The Relation between Worker Protection System in the Interpersonal Service and Workplace Violence as Well as Workers’ Depression
Abstract
Background: We aimed to confirm the effect of interpersonal service worker protection system on workplace violence and depression and to determine the relationship among the protection system, workplace violence, and depression.
Methods: Self-reporting survey was conducted for approximately a month beginning on 2 March 2020, among members selected using the convenience sampling method from seven labor unions in South Korea to which interpersonal service workers belonged. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding the subjects’ general characteristics, worker protection system, workplace violence, and depression. Overall, 1,541 workers participated in this study.
Results: The basic model was used to test the relationship between the protection system and depression, with a mediating effect of workplace violence. Three of the hypothesized paths were significant (P<.001), but the basic model did not fit the data. In the revised model, the direct path from the protection system to depression was deleted. Path coefficient of the direct effect of the protection system on violence was -0.05, the direct effect of the violence on depression was 0.77, and the indirect effect of the protection system on depression was -0.04. The fit of this model was acceptable.
Conclusion: Organizational interventions have an indirect effect on reducing depression by preventing workplace violence; however, there was no direct effect on reducing the depression of the workers. These results justify the need to invest in strengthening workplace protection systems for the interpersonal service workers.
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28. Song Y, Lindquist R (2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindful-ness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Educ Today, 35: 86-90.
29. Tsang HW, Cheung WM, Chan AHL, Fung KM, Leung AY, Au DWH (2015). A pilot evaluation on a stress management pro-gramme using a combined approach of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for elementary school teachers. Stress Health, 31: 35-43.
30. Richardson KM, Rothstein HR (2008). Ef-fects of occupational stress management intervention programs: a meta-analysis. J Occup Health Psychol, 13: 69.
2. Byun CB, Jung-Choi K, Cho Y, Paek D (2009). Depressive symptoms of work-place violence exposed subjects in Korea. Korean J Occup Environ Med, 21: 314-23.
3. Chang HE, Park MY, Jang H, Ahn S, Yoon HJ (2019). Relationships among demands at work, aggression, and verbal abuse among registered nurses in South Korea. Nurs Outlook, 67: 567-77.
4. Kahsay WG, Negarandeh R, Nayeri ND, Hasanpour M (2020). Sexual harassment against female nurses: A systematic re-view. BMC Nurs, 19: 1-2.
5. Kim SW (2019). A Study on the context of introduction, interpretation, and revision of the Article 26-2 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act - for the settlement and advancement of general regulation for protection of emotional labor work-ers. Public Interest and Human Rights, 19: 121-61. [Korean]
6. Bond GR, Lerner D, Drake RE, Reidy C, Choi J (2019). Work-focused interven-tions for depression: final report. U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser-vices. Available from: https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/work-focused-interventions-depression-final-report
7. Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group, Patient Health Questionnaire Primary Care Study Group (1999). Valida-tion and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. JAMA, 282: 1737-44.
8. Williams JR, Hirsch ES, Anderson K, et al. (2012). A comparison of nine scales to detect depression in Parkinson disease: which scale to use? Neurology, 78: 998-1006.
9. Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global per-spective (7th ed.). Pearson Education, Up-per Saddle River, NJ, 664-72.
10. Kline RB (2015). Principles and practice of struc-tural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford Press, New York, NY, 74-7.
11. Lee HE, Kim HR, Park JS (2014). Work-related risk factors for workplace violence among Korean Employees. J Occup Health, 56: 12-20.
12. Park M, Cho SH, Hong HJ (2015). Preva-lence and perpetrators of workplace vio-lence by nursing unit and the relationship between violence and the perceived work environment. J Nurs Scholarsh, 47: 87-95.
13. Dilman Y (2015). Code green for workplace violence: EB72. Crit Care Nurse, 35: e34-e35.
14. Guay S, Goncalves J, Boyer R (2016). Evalu-ation of an education and training pro-gram to prevent and manage patients’ vi-olence in a mental health setting: a pre-test-posttest intervention study. Healthcare, 4: 49.
15. Fernandes CMB, Raboud JM, Christenson JM, et al. (2002). The effect of an educa-tion program on violence in the emer-gency department. Ann Emerg Med, 39: 47–55.
16. Arnetz JE, Arnetz BB (2000). Implementa-tion and evaluation of a practical inter-vention programme for dealing with vio-lence towards health care workers. J Adv Nurs, 31: 668-80.
17. Geoffrion S, Hills DJ, Ross HM, et al. (2020). Education and training for pre-venting and minimizing workplace ag-gression directed toward healthcare workers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4: CD012662.
18. Yang YJ, Kim JH (2020). Effects of hospi-tal-based violence-prevention and coping programs on nurses' violence experience, violence responses, self-efficacy, and or-ganizational commitment. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm, 26: 550-62.
19. Spelten E, Thomas B, O'Meara PF, Maguire BJ, FitzGerald D, Begg SJ (2020). Organi-sational interventions for preventing and minimising aggression directed towards healthcare workers by patients and pa-tient advocates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4: CD012662.
20. Hanson GC, Perrin NA, Moss H, Laharnar N, Glass N (2015). Workplace violence against homecare workers and its rela-tionship with workers health outcomes: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15: 1-3.
21. Tang FC, Li RH, Huang SL (2016). The association between job-related psychosocial factors and prolonged fatigue among industrial employees in Taiwan. PLoS One, 11: e0150429.
22. Einarsen S, Nielsen MB (2015). Workplace bullying as an antecedent of mental health problems: a five-year prospective and representative study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 88: 131-42.
23. Hur YJ, Kim HY, Lee SM (2019). The relationship between workplace violence, depression, burnout, subjective health status, job and life satisfaction of physical therapists in South Korea. Phys Ther Rehabil Sci, 8: 234-41.
24. Johnson SL (2011). An ecological model of workplace bullying: A guide for interven-tion and research. Nurs Forum, 46: 55-63.
25. Jung MH. Effect of a workplace-based management program for emotional la-bor workers among sales workers [PhD thesis]. Graduate School of Public Health, the Catholic University of Korea, South Korea; 2015.
26. Lau RW, Mak WH (2017). Effectiveness of workplace interventions for depression in Asia: A meta-analysis. Sage Open, 7: 2158244017710293.
27. Ikenouchi-Sugita A, Yoshimura R, Sugita K, Hori H, Yamada K, Sakaue M, et al. (2013). The effects of a walking intervention on depressive feelings and social adaptation in healthy workers. JUOEH, 35: 1-8.
28. Song Y, Lindquist R (2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindful-ness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Educ Today, 35: 86-90.
29. Tsang HW, Cheung WM, Chan AHL, Fung KM, Leung AY, Au DWH (2015). A pilot evaluation on a stress management pro-gramme using a combined approach of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for elementary school teachers. Stress Health, 31: 35-43.
30. Richardson KM, Rothstein HR (2008). Ef-fects of occupational stress management intervention programs: a meta-analysis. J Occup Health Psychol, 13: 69.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 51 No 10 (2022) | |
| Section | Original Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i10.10980 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Interpersonal service Worker Protection system Violence Depression | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Choi E-H, Jung M-H, Beak E-M, Jung H-S, Lee B. The Relation between Worker Protection System in the Interpersonal Service and Workplace Violence as Well as Workers’ Depression. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51(10):2221-2230.
