Basic Findings of Incidence of Breast Cancer in Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan: A Retrospective Study
-
Aasma Munawwar
,
Amna Sajjad
,
Shahla Faisal
,
Azhar Rasul
,
Aneeqa Zarbab
,
Afshan Ashraf
,
Afshan Bibi
,
Adnan Ahmad
,
Salma Siddique
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. We aimed to know the past trends of age-specific breast cancer incidence rates in Faisalabad city.
Methods: A retrospective study was designed at Allied Hospital Faisalabad (AHF), Pakistan from 2014-2018. Overall, 12742 cancer patients presented throughout these years, out of which 3390 were breast cancer cases. Descriptive statistics were computed and the results were presented as counts and percentage for categorical variables. Means and standard errors were computed for the continuous variables. For testing the association among categorical variables, a chi-square test of independence was used and the p-values less than 0.05 are reported as significant.
Results: 84.70% patients were diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma and 15.30% were all other types reported in the Allied Hospital Faisalabad. The incidence of breast cancer was outrageous in the 40-49 year-old age group (1021 patients, 30.12%) and the mean age is 45 in all years. An increase of 34.86% was observed from 2014 to 2018. The comprehensive four-year data (2015 to 2018) were further analyzed for histology, surgery, staging and grading pattern as 2014 files data was insufficient to discuss. The stage III and grade III were most common throughout the years from 2015 to 2018 with 33.9% and 55.71% respectively.
Conclusion: Breast cancer is diagnosed more commonly in women than in any other type of cancers in Faisalabad city. There is a need to upgrade the existing hospital facilities to make the women diagnose the cancer at an earlier stage.
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35. Bloom HJ, Richardson WW (1957). Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer; a study of 1409 cases of which 359 have been followed for 15 years. Br J Cancer, 11:359-77.
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38. Zahid Mahmood H, Khaliq IH, Bhatti ZI, et al (2018). Household costs of breast cancer morbidity: An empirical assessment from Pakistan. J BUON, 23:28-33.
2. Ely S, Vioral AN (2007). Breast cancer overview. Plast Surg Nurs, 27:128-33; quiz 134-5.
3. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin, 68:394-424.
4. Global Burden of Disease Cancer (2019). Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. JAMA Oncol, 5:1749-1768.
5. Menhas R, Umer S (2015). Breast Cancer among Pakistani Women. Iran J Public Health, 44:586-7.
6. Andleeb Masood KM, Hussain M, Ali W, et al (2018). Thirty years cancer incidence data for Lahore, Pakistan: trends and patterns 1984-2014. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 19(3):709-717.
7. Zaheer S, Shah N, Maqbool SA, Soomro NM (2019). Estimates of past and future time trends in age-specific breast cancer incidence among women in Karachi, Pakistan: 2004-2025. BMC Public Health, 19:1001.
8. Breast cancer rate in Pakistan highest in Asia. International The News.
9. Kang SY, Kim YS, Kim Z, et al (2018). Basic Findings Regarding Breast Cancer in Korea in 2015: Data from a Breast Cancer Registry. J Breast Cancer, 21:1-10.
10. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al (2015). Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin, 65:87-108.
11. Soomro R (2017). Is breast cancer awareness campaign effective in Pakistan? J Pak Med Assoc, 67:1070-1073.
12. Saeed S, Asim M, Sohail MM (2021). Fears and barriers: problems in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment in Pakistan. BMC Womens Health, 21:151.
13. Gulzar F, Akhtar MS, Sadiq R, et al (2019). Identifying the reasons for delayed presentation of Pakistani breast cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital. Cancer Manag Res, 11:1087-1096.
14. Seiler A, Chen MA, Brown RL, Fagundes CP (2018). Obesity, dietary factors, nutrition, and breast cancer risk. Curr Breast Cancer Rep, 10:14-27.
15. Fraser GE, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Orlich M, et al (2020). Dairy, soy, and risk of breast cancer: those confounded milks. Int J Epidemiol, 49:1526-1537.
16. Shamsi U, Khan S, Azam I, et al (2020). A multicenter case control study of association of vitamin D with breast cancer among women in Karachi, Pakistan. PLoS One, 15:e0225402.
17. Ahmad M, Shah AA (2020). Predictive role of single nucleotide polymorphism (rs11614913) in the development of breast cancer in Pakistani population. Per Med, 17:213-227.
18. Khan MA, Hanif S, Iqbal S, et al (2015). Presentation delay in breast cancer patients and its association with sociodemographic factors in North Pakistan. Chin J Cancer Res, 27:288-93.
19. Akram M, Iqbal M, Daniyal M, Khan AU (2017). Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer. Biol Res, 50:33.
20. Malhotra GK, Zhao X, Band H, Band V (2010). Histological, molecular and functional subtypes of breast cancers. Cancer Biol Ther, 10:955-60.
21. Bartmann C, Wischnewsky M, Stuber T, et al (2017). Pattern of metastatic spread and subcategories of breast cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet, 295:211-223.
22. Ye J, Wang W, Xin L, et al (2017). The Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Disease Progression in Luminal A Breast Cancer and Characteristics of Metastasis: A Retrospective Study from A Single Center in China. Anticancer Res, 37:4549-4556.
23. Ho PJ, Gernaat SAM, Hartman M, Verkooijen HM (2018). Health-related quality of life in Asian patients with breast cancer: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 8:e020512.
24. Khan NH, Duan SF, Wu DD, Ji XY (2021). Better Reporting and Awareness Campaigns Needed for Breast Cancer in Pakistani Women. Cancer Manag Res, 13:2125-2129.
25. Begum N (2018). Breast Cancer in Pakistan: A Looming Epidemic. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 28:87-88.
26. Zeng H, Zheng R, Zhang S, Zou X, Chen W (2013). Incidence and mortality of female breast cancer in China, 2009. Thorac Cancer, 4:400-404.
27. Zeng H, Zheng R, Zhang S, Zou X, Chen W (2014). Female breast cancer statistics of 2010 in China: estimates based on data from 145 population-based cancer registries. J Thorac Dis, 6:466-70.
28. Badar F, Mahmood S, Yusuf MA, Sultan F (2016). Epidemiology of cancers in Lahore, Pakistan, 2010-2012: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 6:e011828.
29. Weigelt B, Horlings HM, Kreike B, et al (2008). Refinement of breast cancer classification by molecular characterization of histological special types. J Pathol, 216:141-50.
30. Vuong D, Simpson PT, Green B, Cummings MC, Lakhani SR (2014). Molecular classification of breast cancer. Virchows Arch, 465:1-14.
31. Freitas-Junior R, Gagliato DM, Moura Filho JWC, et al (2017). Trends in breast cancer surgery at Brazil's public health system. J Surg Oncol, 115:544-549.
32. Sinnadurai S, Kwong A, Hartman M, et al (2018). Breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomy in young women with breast cancer in Asian settings. BJS Open, 3:48-55.
33. Vila J, Gandini S, Gentilini O (2015). Overall survival according to type of surgery in young ( 34. Lee EA, Shin J, Hwang EJ, Lee JW (2017). Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior in Female Cancer Survivors: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2012. Korean J Fam Med, 38:116-121.
35. Bloom HJ, Richardson WW (1957). Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer; a study of 1409 cases of which 359 have been followed for 15 years. Br J Cancer, 11:359-77.
36. Elston CW, Ellis IO (1991). Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology, 19:403-10.
37. Latinovic L, Heinze G, Birner P, et al (2001). Prognostic relevance of three histological grading methods in breast cancer. Int J Oncol, 19:1271-7.
38. Zahid Mahmood H, Khaliq IH, Bhatti ZI, et al (2018). Household costs of breast cancer morbidity: An empirical assessment from Pakistan. J BUON, 23:28-33.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 52 No 6 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i6.13000 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Retrospective Breast cancer Incidence Faisalabad Surgical methods | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Munawwar A, Sajjad A, Faisal S, Rasul A, Zarbab A, Ashraf A, Bibi A, Ahmad A, Siddique S. Basic Findings of Incidence of Breast Cancer in Allied Hospital Faisalabad, Pakistan: A Retrospective Study. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(6):1199-1206.
