Compliance of Iron Supplementation and Determinants among Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review
,
Abstract
Background: Iron deficiency anemia in children or women in pregnancy, is a public health problem in some countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has called on all countries to achieve a 5% reduction in anemia in women of childbearing age, including adolescent girls, by 2025. One of the programs is iron supplementation. The success depends on the adherence of adolescent girls to consume iron tablets. This systematic review aimed to find the level of compliance to iron supplementation consumption among adolescent girls and explore barriers and facilitator factors to such adherence.
Methods: This article was a systematic review and conducted a multi-database search. The articles passed the PRISMA flow diagram process. The inclusion and exclusion rules decided the qualification of studies included. Of 1066 articles, we obtained 20 studies for the systematic review.
Result: The lowest compliance found were 26.2% and 26.3%, and was high (>80%) in intervention studies involving supervision and monitoring and peer educator. All articles' barrier and facilitator factors were classified into four categories; personal, social, environmental, and regimen.
Conclusion: Efforts to improve adolescent compliance to take iron tablets should consider all of these factors.
1. WHO (2014). Anaemia Policy Brief [Internet]. Switzerland. Available from: http://www.who.int//iris/bitstream/10665/148556/1/WHO_NMH_NHD_14.4_eng.pdf
2. WHO (2018). Weekly iron and folic acid supplementation as an anaemia-prevention strategy in women and adolescent girls Lessons learnt from implementation of programmes among non-pregnant women of reproductive age. World Heal Organ [Internet]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274581
3. Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R (2014). Review on iron and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci, 19(2):164–74.
4. WHO (2017). Global School Health Initiatives: Achieving Health and Education Outcomes Report of Meeting Bangkok, Thailand, 23-25 November 2015 [Internet]. Switzerland. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-school-health-initiatives-achieving-health-and-education-outcomes
5. Low MSY, Speedy J, Styles CE, De-Regil LM, Pasricha S-R (2016). Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women. Cochrane database Syst Rev, Apr;4:CD009747.
6. Fernández-Gaxiola AC, De-Regil LM (2019). Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women. Cochrane database Syst Rev, Jan;1(1):CD009218.
7. Joshi M, Gumashta R (2013). Weekly iron folate supplementation in adolescent girls--an effective nutritional measure for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Glob J Health Sci, Mar;5(3):188–94.
8. Joe W, Patel N, Alambusha R, Kulkarni B, Yadav K, Sethi V (2022). Coverage of iron and folic acid supplementation in India: progress under the Anemia Mukt Bharat strategy 2017–20. Health Policy Plan, 37(5):597–606.
9. WHO (2011). Prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in adolescents. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/205656
10. WHO (2011). Guideline: Intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation in menstruating women. World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241502023
11. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ, 339(b2535):1–8.
12. Herzog R, Álvarez-Pasquin MJ, Díaz C, Del Barrio JL, Estrada JM, Gil Á (2013). Are healthcare workers intentions to vaccinate related to their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes? A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13(1).
13. Sterne JACC, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, et al (2016). Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I): detailed guidance. BMJ, 366(October):1–53.
14. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, et al (2011). The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 343(d5928):9.
15. Chakma T, Rao PV, Kumar MP (2012). Factors associated with high compliance / feasibility during iron and folic acid supplementation in a tribal area of. Public Health Nutr, 16(2):377–80.
16. Shah SP, Shah P, Desai S, et al (2016). Effectiveness and Feasibility of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation to Adolescent Girls and Boys through Peer Educators at Community Level in the Tribal Area of Gujarat. Indian J Community Med, 41(2):158–61.
17. Sethi V, Yadav S, Agrawal S, et al (2019). Incidence of Side-effects After Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Consumption Among School-going Indian Adolescents. Indian Pediatri, 56.
18. Dubik SD, Amegah KE, Alhassan A, Mornah LN, Fiagbe L (2019). Social determinants of iron supplementation among women of reproductive age: a systematic review of qualitative data. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 8(3):377–80.
19. Bhatt RJ, Mehta HK, Khatri V, Chhaya J, Rahul K, Patel P (2013). A study of access and compliance of iron and folic acid tablets for prevention and cure of anaemia among adolescent age group females in Ahmedabad district of India surveyed under multi indicator cluster survey. Glob J Med Public Heal, 2(4).
20. Kaur GD, Chauhan N, Varshney DS, Kumar A (2020). A Study on Weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation and Regular Deworming Programme in Rural Schools of Mathura District. Natl J Med Res,10(2):46–50.
21. Dubik S, Amegah K, Alhassan A, Mornah L, Fiagbe L (2019). Compliance with weekly iron and folic acid supplementation and its associated factors among adolescent girls in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. Hindawi J Nutr Metab, 2019: 12.
22. Compaoré A, Gies S, Brabin B, Tinto H, Brabin L (2018). Community approval required for periconceptional adolescent adherence to weekly iron and/or folic acid supplementation: A qualitative study in rural Burkina Faso. Reprod Health, Mar 14;15(1).
23. Gosdin L, Sharma AJ, Tripp K, et al (2020). Barriers to and Facilitators of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation within a School-Based Integrated Nutrition and Health Promotion Program among Ghanaian Adolescent Girls. Curr Dev Nutr, (December):1–11.
24. S HP, Datta SS, Bahurupi YA, Narayan KA, Anbarasan N, Ramya MR (2016). Factors Influencing Weekly IFA Supplementation Programme ( WIFS ) among School Children : Where to Focus Our Attention ? Int J Contemp Med Res, 3(4):1075–9.
25. Khammarnia M, Amani Z, Hajmohammadi M, Ansari-Moghadam A, Eslahi M (2015). A Survey of Iron Supplementation Consumption and its Related Factors in High School Students in Southeast Iran , 2015. Malys J Med Sci, 23(5):57–64.
26. Wangaskar SA, Sahu SK, Majella MG, Rajaa S (2021). Prevalence of Anaemia and Compliance to Weekly Iron ‑ Folic Acid Supplementation Programme amongst Adolescents in Selected Schools of Urban Puducherry , India. Niger Postgrad Med J, 28(1):44–50.
27. Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M (2014). Process evaluation of a national school-based iron supplementation program for adolescent girls in. BMC Public Health, 14(959):1–8.
28. Khapre M, Shewade HD, Kishore S, Ramaswamy G, Dongre AR (2021). Understanding barriers in implementation and scaling up WIFS from providers perspective : A mixed-method study , Rishikesh , India. J Fam Med Prim Care, 9(3):1497–509.
29. Ansari MR, Kandarina BJI, Kusmayanti N, Destriyani, Masfufah, Fikrinnisa R (2021). The acceptability of weekly iron-folic acid supplementation and its influencing factors among adolescent school girls in Yogyakarta city : a mix- methods study. Mal J Nutr,27(1):53–66.
30. Sau A (2016). A Study on Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation ( WIFS ) Programme in a School at Rural Area of West Bengal , India A Study on Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation ( WIFS ) Programme in a School at Rural Area of West Bengal, India. IOSR J Dent Med Sci, 15(6):14–8.
31. Angadi N, B SD (2019). Compliance to weekly iron and folic acid supplementation among adolescent school girls: A study from rural Karnataka. Natl J Res Community Med, 8(3):222–5.
32. Sethi V, Sternin M, Sharma D, Bhanot A, Mebrahtu S (2017). Applying Positive Deviance for Improving Compliance to Adolescent Anemia Control Program in Tribal Communities of India. Food Nutr Bull, 38(3):447–52.
33. Mulugeta A, Tessema M, Kiday H, Seid O, Kidane G, Kebede A (2015). Examining Means of Reaching Adolescent Girls for Iron Supplementation in Tigray , Northern Ethiopia. Nutrients, 2015(7):9033–45.
34. Seminar AU, Briawan D, Khomsan A, et al (2020). Awareness about anaemia and weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (Wifas) among school-going adolescent girls and parents in east java and east nusa tenggara, Indonesia. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 66(Supplement):S111-S117.
35. Nikfallah F, Taslimi S, Shaahmadi F, Jalilian D (2017). Acceptance Rate of Iron-aid Program and its Effective Factors among Girl Journal of Nursing Papers Acceptance Rate of Iron-aid Program and its Effective Factors among Girl Students. Int J Nurs Pap, 2(1):1–5.
36. Gunaratna NS, Masanja H, Mrema S, et al (2015). Multivitamin and iron supplementation to prevent periconceptional anemia in rural tanzanian women: a randomized, controlled trial. PLoS One, 2Apr 23;10(4):e0121552.
37. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editors. Health Behavior Theory, Research and Practice. 5th ed. United States of America: Jossey-Bass; 2015.
38. Annisa FN, Nurmala I (2018). Influence perceived benefit and perceived self efficacy with intention of adolescent girls in consuming FE tablet. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev, 9(4):326–9.
39. Aggarwal A, Aggarwal A, Goyal S, Aggarwal S (2020). Iron-deficiency anemia among adolescents: A global public health concern. Int J Adv Community Med, Apr 1;3(2):35–40.
40. Singh M, Rajoura OP, Honnakamble RA (2020). Assessment of Weekly Iron–Folic Acid Supplementation with and without Health Education on Anemia in Adolescent Girls: A Comparative Study. Int J Prev Med, 11(1):203.
41. Nurmala I, Pertiwi ED, Muthmainnah M, et al (2020). Peer-to-peer education to prevent drug use: A qualitative analysis of the perspectives of student peer educators from Surabaya, Indonesia. Heal Promot J Aust, 00:1–6.
42. Nurmala I, Muthmainnah, Rachmayanti RD, Pertiwi ED, Devi YP (2021). The Intention of Indonesian High School Students to Participate in Drug Abuse Prevention Through Peer Education Activities. İlköğretim Online, 20(1):750–6.
2. WHO (2018). Weekly iron and folic acid supplementation as an anaemia-prevention strategy in women and adolescent girls Lessons learnt from implementation of programmes among non-pregnant women of reproductive age. World Heal Organ [Internet]. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274581
3. Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R (2014). Review on iron and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci, 19(2):164–74.
4. WHO (2017). Global School Health Initiatives: Achieving Health and Education Outcomes Report of Meeting Bangkok, Thailand, 23-25 November 2015 [Internet]. Switzerland. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/global-school-health-initiatives-achieving-health-and-education-outcomes
5. Low MSY, Speedy J, Styles CE, De-Regil LM, Pasricha S-R (2016). Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women. Cochrane database Syst Rev, Apr;4:CD009747.
6. Fernández-Gaxiola AC, De-Regil LM (2019). Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women. Cochrane database Syst Rev, Jan;1(1):CD009218.
7. Joshi M, Gumashta R (2013). Weekly iron folate supplementation in adolescent girls--an effective nutritional measure for the management of iron deficiency anaemia. Glob J Health Sci, Mar;5(3):188–94.
8. Joe W, Patel N, Alambusha R, Kulkarni B, Yadav K, Sethi V (2022). Coverage of iron and folic acid supplementation in India: progress under the Anemia Mukt Bharat strategy 2017–20. Health Policy Plan, 37(5):597–606.
9. WHO (2011). Prevention of iron deficiency anaemia in adolescents. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/205656
10. WHO (2011). Guideline: Intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation in menstruating women. World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241502023
11. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ, 339(b2535):1–8.
12. Herzog R, Álvarez-Pasquin MJ, Díaz C, Del Barrio JL, Estrada JM, Gil Á (2013). Are healthcare workers intentions to vaccinate related to their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes? A systematic review. BMC Public Health, 13(1).
13. Sterne JACC, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, et al (2016). Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I): detailed guidance. BMJ, 366(October):1–53.
14. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC, et al (2011). The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 343(d5928):9.
15. Chakma T, Rao PV, Kumar MP (2012). Factors associated with high compliance / feasibility during iron and folic acid supplementation in a tribal area of. Public Health Nutr, 16(2):377–80.
16. Shah SP, Shah P, Desai S, et al (2016). Effectiveness and Feasibility of Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation to Adolescent Girls and Boys through Peer Educators at Community Level in the Tribal Area of Gujarat. Indian J Community Med, 41(2):158–61.
17. Sethi V, Yadav S, Agrawal S, et al (2019). Incidence of Side-effects After Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Consumption Among School-going Indian Adolescents. Indian Pediatri, 56.
18. Dubik SD, Amegah KE, Alhassan A, Mornah LN, Fiagbe L (2019). Social determinants of iron supplementation among women of reproductive age: a systematic review of qualitative data. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 8(3):377–80.
19. Bhatt RJ, Mehta HK, Khatri V, Chhaya J, Rahul K, Patel P (2013). A study of access and compliance of iron and folic acid tablets for prevention and cure of anaemia among adolescent age group females in Ahmedabad district of India surveyed under multi indicator cluster survey. Glob J Med Public Heal, 2(4).
20. Kaur GD, Chauhan N, Varshney DS, Kumar A (2020). A Study on Weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation and Regular Deworming Programme in Rural Schools of Mathura District. Natl J Med Res,10(2):46–50.
21. Dubik S, Amegah K, Alhassan A, Mornah L, Fiagbe L (2019). Compliance with weekly iron and folic acid supplementation and its associated factors among adolescent girls in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana. Hindawi J Nutr Metab, 2019: 12.
22. Compaoré A, Gies S, Brabin B, Tinto H, Brabin L (2018). Community approval required for periconceptional adolescent adherence to weekly iron and/or folic acid supplementation: A qualitative study in rural Burkina Faso. Reprod Health, Mar 14;15(1).
23. Gosdin L, Sharma AJ, Tripp K, et al (2020). Barriers to and Facilitators of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation within a School-Based Integrated Nutrition and Health Promotion Program among Ghanaian Adolescent Girls. Curr Dev Nutr, (December):1–11.
24. S HP, Datta SS, Bahurupi YA, Narayan KA, Anbarasan N, Ramya MR (2016). Factors Influencing Weekly IFA Supplementation Programme ( WIFS ) among School Children : Where to Focus Our Attention ? Int J Contemp Med Res, 3(4):1075–9.
25. Khammarnia M, Amani Z, Hajmohammadi M, Ansari-Moghadam A, Eslahi M (2015). A Survey of Iron Supplementation Consumption and its Related Factors in High School Students in Southeast Iran , 2015. Malys J Med Sci, 23(5):57–64.
26. Wangaskar SA, Sahu SK, Majella MG, Rajaa S (2021). Prevalence of Anaemia and Compliance to Weekly Iron ‑ Folic Acid Supplementation Programme amongst Adolescents in Selected Schools of Urban Puducherry , India. Niger Postgrad Med J, 28(1):44–50.
27. Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M (2014). Process evaluation of a national school-based iron supplementation program for adolescent girls in. BMC Public Health, 14(959):1–8.
28. Khapre M, Shewade HD, Kishore S, Ramaswamy G, Dongre AR (2021). Understanding barriers in implementation and scaling up WIFS from providers perspective : A mixed-method study , Rishikesh , India. J Fam Med Prim Care, 9(3):1497–509.
29. Ansari MR, Kandarina BJI, Kusmayanti N, Destriyani, Masfufah, Fikrinnisa R (2021). The acceptability of weekly iron-folic acid supplementation and its influencing factors among adolescent school girls in Yogyakarta city : a mix- methods study. Mal J Nutr,27(1):53–66.
30. Sau A (2016). A Study on Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation ( WIFS ) Programme in a School at Rural Area of West Bengal , India A Study on Weekly Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation ( WIFS ) Programme in a School at Rural Area of West Bengal, India. IOSR J Dent Med Sci, 15(6):14–8.
31. Angadi N, B SD (2019). Compliance to weekly iron and folic acid supplementation among adolescent school girls: A study from rural Karnataka. Natl J Res Community Med, 8(3):222–5.
32. Sethi V, Sternin M, Sharma D, Bhanot A, Mebrahtu S (2017). Applying Positive Deviance for Improving Compliance to Adolescent Anemia Control Program in Tribal Communities of India. Food Nutr Bull, 38(3):447–52.
33. Mulugeta A, Tessema M, Kiday H, Seid O, Kidane G, Kebede A (2015). Examining Means of Reaching Adolescent Girls for Iron Supplementation in Tigray , Northern Ethiopia. Nutrients, 2015(7):9033–45.
34. Seminar AU, Briawan D, Khomsan A, et al (2020). Awareness about anaemia and weekly iron-folic acid supplementation (Wifas) among school-going adolescent girls and parents in east java and east nusa tenggara, Indonesia. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo), 66(Supplement):S111-S117.
35. Nikfallah F, Taslimi S, Shaahmadi F, Jalilian D (2017). Acceptance Rate of Iron-aid Program and its Effective Factors among Girl Journal of Nursing Papers Acceptance Rate of Iron-aid Program and its Effective Factors among Girl Students. Int J Nurs Pap, 2(1):1–5.
36. Gunaratna NS, Masanja H, Mrema S, et al (2015). Multivitamin and iron supplementation to prevent periconceptional anemia in rural tanzanian women: a randomized, controlled trial. PLoS One, 2Apr 23;10(4):e0121552.
37. Glanz K, Rimer BK, Viswanath K, editors. Health Behavior Theory, Research and Practice. 5th ed. United States of America: Jossey-Bass; 2015.
38. Annisa FN, Nurmala I (2018). Influence perceived benefit and perceived self efficacy with intention of adolescent girls in consuming FE tablet. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev, 9(4):326–9.
39. Aggarwal A, Aggarwal A, Goyal S, Aggarwal S (2020). Iron-deficiency anemia among adolescents: A global public health concern. Int J Adv Community Med, Apr 1;3(2):35–40.
40. Singh M, Rajoura OP, Honnakamble RA (2020). Assessment of Weekly Iron–Folic Acid Supplementation with and without Health Education on Anemia in Adolescent Girls: A Comparative Study. Int J Prev Med, 11(1):203.
41. Nurmala I, Pertiwi ED, Muthmainnah M, et al (2020). Peer-to-peer education to prevent drug use: A qualitative analysis of the perspectives of student peer educators from Surabaya, Indonesia. Heal Promot J Aust, 00:1–6.
42. Nurmala I, Muthmainnah, Rachmayanti RD, Pertiwi ED, Devi YP (2021). The Intention of Indonesian High School Students to Participate in Drug Abuse Prevention Through Peer Education Activities. İlköğretim Online, 20(1):750–6.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 52 No 1 (2023) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i1.11664 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Adolescent Woman Iron-deficiency anemia Compliance | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Silitonga H, Salim L, Nurmala I, Wartiningsih M. Compliance of Iron Supplementation and Determinants among Adolescent Girls: A Systematic Review. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(1):37-48.
