Species Composition and Geographic Distribution of Culicinae Mosquitoes and Their Possible Infection with West Nile Virus in Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran
Abstract
Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes a febrile disease and may cause a fatal neurological illness in humans. We aimed to investigate the geographic distribution of Culicinae mosquitoes and their possible infection with WNV in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran.
Methods: Field studies were carried out from June 2017 to May 2019. Different mosquito sampling methods were used monthly to collect mosquitoes from 22 sites. The Real-Time PCR technique was used to detect the virus infection in the mosquitoes.
Results: Overall, 6165 mosquitoes were caught. The species were Culex theileri (33.25%), Cx. pipiens (20.45%), Cx. quinquefasciatus (10.51%), Aedes caspius (6.33%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (5.82%), Ae. vexans (4.10%), Cx. sinaiticus (3.62%), Cx. antennatus (3.29%), Culiseta longiareolata (2.81%), Cx. perexiguus (2.03%), Cs. subochrea (1.95%), Cx. mimeticus (1.49%), Cx. pusillus (1.38%), Cx. univittatus (1.27%), Cx. modestus (1.14%), and Cx. sitiens (0.57%). The molecular detection of virus infection in mosquitoes found to be negative for WNV.
Conclusion: The presence of many species of mosquito vectors and high population traffic increase the risk of disease transmission is very high. Therefore, the way to restrict WNV infection factors is increasing the knowledge for personal protection measures to prevent mosquito bites.
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15. Mousa-kazemi SH, Zaim M, Zahraii A (2000). Fauna and ecology of Culicidae of the Zarrin-Shahr and Mobarakeh area in Isfahan Province. Armaghan Danesh. Journal of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, 5: 46- 54.
16. Azari-Hamidian S (2007). Larval habitat characteristics of mosquitoes of the ge-nus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Guilan Province, Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis, 1(1): 9- 20.
17. Moosa-Kazemi H, Zahirnia AH, Sharifi F, et al (2015). The Fauna and Ecology of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in West-ern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 9(1): 49-59.
18. Nikookar SH, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, et al (2015). Fau-na and larval habitat characteristics of mosquitoes in Neka County, Northern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 9(2): 253-66.
19. Salim-Abadi Y, Oshaghi MA, Enayati AA, et al (2016). High insecticides resistance in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tehran, capital of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 10(4): 483-92.
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21. Hazratian T, Paksa A, Sedaghat MM, et al (2019). Baseline Susceptibility of Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae) to Differ-ent Imagicides, in Eastern Azerbaijan, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 13 (4): 407-15.
22. Rutledge CR, Day JF, Lord CC, et al (2003). West Nile virus infection rates in Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) do not re-flect transmission rates in Florida. J Med Entomol, 40(3): p. 253-258.
23. Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, Dohm DJ, et al (2001). Vector competence of selected North American Culex and Coquillettidia mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg In-fect Dis, 7(6): 1018-22.
24. Ahmadnejad F, Otarod V, Fallah M, et al (2011). Spread of West Nile virus in Iran: a cross-sectional serosurvey in equines, 2008–2009. Epidemiol Infect, 139(10):1587-93.
25. Shahhosseini N, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Seda-ghat MM, et al (2020). Autochthonous Transmission of West Nile Virus by a New Vector in Iran, Vector-Host Interac-tion Modeling and Virulence Gene De-terminants. Viruses, 12(12):1449.
26. Assaid N, Mousson L, Moutailler S, et al (2020). Evidence of circulation of West Nile virus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes and horses in Morocco. Acta Trop, 205:105414.
27. Christova I, Papa A, Trifonova I, et al (2020). West Nile virus lineage 2 in hu-mans and mosquitoes in Bulgaria, 2018-2019. J Clin Virol, 127:104365.
28. Mavridis K, Fotakis EA, Kioulos I, et al (2018). Detection of West Nile Virus–Lineage 2 in Culex pipiens mosquitoes, as-sociated with disease outbreak in Greece, 2017. Acta Trop, 182:64-8.
2. Cleton N, Koopmans M, Reimerink J et al (2012). Come fly with me: review of clini-cally important arboviruses for global travelers. J Clin Virol, 55(3):191-203.
3. Adams LE, Martin SW, Lindsey NP et al (2019). Epidemiology of dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika virus disease in US states and territories, 2017. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 101(4):884-890.
4. Weingartl, H, Neufeld J L, Copps J et al (2004). Experimental West Nile virus in-fection in blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) and crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos). Vet Pathol, 41(4): 362-70.
5. Komar N, Langevin S, Hinten S, et al (2003). Experimental infection of North Ameri-can birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus. Emerg Infect Dis, 9(3): 311-22.
6. Turell, M.J., Sardelis M.R., Dohm D.J et al (2001). Potential North American vectors of west Nile virus. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 951(1): 317-24.
7. Amin M, Zaim M, Edalat H, et al (2020). Se-roprevalence Study on West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection, a Hidden Viral Disease in Fars Province, Southern Iran. J Arthro-pod Borne Dis, 14(2):173–184.
8. Bagheri M, Terenius O, Oshaghi MA, et al (2015). West Nile Virus in mosquitoes of Iranian wetlands. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 15(12): 750-54.
9. Ziyaeyan M, Behzadi MA, Leyva-Grado VH, et al (2018). Widespread circulation of West Nile virus, but not Zika virus in southern Iran. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 12(12): e0007022.
10. Hormozgan Province (2022). Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormozgan_Province
11. Azari-Hamidian S, Harbach RE (2009). Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar lar-vae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa, 2078(1): 1-33.
12. Shahgudian ER (1960). A key to the Anophelines of Iran. Acta Med Iran, 1960;38-48.
13. Va´zquez A, Herrero L, Negredo A, et al (2016). Real time PCR assay for detection of all known lineages of West Nile virus. J Virol Methods, 236:266-70.
14. Moosa-Kazemi SH, Vatandoost H, Ni-kookar H, et al (2009). Culicinae (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in chabahar coun-ty, sistan and baluchistan province, southeastern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis, 3(1):29.
15. Mousa-kazemi SH, Zaim M, Zahraii A (2000). Fauna and ecology of Culicidae of the Zarrin-Shahr and Mobarakeh area in Isfahan Province. Armaghan Danesh. Journal of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, 5: 46- 54.
16. Azari-Hamidian S (2007). Larval habitat characteristics of mosquitoes of the ge-nus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Guilan Province, Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis, 1(1): 9- 20.
17. Moosa-Kazemi H, Zahirnia AH, Sharifi F, et al (2015). The Fauna and Ecology of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in West-ern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 9(1): 49-59.
18. Nikookar SH, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, et al (2015). Fau-na and larval habitat characteristics of mosquitoes in Neka County, Northern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 9(2): 253-66.
19. Salim-Abadi Y, Oshaghi MA, Enayati AA, et al (2016). High insecticides resistance in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) from Tehran, capital of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 10(4): 483-92.
20. Liu X, Yue Y, Wu H, et al (2019). Breeding site characteristics and associated factors of Culex pipiens complex in Lhasa, Tibet, PR China. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(8): 1407.
21. Hazratian T, Paksa A, Sedaghat MM, et al (2019). Baseline Susceptibility of Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae) to Differ-ent Imagicides, in Eastern Azerbaijan, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 13 (4): 407-15.
22. Rutledge CR, Day JF, Lord CC, et al (2003). West Nile virus infection rates in Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) do not re-flect transmission rates in Florida. J Med Entomol, 40(3): p. 253-258.
23. Sardelis MR, Turell MJ, Dohm DJ, et al (2001). Vector competence of selected North American Culex and Coquillettidia mosquitoes for West Nile virus. Emerg In-fect Dis, 7(6): 1018-22.
24. Ahmadnejad F, Otarod V, Fallah M, et al (2011). Spread of West Nile virus in Iran: a cross-sectional serosurvey in equines, 2008–2009. Epidemiol Infect, 139(10):1587-93.
25. Shahhosseini N, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Seda-ghat MM, et al (2020). Autochthonous Transmission of West Nile Virus by a New Vector in Iran, Vector-Host Interac-tion Modeling and Virulence Gene De-terminants. Viruses, 12(12):1449.
26. Assaid N, Mousson L, Moutailler S, et al (2020). Evidence of circulation of West Nile virus in Culex pipiens mosquitoes and horses in Morocco. Acta Trop, 205:105414.
27. Christova I, Papa A, Trifonova I, et al (2020). West Nile virus lineage 2 in hu-mans and mosquitoes in Bulgaria, 2018-2019. J Clin Virol, 127:104365.
28. Mavridis K, Fotakis EA, Kioulos I, et al (2018). Detection of West Nile Virus–Lineage 2 in Culex pipiens mosquitoes, as-sociated with disease outbreak in Greece, 2017. Acta Trop, 182:64-8.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 52 No 4 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i4.12454 | |
| Keywords | ||
| West Nile virus Culicidae mosquitoes Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Poudat A, Edalat H, Zaim M, Rezaei F, Salimabadi Y, Basseri H. Species Composition and Geographic Distribution of Culicinae Mosquitoes and Their Possible Infection with West Nile Virus in Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(4):809-817.
