Effects of Food Plate Size and Color on Visual Perception of Satiety in Adolescents; a New Strategy toward Weight Management
Abstract
Background: Adolescence obesity and its health consequent on adulthood is affected by various environmental factors. Recently, dishware size or color is considered as a probable critical point to manage intake and weight. We investigated visual perception effects of plate size and color on fullness sensation regarding the Body Mass Index (BMI) for age percentiles in Tehran, Iran in 2019.
Methods: A cross sectional study conducted on 408 students aged 13-18 year from both sexes with different socioeconomic status through convenience sampling method. Anthropometric characteristics were measured to determine BMI for Age categories based on the WHO protocol. Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess participants’ perceived satiety when faced to images of different plate’s size and color with the same food volume. SPSS 21 was used to statistical analyze.
Results: 41.2% of student were on >85th percentile of BMI for age. Mean of score of VAS for medium red plate was significantly lower than medium and large white plates in both sexes (P<0.001), while mean of score of VAS for small white plate was significantly lower than large white plates only in girls (P<0.001). The adolescents who were on >85th percentile of BMI for age, gave higher score to large white plate than medium white plate and to medium white plate than medium red plate, significantly (P<0.001), while the scores given by the adolescent on 5th percentile of BMI, were not significant.
Conclusion: Considering dramatic trend of obesity in adolescents in Iran, there is an urgent need to make supportive policies. Manipulating food containers seems to be an effective and simple approach to control feeling satiety. It may be a cost-effective approach to prevent obesity in adolescents before progressing to adulthood.
2. Jalali-Farahani S, Chin YS, Amiri P, Mohd Taib MN (2014). Body mass index (BMI)-for-age and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran. Child Care Health Dev, 40(5): 731–9.
3. Birch LL, Savage JS, Fisher JO (2015). Right sizing prevention. Food portion size ef-fects on children’s eating and weight. Ap-petite, 88: 11–6.
4. McLeod CJ, James LJ, Brunstrom JM, Witcomb GL (2020). The influence of expected satiety on portion size selection is reduced when food is presented in an ‘unusual’ meal context. Appetite, 147: 104550.
5. Marchiori D, Corneille O, Klein O (2012). Container size influences snack food in-take independently of portion size. Appe-tite, 58(3): 814-7.
6. Baranowski T (2008). Mindless Eating: Why We Eat More Than We Think. Am J Clin Nutr, 87(3): 795.
7. Wansink B, van Ittersum K, Painter JE (2006). Ice Cream Illusions: Bowls, Spoons, and Self-Served Portion Sizes. Am J Prev Med, 31(3): 240–243.
8. Van Ittersum K, Wansink B (2012). Plate Size and Color Suggestibility: The Del-boeuf Illusion’s Bias on Serving and Eat-ing Behavior. J Consum Res, 39(2): 215–228.
9. Wansink B, Cheney MM (2005). Super Bowls: Serving Bowl Size and Food Con-sumption. JAMA, 293(14): 1727–8.
10. Vermeer WM, Steenhuis IHM, Seidell JC (2009). From the point-of-purchase per-spective: A qualitative study of the feasi-bility of interventions aimed at portion-size. Health Policy, 90(1): 73–80.
11. Brunstrom JM, Collingwood J, Rogers PJ (2010). Perceived volume, expected satia-tion, and the energy content of self-selected meals. Appetite, 55(1): 25-29.
12. Mruczek REB, Blair CD, Strother L, Caplovitz GP (2017). Size contrast and assimilation in the Delboeuf and Eb-binghaus illusions. The Oxford compen-dium of visual illusions. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press, p. 262–8.
13. Spence C (2018). Background colour & its impact on food perception & behaviour. Food Qual Prefer, 68: 156–66.
14. Growth Charts. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/clinical_charts.htm
15. Genschow O, Reutner L, Wänke M (2012). The color red reduces snack food and soft drink intake. Appetite, 58(2): 699–702.
16. Carstairs SA, Caton SJ, Hetherington MM, et al (2020). Colour as a cue to eat: Ef-fects of plate colour on snack intake in pre-school children. Food Qual Prefer, 83: 103862.
17. Reutner L, Genschow O, Wänke M (2015). The adaptive eater: Perceived healthiness moderates the effect of the color red on consumption. Food Qual Prefer, 44: 172–8.
18. Ferrar J, Ferriday D, Smit HJ, Mccaig DC, Rogers PJ (2019). Identifying Barriers to Reducing Portion Size : and Women. Nu-trients, 11(5):1054.
19. Peng M (2017). How does plate size affect estimated satiation and intake for individ-uals in normal-weight and overweight groups? Obes Sci Pract, 3(3): 282–8.
20. David S, Jeffery Sobal EW (2019). Do Adults Draw Differently-Sized Meals on Larger or Smaller Plates? Examining Plate Size in a Community Sample. Food Qual Prefer, 74: 72–7.
21. Kral TVE (2006). Effects on hunger and sa-tiety, perceived portion size and pleasant-ness of taste of varying the portion size of foods: A brief review of selected stud-ies. Appetite, 46(1): 103–5.
22. Vakili M, Jafarirad S, Abedi P, et al (2019). Visual Cues and Food Intake: Distortion Power of Plate and Spoon Size on Over-weight and Obese University Staff. Int J Prev Med, 10: 82.
23. Ayaz A, Akyol A, Cetin C, Besler HT (2016). Effect of plate size on meal energy intake in normal weight women. Nutr Res Pract, 10(5): 524-9.
24. Holden SS, Zlatevska N, Dubelaar C (2016). Whether smaller plates reduce consump-tion depends on who’s serving and who’s looking: A meta-analysis. J Assoc Consum Res, 1(1): 134–45.
25. Robinson E, Nolan S, Tudur-Smith C, et al (2014). Will smaller plates lead to smaller waists? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect that experimental manipulation of dishware size has on en-ergy consumption. Obes Rev, 15(10): 812–21.
26. Shimpo M, Akamatsu R (2018). The effects of bowl size and portion size on food in-take and fullness ratings in a sample of Japanese men. Public Health Nutr, 21(17): 3216–22.
27. Peng M, Adam S, Hautus MJ, et al (2017). See food diet? Cultural differences in es-timating fullness and intake as a function of plate size. Appetite, 117: 197–202.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 52 No 6 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i6.12995 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Plate size Plate color Visual satiety Obesity | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
