Factors Associated with Self-Rated Health among Korean Elderly
Abstract
Background: South Korea has the fastest growing aging population in the world, and the Korean older adult population has been reported to have poor self-rated health (SRH). This cross-sectional descriptive survey aimed to examine the SRH and associated factors among the Korean older adult population using the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data.
Methods: The differences in SRH according to socioeconomic, health-related, and mental health-related factors and their relationships were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression, using data from 1,521 older adults in Korea from the 8th KNHANES.
Results: Self-rated health was higher among older adults with a high family income (odds ratio [OR]=1.58, 95% CI: 1.05−2.36), those who finished elementary school or lower as opposed to those with a middle school diploma (OR=0.52, 95% CI:0.29−0.95), those with a low body mass index (BMI) compared to those with a higher BMI (OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.21−0.88), those with no unmet health needs (OR=2.00, 95% CI: 1.31−3.06), those with better diet-related circumstances (OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.15−3.39), those with lower stress (OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.28−2.44), those with no suicidal ideation (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.75−4.87), and those without a history of psychiatric counseling (OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.02−4.34).
Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of health behaviors in promoting SRH among older adults in Korea, and emphasize the need for developing and implementing educational programs that reflect these findings.
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24. Jeon HO, Kim OS (2012). Comparison of health status, sleep, and depression by the employment status in the elderly. JKAIS, 13 (3):1203-11.
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26. Kim KS (2017). Effects of the health status and health behavior on health-related quality of life of the elderly living alone and living with their families: Using data from the 2014 community health survey. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs, 28 (1): 78-87.
27. Cho YK, Shim KW, Suk HW, et al (2019). Differences between one-person and multi-person households on socioeco-nomic status, health behavior, and meta-bolic syndrome across gender and age groups. Korean J Fam Pract, 9 (4): 373-82.
28. Mendoza-Romero D, Urbina A, Cris-tancho-Montenegro A, Rombaldi A (2019). Impact of smoking and physical inactivity on self-rated health in women in Colombia. Prev Med Rep, 16: 100976.
29. Xiao Q, Keadle SK, Hollenbeck AR, Mat-thews CE (2014). Sleep duration and total and cause-specific mortality in a large US cohort: Interrelationships with physical activity, sedentary behavior, and body mass index. Am J Epidemiol, 180: 997-1006.
30. Lee YH, Im JY (2014). Analysis of expendi-ture of food consumption by population aging. Korean Journal of Agricultural Manage-ment and Policy, 41 (1): 112-33.
31. Otiniano ME, Du XL, Ottenbacher K, Markides KS (2003). The effect of diabe-tes combined with stroke on disability, self-rated health, and mortality in older Mexican Americans: Results from the Hispanic EPESE. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 84 (5): 725-30.
32. Hoebel J, Rommel A, Schröder S, Fuchs J, Nowossadeck E, Lampert T (2017). So-cioeconomic inequalities in health and perceived unmet needs for healthcare among the elderly in Germany. Int J Envi-ron Res Public Health, 14 (10): 1127.
33. Chung KH, Yeom JH, Hwang NH, Kim JS, Lee KR, Oh SH (2013). Quality of life of middle-aged and older persons. Research report 2013-31-14. Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
34. Lachytova M, Katreniakova Z, Mikula P, Jendrichovsky M, Nagyova I (2017). As-sociations between self-rated health, mental health problems and physical in-activity among urban adolescents. Eur J Public Health 27 (6): 984-9.
2. Statistics Korea (2017). Life expectancy and disability adjusted life expectancy. Statis-tics Korea, Daejeon, South Korea. http://www.index.go.kr/potal/main/EachDtlPageDetail.do?idx_cd=2758
3. Cislaghi B, Cislaghi C (2019). Self-rated health as a valid indicator for health-equity analyses: Evidence from the Italia n health interview survey. BMC Public Health, 19 (1): 533.
4. Ocampo JM (2010). Self-rated health: Im-portance of use in elderly adults. Colombia Médica, 41 (3): 275-89.
5. Prieto-Flores ME, Moreno-Jimenez A, Fer-nandez-Mayoralas G, Rosenberg MW, Rojo-Perez F, Forjaz MJ (2012). The rela-tive contribution of health status and quality of life domains in subjective health in old age. Soc Indic Res, 106: 27-39.
6. Idler EL, Benyamini Y (1997). Self-rated health and mortality: A review of twenty-seven community studies. J Health Soc Be-hav, 38: 21-37.
7. Ishizaki T, Kai I, Imanaka Y (2006). Self-rated health and social role as predictors for 6-year total mortality among a non-disabled older Japanese population. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 42 (1): 91-9.
8. Stanojevic Jerkovic O, Sauliune S, Šumskas L, Birt CA, Kersni KJ (2017). Determi-nants of self-rated health in elderly popu-lations in urban areas in Slovenia, Lithua-nia and UK: Findings of the EURO-URHIS 2 survey. Eur J Public Health, 27 (2): 74-9.
9. Statistics Korea (2019). Society survey 2019. Statistics Korea, Daejeon, South Korea. http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea.
10. Kennedy J, Minkler M (1998). Disability theory and public policy: Implications for critical gerontology. Int J Health Serv, 28 (4): 757-76.
11. Lee OJ (2017). Meta-analysis of the factors related to self-rated health among elderly-Focused on psychological dispositions, socio-economic status. J KoCon.a, 17 (4): 424-33.
12. Conry MC, Morgan K, Curry P, McGee H, Harrington J, Ward M, Shelley E (2011). The clustering of health behaviours in Ireland and their relationship with mental health, self-rated health and quality of life. BMC Public Health, 11 (1): 692.
13. Darviri C, Artemiadis AK, Tigani X, Alex-opoulos EC (2011). Lifestyle and self-rated health: A cross-sectional study of 3,601 citizens of Athens, Greece. BMC Public Health, 11 (1), 619.
14. Nam YH, Nam JR (2011). A study on the factors affecting the subjective health sta-tus of elderly people in Korea. Korean Journal Fam Welf, 16 (4): 145-62.
15. Kim HS (2017). Effect of pain, nutritional risk, loneliness, perceived health status on health-related quality of life in elderly women living alone. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 8 (7): 207-18.
16. Pitkala K, Laakkonen ML, Strandberg TE, Tilvis RS (2004). Positive life orientation as predictor of 10-year outcome in an aged population. J Clin Epidemiol, 57: 409-14.
17. Kim M, Chung W, Lim S, Yoon S, Lee J, Kim E, Ko L (2010). Socioeconomic in-equity in self-rated health status and con-tribution of health behavioral factors in Korea. J Prev Med Public Health, 43 (1): 50-61.
18. Yoon B (2016). Differential effects on self-rated health by socioeconomic class. J Health Info Stat, 41 (1): 35-42.
19. Kang S (2016). Factors influencing quality of life among cancer survivors: Using KNHANES 2010-2014. Jour. of KoCon.a,16 (9): 628-37.
20. Molarius A, Janson S (2002). Self-rated health, chronic diseases, and symptoms among middle-aged and elderly men and women. J Clin Epidemiol, 55: 364-70.
21. World Health Organization (2000). The Asia-Pacific perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications Australia.
22. Yoon SP, Yoon YK, Jeong HW, et al (2016). Differences in healthy by women’s social position and roles: 1st–4th Korean Lon-gitudinal Survey of Women and Families. Korean J Fam Pract, 6 (5): 470-78.
23. Lee MA, Kim DC (2013). Predictors of Ko-rean elderly people’s self-rated health sta-tus and moderating effects of socioeco-nomic position. Journal of the Korean Society of Community Living Science, 24(1): 37-49
24. Jeon HO, Kim OS (2012). Comparison of health status, sleep, and depression by the employment status in the elderly. JKAIS, 13 (3):1203-11.
25. Demakakos P, Nazroo J, Breeze E, Marmot M (2008). Socioeconomic status and health: The role of subjective social status. Soc Sci Med, 67 (2): 330-40.
26. Kim KS (2017). Effects of the health status and health behavior on health-related quality of life of the elderly living alone and living with their families: Using data from the 2014 community health survey. J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs, 28 (1): 78-87.
27. Cho YK, Shim KW, Suk HW, et al (2019). Differences between one-person and multi-person households on socioeco-nomic status, health behavior, and meta-bolic syndrome across gender and age groups. Korean J Fam Pract, 9 (4): 373-82.
28. Mendoza-Romero D, Urbina A, Cris-tancho-Montenegro A, Rombaldi A (2019). Impact of smoking and physical inactivity on self-rated health in women in Colombia. Prev Med Rep, 16: 100976.
29. Xiao Q, Keadle SK, Hollenbeck AR, Mat-thews CE (2014). Sleep duration and total and cause-specific mortality in a large US cohort: Interrelationships with physical activity, sedentary behavior, and body mass index. Am J Epidemiol, 180: 997-1006.
30. Lee YH, Im JY (2014). Analysis of expendi-ture of food consumption by population aging. Korean Journal of Agricultural Manage-ment and Policy, 41 (1): 112-33.
31. Otiniano ME, Du XL, Ottenbacher K, Markides KS (2003). The effect of diabe-tes combined with stroke on disability, self-rated health, and mortality in older Mexican Americans: Results from the Hispanic EPESE. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 84 (5): 725-30.
32. Hoebel J, Rommel A, Schröder S, Fuchs J, Nowossadeck E, Lampert T (2017). So-cioeconomic inequalities in health and perceived unmet needs for healthcare among the elderly in Germany. Int J Envi-ron Res Public Health, 14 (10): 1127.
33. Chung KH, Yeom JH, Hwang NH, Kim JS, Lee KR, Oh SH (2013). Quality of life of middle-aged and older persons. Research report 2013-31-14. Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs.
34. Lachytova M, Katreniakova Z, Mikula P, Jendrichovsky M, Nagyova I (2017). As-sociations between self-rated health, mental health problems and physical in-activity among urban adolescents. Eur J Public Health 27 (6): 984-9.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 52 No 2 (2023) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i2.11889 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Older adults Mental health Health behaviors Socioeconomic status | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Jun J, Park D. Factors Associated with Self-Rated Health among Korean Elderly. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(2):360-370.
