Part of Life: A Questionnaire Survey with College Students/Workers and an Ethnographic Fieldwork Focus-ing on Female College Students. Cross-Cult Res, 25(1):211-67.
50. No UK (2019). Classification and predic-tion of smartphone use in early adoles-cents and test of the difference between positive and negative results. J Educ Res, 32(3):261-87.
2. Nam SH, Kim GN, Cheon SY (2018). Fac-tor Analysis Affecting Satisfaction of Elderly Life in an Aging Society. Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society, 20(1):177-88.
3. Jung M, Muntaner C, Choi M (2010). Factors Related to Perceived Life Satisfaction Among the Elderly in South Korea. J Prev Med Public Health, 43(4): 292-300.
4. Coke MM (1992). Correlates of Life Satis-faction among Elderly African Ameri-cans. J Gerontol, 47(5): P316-320.
5. Meléndez, JC, Tomás JM, Oliver A et al (2009). Psychological and physical di-mensions explaining life satisfaction among the elderly: A structural model examination. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 48(3): 291-295.
6. Abu-Bader SH, Rogers A, Barusch AS (2003). Prerdictors of Life Satisfaction in Frail Elderly. J Gerontol Soc Work, 38(3): 3-17.
7. Putnam RD. (2000). Bowling alone. The collapse and revival of American com-munity. S & S.
8. Putnam RD, Leonardi R, Nanetti R (1994). Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy. PUP.
9. Helliwell JF, Putnam RD (2004). The Social Context of Well-Being. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 359(1449):1435-46.
10. Amati V, Meggiolaro S, Rivellini G, et al (2018). Social relations and life satisfac-tion: the role of friends. Genus, 74(1):7.
11. Dumitrache CG, Windle G, Herrera RR (2014). Do Social Resources Explain the Relationship Between Optimism and Life Satisfaction in Community-Dwelling Older People? Testing a Mul-tiple Mediation Model. J Happiness Stud, 16:633–54.
12. Print M, Coleman D (2003). Towards Un-derstanding of Social Capital and Citi-zenship Education. Cambridge J Educ, 33(1):123-49.
13. Tomini F, Tomini SM, Groot W (2016). Understanding the value of social net-works in life satisfaction of elderly peo-ple: a comparative study of 16 European countries using Share data. BMC Geriatr, 16:203.
14. Calvo R, Zheng Y, Kumar S, et al (2012). Well-Being and Social Capital on Planet Earth: Cross-National Evidence from 142 Countries. PLoS One, 7(8): e42793.
15. Iovu M, Runcan R, Runcan P, et al (2020). Association between Facebook Use, Depression and Family Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study of Romanian Youth. Iran J Public Health, 49(11):2111-2119.
16. Yoon SK, Kleinman M, Mertz J, et al (2019). Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Face-book–depression relations. J Affect Dis, 248: 65-72.
17. Stevic A, Schmuck D, Matthes J, et al (2019). Age Matters’: A panel study investigating the influence of communicative and passive smartphone use on well-being. Behaviour & Information Technology, 40(2):176–90.
18. Wang H, Chua V, Stefanone M (2015). So-cial Ties, Communication Channels, and Personal Well-Being: A Study of the Networked Lives of College Students in Singapore. Am Behav Sci, 59(9):189–202.
19. Park YS, Ueda M (2011). A Comparative Study on the Diffusion of Smartphones in Korea and Japan. SAINT, 545-549.
20. Lifshitz R, Nimrod G, Bachner YG (2018). Internet use and well-being in later life: a functional approach. Aging Ment Health, 22(1):85–91.
21. Min KS (2016). A Study on Leisure Pattern and Life Satisfaction. J Leis Res, 14(3):57-84.
22. National Information Society Agency (2019). The survey on smart phone overdependence.
23. Kim YJ (2020). Analysis of Problemic Smartphone Use and Life Satisfaction by Smartphone Usage Type. J Korea Game Soc, 20(1):23-32.
24. Mohamed A, Gharib H, Samar M (2021). Predicting subjective well-being among mHealth users: a readiness – value mod-el. Int J Inf Manage, 56:102247.
25. Park SJ, Kim SJ, Ko JH, et al (2020). The Effect of Types of Digital Usage on Life Satisfaction by Generation. Korean Manag Rev, 34(3):49-81.
26. Bawden, D (2008). Origins and concepts of digital literacy. Dig lit: Con, policy & prac, 30:17-32.
27. Gilster P, Glister P (1997). Digital literacy. Publisher: Wiley Computer Pub., New York, ©1997.
28. Lim JH, Kim EJ, Kim MH (2020). The Ef-fects of Digital Literacy on the Quality of Life in Elderly. J Lifelong Learn Soc, 16(2):111-35.
29. National Information Society Agency (2019). The survey on the Internet use.[In Korean].
30. National Information Society Agency (2018). The survey on smart phone overdependence. [In Korean].
31. National Information Society Agency (2019). The Report on the Digital Divide. [In Korean].
32. Shapira N, Barak A, Gal I (2007). Promot-ing older adults' well-being through In-ternet training and use. Aging Ment Health, 11(5):477-84.
33. Hwang HJ, Hwang YS (2017). Gaps and Reasons of Digital Divide within the Elderly in Korea: Focusing on House-hold Composition. J Soc Sci, 24(3):359-86.
34. Jeon DS (2015). Effects of the Elderly Computer/Internet Competence on Life Satisfaction. Korean J Local Gov Admin Stud, 29(3):389-408.
35. Sabina L, Svetlana C (2016). Life satisfac-tion in the internet age – Changes in the past decade. Comput Hum Behav, 54:197-206.
36. Sabina L, Svetlana C (2016). The less you know, the better you'll sleep – Perceived job insecurity in the Internet age. Comput Hum Behav, 62:754-61.
37. Heo, JM, Chun SH, Lee SW et al (2015). In-ternet use and well-being in older adults. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 18(5):268-72.
38. Oh JA, Yoo JW (2018). A Study on the Ef-fects of Digital Literacy on the Psycho-logical Wellbeing and Life Satisfaction of the Elderly. Korean Manag Rev, 32(2):319-44.
39. Lelkes O(2013). Happier and less isolated: internet use in old age. J Poverty Soc Jus-tice, 21(1):33-46.
40. Bae SM, Koh YS(2017). A exploratory study for Influential factors of smartphone over-dependence in elder and older group. J Converg Inf Technol, 15(7): 111-121.
41. Bae HS, Yoo TS(2000). The Relationships between the Clothes Self-image and Clothes Design Preferences of elderly women. JKSC, 50(20) : 151-165.
42. Kwon OJ(2005). Older People’s Innova-tiveness toward Technologies and De-mand of Home Automation System. J Korean Hous Assoc, 16(6) :139-147.
43. Jang HJ(2020). Effect of smartphone over-all usage, usage by use type and psycho-social characteristics of smartphone in-terdependence in the elderly [Master’s Thesis]. Ulsan: University of Ulsan.
44. Jeong JH, Bae SM(2022). The Relationship between Types of smartphone Use, Dig-ital Literacy, and smartphone Addiction in the Elderly. Psychiatry Investig, 19(10): 832-839.
45. Powdthavee N, Lekfuangfu WN, Wooden M (2015). What’s the good of education on our overall quality of life? A simulta-neous equation model of education and life satisfaction for Australia. J Behav Exp Econ, 54:10-21.
46. Yeo JH, Lee YG (2019). Understanding the Association Between Perceived Finan-cial Well-Being and Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults: Does Social Capi-tal Play a Role? J Fam Eco Issues, 40:592-608.
47. Gallo LC, Matthews KA (2003). Under-standing the Association Between Soci-oeconomic Status and Physical Health: Do Negative Emotions Play a Role? Psy-chol Bull, 129(1):10–51.
48. Woo MS, Kim SH (2017). Does social capi-tal always raise life satisfaction? A com-parison of South Korea and Taiwan. Int J Soc Welf, 27(2):121–31.
49. Lee YS, Lee SH (2019). Smartphone as an Important Part of Life: A Questionnaire Survey with College Students/Workers and an Ethnographic Fieldwork Focus-ing on Female College Students. Cross-Cult Res, 25(1):211-67.
50. No UK (2019). Classification and predic-tion of smartphone use in early adoles-cents and test of the difference between positive and negative results. J Educ Res, 32(3):261-87.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 52 No 12 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i12.14316 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Smartphone usage types Digital literacy Life satisfaction Elderly South Korea | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Lee J-H, Bae SM. The Relationship between Smartphone Use Motives, Social Capital, Digital Literacy, and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Koreans. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(12):2554-2562.
