Cross-Cultural Comparison of Fundamental Movement Skills of Children of Iranian Ethnicities
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Abstract
Background: Cross-cultural studies can provide information on how different cultural contexts, lifestyles, and physical activity play a role in the development of motor skills. We aimed at a cross-cultural comparison of fundamental movement skills of children of Iranian ethnicities.
Methods: The statistical population included boys and girls aged 7 to 9 years from the centers of Tehran (Persian), Lorestan (Lor), Khuzestan (Arab) and Kurdistan (Kurdish) provinces in 2021 year. Overall, 240 people (60 from each province) participated in this research as a sample. Ulric Gross Motor development test (2000) was used to measure the Fundamental Movement skills.
Results: Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the main effect of culture (ethnicity) and interaction of culture and gender on Loco motor and object control skills were significant (P=0/001). In the total score of fundamental movement skills, the results showed that boys children scored significantly higher than girls (P=0/001). Moreover, Lor and Kurdish children significantly performed better than Fars and Arab children (P=0/001), but no significant difference was observed between the other ethnicities (P=0/452).
Conclusion: Differences in the levels of fundamental movement skills of children of different ethnicities may be due to different physical and cultural activities, attitudes, and motor habits.
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25. Tahmasbi F, Hatami F, Mohammdi M (2021). Comparison of loco Motor Skills of children aged 7 to 9 years with emphasis on geographical location and gender Factors. Motor Behavior, 13(44):149-70.
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27. Stöckel T, Hughes CM (2016). The relation between measures of cognitive and motor functioning in 5-to 6-year-old children. Psychol Res, 80(4):543-54.
28. Tortella P, Haga M, Loras H, et al (2016). Motor skill development in Italian pre-school children induced by structured activities in a specific playground. PloS One, 11(7):e0160244.
29. Dorfberger S, Adi-Japha E, Karni A (2009). Sex differences in motor performance and motor learning in children and adolescents: an increasing male advantage in motor learning and consolidation phase gains. Behav Brain Res, 198(1):165-71.
30. Vedul-Kjelsås V, Stensdotter A-K, Sigmundsson H (2013). Motor competence in 11-year-old boys and girls. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 57(5):561-70.
31. Lin S-J, Yang S-C (2015). The Development of Fundamental Movement Skills by Children Aged Six to Nine. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3(12):1024-7.
2. Adolph KE, Eppler MA, Gibson EJ (1993). Crawling versus walking infants' perception of affordances for locomotion over sloping surfaces. Child Dev, 64(4):1158-74.
3. Holfelder B, Schott N (2014). Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychol Sport Exerc, 15(4):382-91.
4. Clark JE (1995). On becoming skillful: patterns and constraints. Res Q Exerc Sport, 66(3):173-83.
5. Angulo‐Barroso RM, Schapiro L, Liang W, et al (2011). Motor development in 9‐month‐old infants in relation to cultural differences and iron status. Dev Psychobiol, 53(2):196-210.
6. Super CM (1976). Environmental effects on motor development: The case of ‘African infant precocity’. Dev Med Child Neurol, 18(5):561-7.
7. Bril B (1988). Bain et gymnastique neonatale: Enfants Bambara du Mali (Motion Picture). France: Centre d’Etude des Processus Cognitifs et du Langage Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Socieles[LBK].
8. Werner EE (1972). Infants around the world: Cross-cultural studies of psychomotor development from birth to two years. J Cross Cult Psychol, 3(2):111-34.
9. Lloyd M, Colley RC, Tremblay MS (2010). Advancing the debate on ‘fitness testing’for children: Perhaps we’re riding the wrong animal. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 22(2):176-82.
10. Logan S, Robinson L, Wilson A, et al (2011). Getting the fundamentals of movement: a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in childrencch. Child Care Health Dev, 38(3):305-315.
11. Haywood KM, Getchell N (2014). Life span motor development: Human kinetics. pp:3-15.
12. Payne VG, Isaacs LD (2017). Human motor development: A lifespan approach: Routledge. pp-50-61.
13. Ghosh S, Ghosh T, Dutta Chowdhury S, et al (2016). Factors associated with the development of motor proficiency in school children of Kolkata: A cross‐sectional study to assess the role of chronic nutritional and socio‐economic status. Dev Psychobiol, 58(6):734-44.
14. Okely AD, Booth ML (2004). Mastery of fundamental movement skills among children in New South Wales: prevalence and sociodemographic distribution. J Sci Med Sport, 7(3):358-72.
15. Vandorpe B, Vandendriessche J, Lefèvre J, et al (2011). The Körperkoordinationstest für kinder: Reference values and suitability for 6–12‐year‐old children in Flanders. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 21(3):378-88.
16. Hardy LL, Barnett L, Espinel P, et al (2013). Thirteen-year trends in child and adolescent fundamental movement skills: 1997-2010. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 45(10):1965-70.
17. Barnett LM, Van Beurden E, Morgan PJ, et al (2009). Childhood motor skill proficiency as a predictor of adolescent physical activity. J Adolesc Health, 44(3):252-9.
18. Lopes VP, Stodden DF, Bianchi MM, et al (2012). Correlation between BMI and motor coordination in children. J Sci Med Sport, 15(1):38-43.
19. Jaakkola T, Yli‐Piipari S, Huotari P, et al (2016). Fundamental movement skills and physical fitness as predictors of physical activity: A 6‐year follow‐up study. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 26(1):74-81.
20. Chow SM, Henderson SE, Barnett AL (2001). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children: A comparison of 4-year-old to 6-year-old children from Hong Kong and the United States. Am J Occup Ther, 55(1):55-61.
21. Bardid F, Rudd JR, Lenoir M, et al (2015). Cross-cultural comparison of motor competence in children from Australia and Belgium. Front Psychol, 13(6): 1-8.
22. Haga M, Tortella P, Asonitou K, et al (2018). Cross-cultural aspects: Exploring motor competence among 7-to 8-year-old children from Greece, Italy, and Norway. Sage open, 8(2):2158244018768381.
23. Ulrich DA (2000). Test of gross motor development-2. Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
24. Zarezadeh M, Farokhi A, Kazam NA (2011). Determining reliability and validity of Test of Gross Motor Development (Ulrich, 2000) in 3-11 aged children of Tehran City. Olympic Journal, 4(52): 87-97.
25. Tahmasbi F, Hatami F, Mohammdi M (2021). Comparison of loco Motor Skills of children aged 7 to 9 years with emphasis on geographical location and gender Factors. Motor Behavior, 13(44):149-70.
26. Drowatzky JN, Zuccato FC (1967). Interrelationships between selected measures of static and dynamic balance. Res Q Am Ass Health, 38(3):509-10.
27. Stöckel T, Hughes CM (2016). The relation between measures of cognitive and motor functioning in 5-to 6-year-old children. Psychol Res, 80(4):543-54.
28. Tortella P, Haga M, Loras H, et al (2016). Motor skill development in Italian pre-school children induced by structured activities in a specific playground. PloS One, 11(7):e0160244.
29. Dorfberger S, Adi-Japha E, Karni A (2009). Sex differences in motor performance and motor learning in children and adolescents: an increasing male advantage in motor learning and consolidation phase gains. Behav Brain Res, 198(1):165-71.
30. Vedul-Kjelsås V, Stensdotter A-K, Sigmundsson H (2013). Motor competence in 11-year-old boys and girls. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 57(5):561-70.
31. Lin S-J, Yang S-C (2015). The Development of Fundamental Movement Skills by Children Aged Six to Nine. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 3(12):1024-7.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 52 No 11 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i11.14045 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Culture Loco motor skills Object control skills Physical activity | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Tahmasebi F, Hatami F, Mohammadi M, Ahmadi G. Cross-Cultural Comparison of Fundamental Movement Skills of Children of Iranian Ethnicities. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(11):2459-2466.
